• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2015

The e-commerce market has been more diversified via B2B or P2P, and the size of this market has gradually been expanded as well. A noteworthy phenomenon is the P2P market, which has shown a rapid, approximately 200-fold or more increase in size since 2005. Specifically, the online secondhand-goods market that makes transaction easier and more convenient has attained a fast growth as well, but either sellers or buyers of secondhand goods are properly protected due to a lack of legal regulations on secondhand-goods transaction. The purpose of this study was to examine problems with online secondhand-goods transaction and to suggest some reform measures. There is something wrong with the legal status of brokers for secondhand-goods sales. According to the current law, individual brokers are neither mail-order sellers nor mail-order brokers. So they don't have lots of liabilities, and it means that the burden of risk is all imposed on buyers. Therefore it's suggested that individual brokers should be defined as 'involved operator of electronic commerce' so that proper liability might be imposed on them.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.7-35
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to examine the meanings of delivery of each trade term in INCOTERMS 2000, to investigate various kinds of transport document as a proof of delivery, and finally to find their problems. As a result of examination, following problems are considered to happen practically. First, a multimodal transport document referred in FOB term seems to be unappropriate because FOB term can be used in sea or inland waterway transport. Second, Assuming resale in transit in CFR or CIF term, non-negotiable Sea Waybill seems to be inappropriate. Third, As Sea Waybill is not a document of title, it can not be a security when the bank negotiate seller's draft. Fourth, INCOTERMS 2000 deleted the reference to charter party in CFR or CIF term. This deletion may raise any legal problems for the liabilities of carrier when the contradictions happen between the charter party B/L and charter party. Finally, if CFR or CIF means symbolic delivery, other documents besides B/L can not be a symbols of goods.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1981

There are more damages from collision at sea because of the multiple reasons of sea conditions. For the purpose of avoiding collision at sea, Internaitonal Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972 as an international convention is in force having the nature of international navigating law. According to the nature of the convention and the principle of legislation of the convention, not only it has the preventing nature on collision but it is a basic rules to make clear the faults of collision between vessels by the admiralty court in the developed maritime countries. Since there is no so much case law on it in this country and not to fixed the legal theory to define the faults of collision in civil law as per the above convention, the further study of the civil liability on collision based upon the above convention shall be recognized in the principle of fair of the civil law.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2001

실제운송인은 해상물건운송 법률관계의 특수한 주체이다. 함부르크 규칙은 실제운송인 제도를 설립하였다. 중국해상법은 함부르크 규칙을 참조하고 실제운송인 제도를 도입하여 제4장에서 실제운송인에 관하여 규정하고 있다. 그러나 실제운송인에 대한 법리 해설과 사법실무에는 문제가 많이 생긴다. 본 논문은 중국해상법상 실제운송인의 의의, 실제운송인의 인정, 실제운송인의 책임에 관하여 연구하고자 한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제44권
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• pp.31-55
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• 2009

This study attempts to provide a comparative overview of the liability systems Korean law and the PELS adopt, that is, the approaches taken by Korean law and the PELS to deal with various irregularities of contractual performance. In addition, it examines in a comparative way the questions of what is the position of the seller's liability for his delivery of defective goods under the chosen liability system and what is the legal nature of the seller's liability. The study finds that the dual liability system taken by Korean law has caused some complexities as to the matter of which liability is applicable in some borderline cases. The problem in such complexities is originated in that the remedies available and the limitation period applicable are differentiated in accordance with one's different categorization among three types of default under the general liability and defective performance under the seller's guarantee liability. In this light, the study argues that the unified liability system under the PELS is superior because its concept of non-performance embraces in a unitary manner all the aspects of default including defects in quality, quantity and title. In addition, it finds that Korean law has suffered endless debates on the question of what are the true contents of the same remedies of rescission and damages provided under the seller's guarantee liability as under the general liability. The debates have been come along on the basis of the traditional presumption among some of civil law jurisdictions that two liabilities be different in terms of not only their legal nature but also their contents of remedies. The study argues that the problem may be circumvented, first, by another way of thinking that the unified liability in Korean law is inferred from the specification of the identical remedies for both the general liability and the seller's guarantee liability under the KCC, second, by the preposition that the requirement of fault be depended upon what remedy the buyer seeks to claim rather than what liability he does to rely on.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.123-169
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• 2002

The Advent of the global information structure and the do-called digital revolution raise countless new issues and questions. There are no limitations regulating the expressions on the cyberspace due to internet's of quality anonymity\ulcorner diversity\ulcorner spontaneity. Therefore, the freedom of speech is expanded in both areas of time and space, which was impossible with the old communicating system. The rapid development of the internet may not have occurred without techniques of linking and framing, which provide users flexible and easy access to other website. These techniques have enabled internet users to navigate the internet efficiently and sort through the products, services and information available on the internet. Although online technology raises many new legal issues, the law available to help us resolve them, at least today, is largely based on the world as it existed before online commerce became a reality. Thus the challenge is to predict how these new legal issues may be resolved using the current law. Especially, the damage from the above side effects on the cyberspace can be much more serious than in the real world because of promptness, wideness and anonymity. Therefore, regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace became needed, and there are two kinds of opinion; one is that the laws in the real world should be applied for the cyberspace and the other is that regulating and controling the freedom of speech on the cyberspace should be performed by the users of cyberspace not by laws because the cyberspace is a free space and must not be interfered. In this study, the current judicial regulation of cyberspace, the side effects of cyberspace and the limitations of the freedom of speech are studied to solve the above problems with speech and the liabilities of on-line service providers are discussed around defamation the distribution of obscene pictures and information, and infringement of copyright.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.485-495
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• 2011

On February 11, 2011, upon request of the International Seabed Authority, 'the Seabed Dispute Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea(henceforth Chamber)' rendered its advisory opinion on the responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area. The advisory opinion covered three questions: What are the legal responsibilities and obligations of the sponsoring states with respect to the sponsorship of activities in the Area? What is the extent of liability of a State Party for any failure to comply with the LOS Convention and relevant instruments? What are the necessary and appropriate measures that a sponsoring State must take in order to fulfil its responsibilities? In particular, the Chamber delivered its opinion on the different responsibilities and obligations of developed and developing sponsoring states. This paper reviews the above three questions through analyzing the advisory opinion and makes some recommendations for the fulfillment of the responsibilities and obligations of Korea as a sponsoring states.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2013

체선료는 운임의 일종으로서 항만에서 선박의 체항에 따른 시간적 손실에 대한 보상이다. 통상적인 항해용선계약에 따르면 체선료의 책임은 반대의 문언이 없는 한 용선자에게 있는 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 실무에서는 용선자의 책임이 제한되거나 송하인 또는 수하인 등 제3자에게 이전되어 선주가 체선료 확보에 어려운 상황에 직면하게 되는 경우가 빈번하게 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 용선자, 송하인, 수하인, 선하증권의 배서인, 기타 이해당사자 간의 체선료지불 책임에 관한 문제를 영미법의 사례를 중심으로 살펴보고, 그 결과에 따른 시사점을 도출하여 선주나 용선자의 실무에 도움이 되는 방안을 제시한다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2007

조영제를 사용한 방사선과 검사의 조영제 부작용에 대한 위험성은 잘 알려져 있으며, 조영제의 부작용을 줄이기 위한 연구도 지속적으로 진행되어 왔다. 또한 조영제 부작용에 대한 사전검사를 하더라도 조영제에 의한 치명적 부작용을 예측하기 어렵다. 이러한 조영제 부작용에 대한 법적책임에 대하여 최근에는 의료기관개설자의 책임이 중요시되고 있다. 의료기관은 환자의 건강을 목적으로 하는 조직체이다. 그리고 조직체는 그 구성원에 의한 과실에 책임이 있다. 그러므로 의료기관개설자는 의료서비스에 대해서 기대가능한 모든 노력을 하여야 하며, 불충분 또는 불완전한 조직편성 및 진료조치가 이루어지지 않게 하여야 할 조직의무를 부담한다. 이러한 점에서 의료기관은 방사선조영검사시에 조영제를 주입하는 단계로부터 검사의 완료에 이르기까지 전과정에 충분하고도 완전한 조직편성과 적정한 진료 확보를 위한 제반조치를 취할 책임이 있다. 따라서 환자의 안전과 진료의 적정을 위하여 의료기관이 조직적으로 필요한 조치를 시행하지 않거나 불충분한 경우에는 불법행위법상 의료기관 독자적인 조직책임을 지게 되며, 의료기관의 조직의무위반은 의료기관 자신의 책임이므로 내부관계에서 의료기관종사자 개인에게 구상권을 행사할 수 없다.

• 해사법연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.115-144
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• 2017

2007년 미국에서 시작된 글로벌 금융위기의 영향은 국내의 해운 조선 분야에도 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 관련하여 국내 조선소는 해운경기 악화로 인한 상선 수주물량 감소의 대체수단으로 여러 방면에서 수주전략을 수립하였고, 선택한 분야가 해양플랜트였다. 그러나 국내 조선소는 해양플랜트 관련 계약이 갖고 있는 위험성 분석에 대한 대비 없이 단순한 매출액 확대와 일감확보를 위한 무리한 영업 수주전략을 추진하였다. 이러한 결과, 해양플랜트 발주자와 초기에 계약한 금액보다 많은 비용이 투입되거나 제조물 인도지연에 따른 지체상금을 지급해야 하는 법적인 문제로 확대되었다. 주요 법적분쟁의 원인은 해양플랜트공사 시 발생할 수 있는 비선형모델에 의한 위험성 분석, 공정관리의 미숙, 국내 조선소가 "Engineering Procurement Construction 일괄계약"을 사용하는 해양플랜트공사계약의 이해 부족에 기인한다. 특히, 위험성 관리 항목의 한 요소로써 계약상의 독소조항에 대한 충분한 검토가 이루어지지 않은 점에 있다. 이러한 계약서를 검토할 만한 인력도 부재하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 계약목적물의 인도지연이 발생할 수 있는 구체적 위험성의 존재를 식별하고, 해양플랜트공사계약 상에는 어떠한 불공정조항이 존재하며, 그러한 불공정조항이 실제 양 당사자에게 어떻게 적용되는지를 국내 조선소의 프로젝트 관리자의 인터뷰와 선행연구를 참조하여 구체적 위험요소가 계약상으로 어떻게 함의되는가에 대해서 살펴보았다. 이를 통하여 해양플랜트공사계약상 제조물인도지연에 관한 계약당사자의 법적 책임관계와 국내 조선 해양플랜트 산업발전에 기여할 수 있는 개선방안을 도출하였다.