• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2000

Among the various models proposed for the description of semi-rigid connection behavior, Kinney's fixity facto. (=f) definition is adopted. If one follows this definition, f=1.0 signifies a completely fixed connection and f=0.0, the frictionless hinge. Kim's new slope-deflection equations based on the Kinney's fixity factors are the principal idea of this paper. Proposed finite element program also includes the effect of axial shortening of column, which is neglected in the stress analysis of frame leg conventional slope-deflection method. For the economic design, especially for the saving of beam weight in the high-rise office buildings or apartment houses, the proposed method can be applied.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to compare hamstring flexibility and pressure pain threshold (PPT) after an intervention with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation contract-relax (PNF CR) technique, myofascial release (MFR), and a massage gun (MG), as well as to verify the effectiveness of the MG. Methods: This study recruited 36 participants (22 males and 14 females) with shortening of less than 70 degrees upon a straight leg raise (SLR) test, and they were randomly assigned to one of the PNF, MG, and MFR groups, each of which underwent its own protocol for 30 minutes. Flexibility of the hamstring was measured after the intervention using the active and passive knee extension (AKE and PKE) test, the sit and reach test, and PPT. Results: The AKE and PKE angles significantly decreased, as well as significantly increased in flexibility when each of the PNF, MFR, and MG interventions was performed (p<0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference among groups. However, according to the Cohen's D effect size, the MG demonstrated the largest effect size in AKE (d = 1.41) and PNF demonstrated the largest effect size in PKE (d = 1.66) and flexibility (d = 0.63). Conclusion: All interventions used in our study are effective in increasing hamstring flexibility. Based on the Cohen's D effect size, an MG is beneficial to increase the AKE, whereas PNF CR technique is recommended for increasing PKE and flexibility.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2022

In cold-formed steel (CFS) structures, such as trusses, transmission towers and portal frames, the use of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections are becoming increasingly popular. In such an arrangement, intermediate welds or screw fasteners are required at discrete points along the length, preventing the angle sections from buckling independently. Limited research is available in the literature on axial strength of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections. The issue is addressed herein. This paper presents an experimental investigation reported by the authors on back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections with intermediate stiffeners under axial compression. The load-axial shortening behaviour along with the deformed shapes at failure are reported. A nonlinear finite element (FE) model was then developed, which includes material non-linearity, geometric imperfections and modelling of intermediate fasteners. The FE model was validated against the experimental test results, which showed good agreement, both in terms of failure loads and deformed shapes at failure. The validated finite element model was then used for the purpose of a parametric study comprising 96 models to investigate the effect of longer to shorter leg ratios, stiffener provided in the longer leg, thicknesses and lengths on axial strength of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections. Four different thicknesses and seven different lengths (stub to slender columns) with three overall widths to the overall depth (B/D) ratios were investigated in the parametric study. Axial strengths obtained from the experimental tests and FE analyses were used to assess the performance of the current design guidelines as per the Direct Strength Method (DSM); obtained comparisons show that the current DSM is conservative by only 7% and 5% on average, while predicting the axial strengths of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections with and without the stiffener, respectively.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The present study introduces the clinical application of Hamstring Chuna Manual Therapy to a patient who underwent the pain after spinal fusion. Methods : A patient who had the pain after spinal fusion was hospitalized at Bucheon Jaseng hospital of Oriental Medicine for 35 days. During the hospital treatment, the pain was relieved by Hamstring Chuna Manual Therapy. The improvement of the patient was measured by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) score, SLR(Straight-Leg Raising) test, and walking distance. Results : The values of the patient's VAS score, SLR test, and walking distance measured before and after Hamstring Chuna Manual Therapy presented that the pain was relieved after Hamstring Chuna Manual Therapy. Conclusions : Therefore, this case demonstrates that Hamstring Chuna Manual Therapy is effective treatment method for relieving pain in the spine.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity ratio of the lower limb according to changes in straight leg raise (SLR) test angles on hamstring muscle shortening during squat exercises. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects were 14 healthy adults who were informed of and agreed to the method and purpose of the study. The participants were classified into SLR groups according to two angles (over $80^{\circ}$ or under $80^{\circ}$) assessed using the SLR tests. After training and practicing the wall squat posture to be applied to the experiment, electromyography (EMG) was used to measure changes in muscle activity during the performance of a wall squat. After stretching, a sequence of pre-stretch tests were performed again, and the active and passive SLR tests were also reconducted; thereafter, a wall squat was performed again by attaching EMG electrodes. The EMG results before and after stretching were compared. Results: The muscle activity of the vastus lateralis oblique muscle increased in both groups. The muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique muscle decreased in over both group. Rectus femorus activity increased in the under 80-degree groups but decreased in the over 80-degree group. The muscle activity of the biceps femoris muscle decreased after stretching in the over 80-degree group and increased in the under 80-degree group, and the semitendinosus muscle activity after stretching was decreased. The quadriceps-to-hamstring muscle (Q:H) ratio before and after stretching between groups showed that the hamstring muscle ratio decreased after stretching in both groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the Q:H ratio before and after stretching between groups was not significantly different.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.127-145
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study wa9 to analyse the gait patterns of two female children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy by using the three-dimensional video motion analysis technique. Case 1 has mild spastic hemiplegia on the right side while Case 3 has moderate spastic hemiplegia on the left side. A group of 10, normal female children of the same age(7-8 years old) were selected as the control group for comparison. Time and distance variables as well as the Center of Mass displacement, and the pelvic and joint motions in three anatomical planes were analysed for this purpose. The following observations were made through the analysis : Case 1 revealed an asymmetrical gait pattern in which the step length of the unaffected side was shorter than that of the affected side, which wan a result of the effort to minimize loading on the affected leg by shortening the swing phase of the unaffected leg. Case 1 scored similar phase ratios, cadence and walking velocity to the normal group. A slight posterior tilt of the pelvis was observed throughout the gait cycle. Less hip and knee flexion than the normal group was observed, and demonstrated hyperextension of the knee in the terminal stance phase. The main problem in case 1 originated from the insufficient dorsiflexion of the affected foot during the swing phase. Therefore, Case 1 has difficulty with foot clearance in the swing phase. Usually, this is compensated for by using exessive hip abduction and medial rotation in conjuction with trunk elevation as well as increased vortical displacement of the center of mass. Case 1 revealed a foot-flat initial contact pattern. Case 2 was characterized by a consistent retraction ef the affected aide of the body througout the gait cycle, As a result, an asymmetrical gait pattern with increased stance phase ratios of the unaffected side was observed. In spite of this the step lengths of both sieds were similar. Case 2 scored lower cadence and walking speed than the normal group with lower gait stability. The main problem in Case 2 originated from an excessive plantaflexion of the affected foot which, in turn, rebutted in high hip and knee flexion. Hyperextension of the knee was observed at mid-stance, and execessive anterior tilt of the pelvis throughout the gait cycle was noticed. A gait pattern with high hip abduction and medial circumduction was maintained for the stability in the stance phase and foot clearance in the swing phase. Case 2 revealed a forefoot-contact initial contact pattern.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To investigate the results of treatment of reverse oblique trochanteric fractures with compression hip screw. Methods: We reviewed the results of 12 cases of reverse oblique trochanteric fracture treated with compression hip screw from January 2000 to December 2006 which could be followed up for more than 1 year. The mean follow up period was 26 months (15~40). The mean age was 48 years old. Injury mechanism was composed of 6 cases of traffic accident and 6 cases of fall down. 8 persons were man. We investigated the union time, degree of neck-shaft angle change, amount of sliding of compression hip screw, complications, functional and clinical results. Results: 10 cases were united and the mean union time were 5 months (3~8). The mean neck-shaft angle change was 3.5 degrees (0~12). The amount of sliding of compression hip screw was 8.9 mm (2~24). There were six coxa vara, six leg due to coxa vara shortening, two nonunion, and one superficial infection. Unsatisfactory results of Jensen's social function score and Parker and Palmer's mobility score were studied. Conclusion: The results of treatment of reverse oblique trochanteric fractures with compression hip screw were relatively unsatisfied.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.134-140
• /
• 2005

목적: 종양 대치물을 이용한 사지 구제 술 후 발생한 심부감염, 해리, 또는 하지 단축 등의 합병증으로 종양 대치물을 제거한 후 단계별 치료를 하는 과정에서 연부 조직 구축으로 인해 초래되었거나 또는 합병증 치료 시작 당시부터 있었던 하지 단축에 대하여 연부조직 연장 만을 위하여 외고정 기기를 한시적으로 사용한 결과를 평가하고 그 유용성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 악성 골 종양으로 종양대치물을 이용하여 사지구제술을 받은 후 발생한 합병증으로 연부 조직 구축 및 하지 단축이 발생되어, 연부 조직 연장을 위해 외고정 기기(Dyna-extor$^{(R)}$)를 사용하였던 5명의 환자 6예를 대상으로 하였다. 외고정 기기는 골격 결손부위의 근위와 원위 정상 뼈 부분에 금속핀을 삽입 후 설치 하였다. 외부 고정기 연장은 술 후 약 3일부터 하였으며, 신경학적 증상이 나타나지 않는 범위에서 하루에 2~3 mm 이상씩 시행하였다. 결과: 치료 부위는 원위 대퇴골이 3예, 근위 경골이 2예였다. 최초 사지 구제술시의 평균연령은 13.4세(9~19세)였으며, 외부 고정기를 설치할 때의 평균연령은 22.2세(15~29세)로 최초 사지구제술 후 합병증으로 하지 단축이 발생되어 외부 고정기를 설치할 때까지의 기간은 평균 8.8년(3~14년)이었다. 4명의 환자 5예에서 평균 착용 기간은 37일(25~50일)에 평균 5.8 cm을 연장 하였으며, 1명의 환자는 150일 동안 착용하여 7.2 cm을 연장하였다. 외부 고정기 제거 3명의 환자에서 종양 대치물을 재삽입 하였고, 2예의 환자는 슬관절 유합술을 시행하였다. 이후 평균 추시 기간은 22개월이었으며 감염은 재발하지 않았다. 결론: 종양 대치물을 이용한 사지 구제술 후의 합병증으로 또는 합병증의 치료 과정에서 초래되는 연부 조직 구축과 하지 단축에 대하여 외고정 기기를 한시적으로 사용하여 효과적으로 하지 길이를 연장할 수 있었으며, 추후 종양 대치물 재 삽입이나 관절 고정술의 수술을 용이하게 해줄 수 있는 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2003

본 실험에서는 천연 추출물중 항산화성이 우수한 추출물을 선발하여 계육 양념육 제품을 개발하고, 둘째. 양념육의 침투속도를 높이기 위하여 수용성 미네랄 성분과 Ge-132를 이용하여 양념계육 제품에 대한 이화학적 특성을 검토하였다. 이상의 게르마늄, 녹차, 수용성 미네랄 및 녹차+게르마늄+수용성 미네랄 복합 첨가 양념 닭고기 제품의 이화학적 결과를 보면, pH는 염지전 가슴부분이 6.00～5.94, 다리부분이 6.55～6.38로 염지 기간 중 처리구간의 pH의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 닭고기 부위에 따른 차이는 가슴부분보다 다리부분이 조금 높게 나타났다. 염도와 당도는 염지기간 중 증가하는 경향이었으며, 염도의 경우 염지 24시간째 대조구의 가슴과 다리부분이 각각 1.11%, 1.21%를 나타내었다. 그러나 수용성 미네랄 첨가구 모두 저장 6시간과 12시간째 대조구의 염도보다도 높은 값을 나타내었다. 당도의 경우도 마찬가지로 대조구 24시간째 19.94 brix, 18.89 brix를 저장 6시간째 천연물과 기능수 첨가구 모두 가슴과 다리부분에서 높은 당도를 나타내었다. 가열조리 후 각 처리양념 닭고기제품의 경도 변화는 대조구에 비하여 모든 처리구가 부위에 관계없이 낮은 값을 나타내 었으며 특히, 녹차 첨가구는 가슴부분과 다리부분이 각각 122.59, 142.59kg/$cm^2$로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 항균성의 경우 대조구의 가슴부분 4.23CFU/g, 다리부분 4.24CFU/g에 비하여 가슴부분은 녹차 첨가구가 3.76CFU/g, 녹차+게르마늄+수용성 미네랄 복합첨 가구가 3.61CFU/g으로 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 다리부분은 녹차 첨가구가 3.49CFU/g, 녹차+게르마늄+수용성 미네랄 복합 첨가구가 3.55 CFU/g으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 지방산화도의 경우는 부위에 관계없이 대조구에 비하여 낮은 TBARS값을 나타내었고 특히, 녹차 첨가구가 가슴부분 0.43, 다리부분 0.47로 TBARS값이 낮게 나타났다. 다즙성, 연도 및 종합적인 기호도에서는 대조구에 비하여 녹차, 수용성 미네랄 및 녹차+게르마늄+수용성미네랄 복합 첨가구가 양념 닭고기제품의 다리와 가슴부분 모두에서 유의하게 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 대조구의 유리아미노산 함량 1462.7mg에 비하여 녹차첨가구의 유리아미노산 함량은 1661.46 mg으로 증가하였고, 고기의 추출물에서 맛과 풍미에 중요한 역할을 하는 아미노산인 glutamic acid의 함량이 대조구에 비하여 녹차 첨가구가 534.24mg으로 높은 값을 나타내었다.