• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of the application of ankle pumping exercise versus elastic compression stockings for the women lower leg edema and pain due to continuous standing work. Methods: The participants were 20 women with leg edema and pain, divided into two group, 10 ankle exercise group and elastic compression stockings group. Low leg circumference were measured before and after work. Ankle pumping exercise group, elastic compression stockings were divided into groups, individual working one week during the arbitration to arbitration and work around the legs before and after retesting were compared before and after arbitration. Arbitration to stop and keep the information a week after the re-measurement of intervention before and after the arbitration and the degree of intervention were maintained. Statistical methods before and after working around the average value of each the legs was repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The participants had edema and leg problems because of their work. The ankle pumping exercise gorup and elastic compression stockings group showed statistically decrease in leg circumference value. there was no statistically value about the lasting effect of intervention after 1 week. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the application of elastic compression stockings and ankle pumping exercises during the hours of work is effective the relief of edema of lower extremity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between balance control ability and leg circumference, proprioception, range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength in young adults. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 university students who were enrolled in D university in Gyeongbuk province. We measured the dynamic balance and static balance using the Biorescue. The muscular strengths of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured using a muscle contraction dynamometer. The ROM and proprioception were measured using an inclinometer. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlations between balance control ability and variables. Results: Sway length was significantly correlated with knee and hip joint muscle strength, ROM, and proprioception of hip and ankle joints (p<0.05). Sway speed was significantly correlated with ROM and proprioception in hip joints (p<0.05). Limit of stability was significantly correlated with muscle strength and ROM in ankle joints, and proprioception in hip, knee, and ankle joints (p<0.05). Conclusion: The sway length was most related to hip extension and ankle joint plantar flexion in the range of motion and ankle joint plantar flexion in proprioception. Overall, balance training for young adults will be of effective help if the treatment focuses on the knee and hip joints, range of motion and the ankle and hip joints' proprioception.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.517-528
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the circumference, skinfold thickness and strength of the normal and casted lower limb prior to casting and following removal of the cast. The subjects for the study were nine orthopedic patients who had had long and short leg casts due to a tibial, fibula, or calcaneus fracture, or to a lateral collateral ligament rupture. Circumference, skinfold thickness, and strength of the normal and casted lower limb following removal of the cast were compared with those prior to the application of the cast. Measurements were made before cast application and after removal of the cast. Skinfold thickness was measured by fat caliper, circumference was measured by tape and strength was determined by measuring the length of time the leg was held elevated at 45$^{\circ}$. The results can be summarized as follows 1. There was no change in the normal limb in the circumference of the midthigh and midcalf after casting as compared to before cast application. 2. In the casted limb the circumference of the midthigh decreased by 3.23% and that of the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.49% during the period of casting. 3. In the normal limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased and that of gastrocnemius increased by 20.63% during the period of cast application. 4. In the casted limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased significantly by 12.37% and that of gastrocnemius decreased by 10% during the period of cast application. 5. Strength of the normal lower extremity decreased significantly by 48.37% and that of casted lower extremity decreased remarkably by 73.07% during the period of cast application. 6. Circumference of the midthigh and the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.6% and 9.4% respectively on the casted side as compared to the normal side. Skinfold thickness of the quadriceps and the gastrocnemius on the casted side decreased by 6.12% and 18.55% respectively as compared to the normal side and strength in the lower extremity on the casted side decreased significantly by 44.32% as compared to the nor-mal side. From these results, it may be concluded that muscle atrophy occurs in the casted lower limb and muscle strength of the normal lower limb are also reduced during the period of application of a leg cast.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.14-22
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• 2005

Objectives We got a good effect on one patient who diagnosed Deep Vein Thrombosis after cystostomy. Methods The patient was treated with Acupuncture, Herbal medication, Venesection. To evaluate the edema, pain of leg, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and the measurement of leg circumference are used. Results 1. The discrepancy of the leg circumference is decreased from 3.1㎝ to 1.6㎝. 2. The Visual Analogue Scale was decreased from 10 to 2-1. Conclusions In this case, the patient who diagnosed Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVT) after cystostomy treated by Acupuncture, Herbal medication, Venesection was improved. We are reporting this case.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct measurement data of 20-25 years male university students of 7th Size Korea data and to characterize and to type the body shape of lower body. It was to provide basic data for male university students' pants pattern production. The lower body part consisted of the 'horizontal factor' of the lower body composed of circumference, thickness, width, and 'vertical factor' of the lower body composed of the length and height. This was consistent with the analysis of the body shape factor of the lower half of male adolescents. The lower body shape was classified into four types. Type 1 was thick and relatively long in the lower body and was named 'thick long leg'. Type 2 was named 'short bird legs' because the lower body was thin and relatively short. Type 3 was relatively thin and long, so the lower body was named 'long crane leg'. In Type 4, the lower body was relatively thick and short, which means 'short pillar leg'. In the case of 20-25 year-old male university students, they have different body shapes depending on the girth and length of the lower half of their body as they have reached adulthood. Therefore, it would be necessary to provide a sales system that allows the repair of the length of the pants to be facilitated, and the length of the pants to be repaired when the pants are selected according to the circumference. Future studies will need to classify the body shape according to angle and flatness.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1988

The investigation of the surface areas, volumes and sizes (circumference, length, breadth) changes has been performed on women during menstruation, non-menstruation, pregnancy and post-pregnancy periods. (1) During menstruation and non-menstruation periods: The subjects were 30 healthy women from 19 to 24 years of age. The changes of lower leg areas were measured using the paper replacement method, showing an increase of 0.71% in surface during the menstruation period. The changes of lower 1g volumes were measured by the water replacement method, showing an increase of 1,74% in volume during the menstruation period. The correlation between the surface area changes and the volume changes was of r=0.45. The greatest change among the four parts of the leg was found at the ankle in both experiments. We measured also the foot length(1), the ball of foot girth(2), the foot breadth(3), the instep height (4), the instep girth(5), the ankle girth(6), the calf circumference(7) and we found the greatest changes in(4)=3,92% in(5)=0.79% and in (7) =0.84%. (2) During pregnancy and post-pregnancy periods: The subjects were 3 women, two pregnants(both from the 24th to the 36th week of pregnancy during the experiment) and one post-pregnant(from the second week to the eighth week during the expriment). For the first two subjects, we measured only the last 6 items of the preceding experiments(foot length(1),ball of foot girth(2), (3), (5), (6), (7)), Showing the greatest changes in the instep girth(5) and the calf circumference(7). In the case of the post-pregnant subject, these two items (5) and(7) decreased sharply during the second, third and fourth week and remain approximately the same afterwards.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to compare edema and pain after completing a nurse's daily shift and to examine the effects of self leg massage which was usually used for reducing nurses' lower extremity edema and pain after their shift. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects were 81 nurses who took a self leg massage program created by the researcher. Self leg massage was done 15 times during 3 weeks. Data were collected from September 21 to October 31, 2007. The level of lower extremity edema was measured by ankle and calf circumference by a tapeline in cm and the pain score was measured by using a subjective numbering rating scale. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 program using statistics of repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in pain according to the department. There was a statistically significant difference in lower extremity edema and pain in nurses after their shift and self leg massage. Conclusion: Self leg massage was effective for relieving nurses' lower extremity edema and pain. Therefore, it is proposed that standardized self leg massage should be applied as a method for nurses' lower extremity edema and pain.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.244-250
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in physique characteristics between the excellent domestic player groups in each sport player's, to prevent epidemiologic damage of musculoskeletal system and to provide fundamental data to improve performances for players. This study has performed for total 60 student players from Y University in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, consists of 20 Kendo players, 20 Judo players and 20 Taekwondo players. We measured the length and circumference of arm, leg, body using Martin anthropometer to collect the data for 3 groups. There was significant difference in lower left arm length between player groups(p<.01), and Kendo players' right side femoral were longer than other 2 groups for leg length measurement(p<.01). Judo players' circumference for right/left stretched arm/bent upper arm were thicker than other 2 groups(p<.01). Taekwondo players' chest circumference were smaller than other 2 groups(p<.01), and Taekwondo players' right/left femoral circumference were thinner than other 2 groups(p<.05). From this study, it was found that there are physique characteristics differences between the Kendo, Judo and Taekwondo player groups. This indicates that repeated exercise for each sport player causes physique change, and it may cause epidemiologic damage of musculoskeletal system. It is recommended to perform balancing exercise prior to main exercise.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.929-944
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze two original forms of slacks for thesis to extract outward appearance of design original form applying design measures of the above through diverse research methods. The results of this study are as follow: In original form F, the original form of slacks sloper suitable to elderly women 65~9 years old was W/4+3.5+0.5cm in the front/back circumference of waist, H/4cm in the front/back circumference of hip, (H/4+1+3.8)/2cm in the position of centerline, 19cm in actual measurement value of hip length, 25cm in actual measurement value of crotch depth, (knee crotch circumference~bottom line)/2+10cm and 90 (side waist dot~ lateral malleolus length)cm in actual measurement. front dart position was 1/3 and 2/3 of front waist centerline and back dart position was 1/3 and 2/3 of back waist circumference. It was suggested that front dart quantity (length) was 3.5(11)cm, back dart quantity 3.4 (10.2)cm, side waist up quantity 0.7cm, back down quantity 1.5cm, front crotch width (H/4+1)/4-1cm, back crotch width (H/4+1)/4+4, front knee width 21.8cm, back knee width 24.4cm, front pant leg 20.8cm, and back pant leg 23.4cm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.641-649
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• 2016

Highly precision body measurements represent basic data required by industry and researches who wish to utilize information about the human body. The proficiency and expertise of the measurers have a significant influence on the error and accuracy of data when various parts from multiple subjects' bodies are measured. Therefore, in order to measure accurate body measurements (when measuring bodies directly), it is necessary to conduct objective analyses on errors. This study calculated the Relative Technical Error of Measurement (%TEM) using data that measured each of 24 subjects and discussed errors and methods to reduce errors by conducting comparison analysis based on measured items and objects. The result of analysis indicated that the errors based on age and gender of the objects of measurement were minor; however, there were comparatively distinct differences in measured errors based on measured items. 'Right and left Shoulder Angle' for all measured subjects displayed the greatest errors and standard deviations. 'Height' dimension, Lateral Malleolus Height and Head Height had big errors; in addition, 'Circumference', Neck Base Circumference and Armscye Circumference also had big errors. More careful measurements of such items with big errors require additional educational plan such as a proposal for more objective and detailed measurement methods. Items with small errors but big standard deviations such as Waist Circumference, Calf Circumference, Minimum Leg Circumference, Chest Circumference, Hip Circumference and Waist Circumference confirmed that errors for them greatly decreased with repeated experiments and resultant measurers increased proficiency; consequently, repeated measuring experiments for these items greatly enhance accuracy.