• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2016

지정차로제란 차량특성에 따라 차로별 통행 가능한 차종을 지정한 제도로서, 도로이용 효율성 증대 및 교통안전을 위해 시행된 제도이다. 1999년 폐지되었지만, 2000년 대형차의 1차로 주행, 난폭운전 및 교통사고 증가의 이유로 재규정 되었다. 2010년 일부 개선되었지만, 지나친 세분화에 따른 인식률 저조와 차량회전이 빈번한 일반도로에서의 준수 어려움, 이륜차 및 화물차의 주행차로 확대 요청 등 개선 필요성이 증대된 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 설문조사, 시뮬레이션 및 안전도 평가 등을 통하여 차종별 특성을 고려한 지정차로제 개선방안을 제시하였다. 차종 명시로 저속차량의 상위차로 이용과 단속의 어려움, 교통량 및 차로이용 불균형, 국제 표준과의 미 부합 등의 문제점에 대하여 설문조사를 통해 5개 대안을 제시하였다. 각 대안별 운영효과와 실현성을 검토하기 위해 미시적 시뮬레이션을 이용한 통행속도, 효율성 등을 분석하였고, 시야범위 측면 안전도 평가를 시행하여 차량 간 제원차이에 의한 시야확보 용이성을 검토하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 고속 소형 차량은 좌측, 저속 대형 차량은 우측차로로 통행하는 포괄적인 차로지정을 본 논문에서 제시하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 1977

In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of thoracostomy on the patients with pathological changes in pleural cavity which were caused by various etiological factors, a clinical study was carried out during a period of 5 and half years from May 1972 to September 1977 in the department of thoracic surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, and the following results were obtained. Of a total of 264 patients, 205 cases were male, and 59 female, exhibiting the ratio of male to female being 3.5 to 1. The pathological changes in pleural cavity could occur at any age from 4 months after birth to 76 years old, the peak incidence being in the third decade in either male or female. The incidence decreased in the second, fifth and fourth decade in order. The type of pathological changes observed and their frequencies of occurrences were 93 cases [35.2%] in pneumothorax, 62 cases [23.5%] in hemothorax, 48 cases [18.2%] in pyothorax, 46 cases [17. 4%] in hemopneumothorax, 13 cases [4.9%] in hydropneumothorax, and one case each in hydrothorax and chylothorax. The incidence of the primary diseases which predisposed the pathological changes in pleural cavity were, 119 cases [45-1%] in trauma, 64 cases [24.2%]in lung tuberculosis, 38 cases [14.4%] in pneumonia or empyema, 14 cases [5.3%] in lung emphysema and blebs, 13 cases [4.9%] in process after thoracotomy, 3 cases [1.1%] each in lung malignant tumor and lung paragonimiasis, one case in mechanical ventilator and 9 cases [3.4%] in unknown origin. The pathological changes in pleural cavity were located in the right side of the cavity in 124 cases, in the left side in 133 cases and in both sides in 7 cases, indicating that the difference between the incidence of the left and rightside occurences was insignificant. Of 93 cases of pneumothorax studied, 63 cases were found to have been tension pneumothorax and 30 cases non-tension pneumothorax, showing greater prevalence of tension type over non-tension type. Of 119 cases of trauma observed, 82 cases were accompanied with rib fractures and 37 cases were without any fracture [non-bone fracture]. Patients with the rib fractures were characterized by multiple rib fractures and multiple double fractures of ribs, accompanying with or without fracture of bones other than ribs, and patients with non-bone fracture were characterized by penetrating stab wound and blunt trauma. Of 264 cases who received thoracostomy, 207 cases [78.4%] demonstrated that their pathological changes in pleural cavity were removed and subsided by a simple measure of thoracostomy. In 43 cases [16.3%], various surgical measures including radical operation and thoracotomy were required for complete healing, since their pathological changes were not abolished by thoracostomy alone. The rest 14 cases [5.3%] were expired following thoracostomy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.1616-1623
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effect of hot environment and dietary crude protein level (CP) on performance, carcass characteristics, meat visual quality, muscle chemical composition and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of tissues in broilers. Two hundred and sixteen 21-d old Arbor Acre broilers were used in a $4\times3$ factorial arrangement and randomly reared in 4 environmental chambers and fed on 3 diets with different CP levels for 3 weeks. The results showed: (1) when air temperature (AT) rose to $33^{\circ}C$, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, carcass weight, right breast meat weight, left thigh and drumstick meat weight decreased (p<0.05) and feed conversion rate decreased (p<0.05), but the ratio of carcass to live weight and of left thigh and drumstick meat weight to carcass weight increased (p<0.05). (2) There were significant differences in pH and shear force in breast meat, and shear force, L* and a* in thigh meat (p<0.01 or 0.05) among hot environments. Dietary CP level tended to affect breast meat pH and pH and L* of thigh meat (p<0.06 or 0.09). Compared to the normal temperature ($22^{\circ}C$), low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) and hot humid (AT $33^{\circ}C$, relative humidity (RH) 80%) treatments significantly (p<0.05) decreased the tenderness of thigh meat. L* and a* value in thigh meat under high temperature treatments, regardless of RH, were higher (p<0.05) than those under normal temperature. (3) Protein content in breast and thigh meat of broilers fed under high temperature ($33^{\circ}C$) was lower (p<0.05) than that under $22^{\circ}C$, but fat content had an adverse change. High temperature ($33^{\circ}C$) increased the moisture of breast meat significantly (p<0.05). Protein content in breast meat increased significantly (p<0.05), in which fat content had an adverse change (p<0.05), when the dietary protein rose. (4) MDA concentration in liver and breast meat under hot humid (AT $33^{\circ}C$, RH 80%) treatment increased markedly (p<0.05). (5) High humidity could sharpen the bad effect of high temperature on performance, carcass yield and choice cuts, crude protein and moisture content in breast meat. It was concluded that a hot environment could affect the performance and meat quality of broiler chicks more significantly than CP level and that high humidity would aggravate the bad influence of high temperature on the broiler.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.210-217
• /
• 1993

To compare the myocardial viability in patients suffering from total occlusion of the right coronry artery (RCA) with the angiographic collaterals, intracoronary injection of Thallium-201 (T1-201) was done to 14 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (pts) with total occlusion of RCA and into four normal subjects for control. All 14 CAD pts had Grade 2 or 3 collateral circulations. There were 14 male and 4 females, and their ages ranged from 31 to 70 years. In nine pts, T1-201 was injected into left main coronary artery (LCA) ($300{\sim}350{\mu}Ci$) to evaluate the myocardial viability of RCA territory through collateral circulations. The remaining five pts received T1-201 into RCA ($200{\sim}250{\mu}Ci$) because two had intraarterial bridging collaterals and three had previous successful PTCA. Planar & SPECT myocardial perfusion images were obtained 30 minutes, and four to five hours after T1-201 injection. Intravenous T1-201 reinjection (six pts) or $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ (two pts) were also performed in eight CAD pts. Intracoronary myocardial perfusion images were compared with intravenous T1-201 (IV T1-201) images, ECG, and ventriculography. Intracoronary T1-201 images proved to be superior to that of IV T1-201 due to better myocardial to background uptake ratio and more effective in the detection of viable tissue. We also found that perfusion defects were smaller on intracoronary T1-201 images than those on the IV T1-201. All of the 14 CAD pts had either mostly viable myocardium (seven pts) or large area of T1-201 perfusion (seven pts) in RCA territory, however ventriculographic wall motion and ECG did not correlate well with intracoronary myocardial perfusion images. In conclusion, total RCA occlusion patients with well developed collateral circulation had large area of viable myocardial in the corresponding territory.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.40-68
• /
• 2001

In this study, grade of subjective symptom appealed by laborer of Jeollabuk-do was evaluated using questionary regarding factor made effect on musculoskeletal disease and in addition, studied relationship with health promotion life style of them. Based on the result, relationship of general characteristics of musculoskeletal subjective symptom and life-style of the subjects was concluded as below. 1. General characteristics of study subjects were as following. Ratio of male was higher as 57.7% of male and 42.2% female and age distribution was 5.1% of 20s, 34.99% of 30s, 36.3% of 40s and 23.7% of 50s and therefore, $30{\sim}40$ aged groups showed highest ratio. Most subjects (74.9%) was married status and in case of education level, high-school graduate and dropout (23.3%) and over-college graduate (46.8%) showed highest distribution. $1{\sim}2$ Mil. KRW (29.5%) and $2{\sim}2.99$ Mil. KRW (21.2%) is the main income distribution and however there was high ratio of non-reply (29.0%). In case of employment period, $10{\sim}14$ years (15.3%) and over 15 years (29.6%) showed highest ratio and there were many non-reply (39.4%) and in addition, 67.6% replied as own house and 14.3% as lease on deposit base in question of residence type. 2. Subjects showed high ratio of subjective symptom appeal of 62.79% and many cases (50.23%) appealed 1 or 2 symptoms. Symptom by body region was 29.8% (waist), 27% (shoulder), 21.2% (knee), 15.5% (neck), 9.5% (ankle), 8.1% (wrist) and 5.0% (elbow) in order. In case of relationship with general characteristics, female comparing with male, non-residence of own house, subjects with lower education level and employment period of $10{\sim}14$ years showed higher appeal rate and kind of symptoms than others. Therefore, it was concluded that rate of musculoskeletal symptom appeal have close relationship with gender, level of living, education level, age and employment period. 3. In case of severe pain of upper body except waist and ankle, it was appealed in both or right side and it means that upper body pain is originated from right side and right region pain is transited to both region pain. In addition, there was 39.41% of non-reply to existence of right-left region pain and therefore, it was evaluated that, in may cases, there was no awareness of their own symptom condition even on subjective symptom. 4. Degree of pain was, as pain over middle level, evaluated as 2.79 on full mark of 4.0 and in order of waist (2.97), ankle (2.83), knee (2.82), wrist (2.82), neck (2.79), shoulder (2.70) and elbow (2.62). In addition, 71.97% appealed $2{\sim}3$ cases for the latest 1 week. Owing to subjective symptom, 54.95% drop into hospital or pharmacy, 10.32% made temporary retirement or absence, 7.99% transferred into more comfortable duty and $39.4{\sim}54%$ experienced one or more managing mentioned above. 5. Fulfillment of health promotion life style of subjects was evaluated on full mark of 4.0 and total score was 2.63. Average mark of each area was personal relationship (3.05), self-realization (2.92), stress management (2.63), health control (2.48), physical exercise (2.19) and nutrition management (2.19) and personal relationship was highest and physical exercise and nutrition management were lowest. As general characteristics influencing health promotion life style, gender, residence style and employment period showed significant difference. Male showed higher mark than female and showed higher mark in order of own house, others, lease on deposit base, monthly rent. Subjects with longer employment period showed higher mark with significant difference. 6. Accounting of factor influencing each area of health promotion life style, self-realization showed significance in marriage status, income, residence style and education level and health control in age, residence style and employment period. Physical exercise showed significant difference in gender, age, residence style and employment period and nutrition in gender, age, residence style and employment period. Stress management showed significant difference in residence style and employment period and however not in personal relationship. 7. Health promotion life style relating with existence and kind of pain showed significant difference in all area except personal relationship area. In absence of pain, there was statistically significant high score in all area even in total health promotion life style and all area. Accounting of kind of pain, cases of $1{\sim}2$ kinds of pain and $5{\sim}6$ kinds of pain showed relatively high score and it was lower than mark of subject stated absence of pain. 8. Subjects appeal symptom were classified by symptom region and difference of total and each areas were evaluated. General area (p=0.002), self-realization (p=0.012), health management (p=0.023), physical exercise (p=0.028), nutrition management (p=0.028) and stress control (p=0.001) showed statistically significant difference and not in personal relationship area. Especially, elbow, shoulder and neck area marked high and group appealed pain of knee, arm and elbow, foot and ankle marked low. Based on those results, subjective symptom should be accounted seriously in diagnosis of occupational musculoskeletal disease of laborer and among subjective symptom, general characteristics of gender, age, condition of living, education level and employment period make effect. Generally subject appeal symptom marked lower than subject without symptom appeal and it means that life management of subject appealing musculoskeletal pain make important role in management and treatment of occupational musculoskeletal disease.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 디지털 흉부 방사선 영상에서 한국인 성인 남성을 대상으로 자세(흉부 후-전과 전-후 촬영)와 연령에 따른 심장 크기 및 심흉비의 정상범위와 자세 및 연령 변화에 따른 상호 호환할 수 있는 변환율을 제시하고자 한다. 2014년 1월부터 12월까지 건강검진센터에서 같은 날에 흉부 후-전 촬영(chest PA)과 흉부 저선량 전산화단층촬영을 실시한 수진자 중 정상으로 판독된 1,300명에서 연구 목적에 적합한 남성 1,024명을 대상으로 하였다. 심장 크기(CS)와 심흉비(CTR) 측정은 Danzer의 방법을 이용하였다. 본 연구 결과, 한국 남성의 Chest PA 및 AP영상에서 CS와 CTR의 정상범위는 Chest PA의 경우 CS 135.48 mm, CTR 43.99％이었으며, Chest AP 영상에서 CS는 155.96 mm, CTR은 51.75％로 나타났다. CS와 CTR의 평균값 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.01). Chest PA와 AP영상에서 심장 좌 우측은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). CS의 경우는 Chest PA(p>0.05)와 Chest AP(p<0.05)에서 통계적 유의성의 차이를 보였다. 흉곽크기와 CTR은 Chest PA와 AP 모두에서 연령변화에 따른 통계적으로 유의한 평균값의 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 본 연구 결과 Chest PA보다 Chest AP영상에서 CS는 약 15%, CTR은 17% 확대되었고, 모든 연령에서 자세변화에 따른 CS와 CTR은 약 10%의 차이를 보였다.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2019

이 연구는 노년기 인지기능 및 생리적 건강상태와 관련 있는 정량화 뇌파의 Alpha 고유리듬 피크 위치 및 진폭의 출현 유무가 정신적·육체적 스트레스, 주의집중 등의 뇌파 지표들과 심박변이도 지표 간에 어떠한 관련성과 임상적 의미가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 평균 73세 남녀 노인 76명을 대상으로 전두엽 2채널 뇌파와 1채널 심전도를 동시에 측정 가능한 장치를 이용하여 폐안시 EEG, HRV를 측정하였다. 의미있는 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, Alpha 고유리듬피크 위치와 상관없이 고유리듬 진폭이 높게 잘 나타난 집단은 낮은 집단에 비해 정신적 스트레스에 대한 저항도는 높고, 육체적 스트레스는 낮게 나타나는 상관성을 보였다. 두 번째, 심박변이도의 HRV index, SDNN, RMSSD 지표는 집단 구분에 상관없이 공통적으로 서로 간 높은 양의 상관성을 보였다. 세 번째, Alpha 고유리듬 진폭이 잘 나타나지 않은 집단에서 좌·우뇌 Alpha 비대칭이 커질수록 육체적 스트레스를 반영하는 Delta/Alpha 비율과 주의집중 저하를 반영하는 Theta/SMR 비율도 커지는 상관성을 보였다. 네 번째, Alpha 고유리듬피크가 느린 리듬쪽에 위치한 집단은 빠른 리듬 쪽에 위치한 집단에 비해 Theta/SMR 비율이 높게 나타나 주의집중도 저하와 관련이 있음을 의미하였다. 따라서 정량화 뇌파의 Alpha 고유리듬 피크 위치 및 진폭의 출현 유무는 노년기 인지기능 및 생리적 건강상태를 반영하는 지표로 활용 가능성이 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 1998

당뇨식이로 추천된 5가지의 식단과 설문조사에서 가장 많이 이용하는 한국식단 설문조사 결과에서 가정식 10가지와 외식 9가지 식단을 선정하여 원칙적으로 500$\pm$10 ㎉가 되도록 식단을 작성하였다. 남녀 정상인에게 섭취시킨 후 섬취전, 섭취후 15분, 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분에 혈당을 조사하고 glycemic index(GI)를 계산하였다. 당뇨식으로 추천된 식단과 일반 가정 식단간 혈당 반응에는 큰 차이가 없이 일반적으로 곡류군의 단위수가 적으면 GI가 낮았으며 곡류군의 단위수가 같을 때는 반찬의 종류에 따라 혈당반응에 큰 영향을 주었다. 곡류군에서는 밀가루 분식이 혈당상승 억제효과가 컸고 잡곡은 보리와 현미가 GI를 낮추는데 효과적이었는데 보리가 현미보다 약간 더 좋았다. 보리나 현미는 15%정도 이상 혼식하여야 효과가 있으며 5% 이하는 효과를 인정할 수 없었다. 백미로 3단위 이상의 곡류군 섭취시는 혈당 상승이 높았으며 채소군의 섭취량과는 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. GI는 식사후 30분 후의 혈당치와 RAR과는 고도로 유의성 있는 상관관계가 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.401-412
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku and association of Ryodoraku with gastric dysmotility in functional dyspepsia(FD). Methods : Subjects were 154 patients with FD and 18 patients with asthma. We calculated the average Ryodoraku score(RS, ${\mu}A$) and each variation from physiologic range of 12 Ryodoraku points, and investigated the incidence when left and right points were simultaneously below(bilateral deficiency) or above(bilateral excess) physiologic range. Postprandial regularity of normal slow waves, power ratio, and postprandial % of bowel sound were obtained by electrogastrography and enterotachography, and were used as gastric dysmotility index. Results : 1. Bilateral excess of H4, H5, F1, and F4 and bilateral deficiency of H4, H5, and H6 were characteristic in FD compared with asthma patients. 2. Incidence of gastric dysmotility in bilateral deficiency of H4, H5, and H6 was 100%, and was higher than in total FD patients(88.3%). 3. There was a positive correlation between the variation of H6 and % postprandial bowel sound. 4. Deficient tendency of H4, H5, and H6 was more evident when RS was above $40{\mu}A$ in FD. Conclusions : These findings suggest that gastric dysmotility in FD can be diagnosed when a pattern of H4, H5, H6 bilateral deficiency and F1, F4 bilateral excess is shown at the same time. We think this phenomenon is related to low activity of the vagus nerve rather than meridian pathway with result based on positive correlation between variation of H6 and postprandial % of bowel sound.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effectiveness of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture complex therapy on peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : We investigated 30 cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy, and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment without Bee Venom pharmacopuncture therapy. To investigate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System at baseline, 3 weeks and final. Results : 1. Male, Female is same ratio in distribution of sex, the number of left side is more than that of right side in distribution of lesion, the average age is 49.33. 2. Pain back of the ear showed the highest frequency among Bell's palsy related symptoms at onset, the overwork was a major cause of Bell's palsy in distribution of cause. 3. As a result of evaluation by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System, treatment score after 3weeks was marked higher than that before treatment and treatment score after final treatment was also marked higher than that after 3weeks within each group. 4. After final treatment, Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy group showed signficant difference on Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with Acupuncture therapy group. Conclusions : Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy can be available for relieving symptoms related with peripheral facial paralysis.