• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

목적: 안경광학과 재학생의 안경원 창업교육 요구도에 관한 기초 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 경기도 소재 3개 대학의 안경광학과 재학생 287명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 SPSS 통계분석을 하였다. 결과: 대부분의 학생들(94.4%)은 창업교육을 받아 본 경험이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 안경원 창업교육 요구도는 89.9%로 매우 높게 나타났으며 학년에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01). 창업교육 희망경로는 학교의 특강형식과 외부특강을 선호하였으며 연령에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 창업교육 항목의 중요도는 '안경원 장소선정을 위한 자료 및 전략'에서 가장 높게 나타났다. '안경원 장소선정을 위한 자료 및 전략'과 '안경테, 렌즈, 콘택트렌즈 구입정보'의 중요도는 시력교정의 여부(p<0.001, p<0.05)와 안경사친인척 유무(p<0.05, p<0.001)에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다. '안경원 고객관리 및 홍보방안'의 중요도는 시력교정의 여부에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론: 경기지역 안경광학과 학생들의 안경원 창업교육 요구도는 매우 높았으며 이들의 요구를 반영한 창업교육이 요구된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

Bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) can be different depending on soil pH. For this reason, main purpose of this research was to compare bioavailability of Cd and As in agricultural field under varied soil pH and different extractants. Bioavailable fraction of Cd and As in soil was extracted with $CaCl_2$, $NaNO_3$, DTPA, EDTA, and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs). Soil samples and cultivated crops were collected at the range of soil pH 4.5-8.5 and correlation analysis was conducted between bioavailable fraction of Cd and As in soil and total concentration of Cd and As in crops. Results showed that concentration of Cd and As in acidic soil was ranged $0.002-0.462mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.041-4.903mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. In alkaline condition, concentration of Cd and As were ranged $0.006-0.351mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.039-2.807mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. Comparing bioavailable fraction of Cd and As in acidic and alkaline soil condition, higher concentration was measured in acidic condition. Similarly, higher average concentration of Cd and Asin crops was observed in acidic condition (0.398 and $0.751mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively) than alkaline condition (0.248 and $0.264mg\;kg^{-1}$). Among different extractants, LMWOAs method showed higher correlation ($r^2=0.545$) for Cd in acidic condition indicating that LMWOAs method could be applied for evaluating bioavailability of Cd in acidic soil. However, no high correlation was observed for As in both acidic and alkaline condition. Overall, bioavailable fraction of Cd and As can be higher in acidic condition of soil than alkaline condition resulting higher uptake of Cd and As from soil to crops. Therefore, efficient best management practice (BMPs) for Cd and As in acidic soil should be conducted for minimizing uptake of Cd and As into crops.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2019

Objectives: The seeds from Arctium lappa have been considered for its various pharmacological properties, which include anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-viral activities. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanol extract from the seeds of Arctium lappa L (EAL) on cytokine-induced vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results: Pretreatment with EAL significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$)-induced cell adhesion molecules expression such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and endothelial-selectin (E-selectin) in a dose-dependent manner. Cell adhesion assay showed that pretreatment with EAL suppressed HUVEC-monocyte adhesion by $TNF-{\alpha}$ over $1{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. We investigated the involvement of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) in $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced vascular inflammation. $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 nuclear expression was induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$, however, pretreatment with EAL was attenuated that nuclear translocation. In cytoplasm, EAL was also attenuated $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced decrease of inhibitor of ${\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) expression. Moreover, EAL significantly decreased $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that seeds of Arctium lappa L could be a therapeutic herb for prevention of cardiovascular diseases throughout the inhibition of vascular endothelial inflammation.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2019

The phototrophic dinoflagellate Biecheleriopsis adriatica is a small suessioid species characterized by a fragile thin wall. Although the morphology of this dinoflagellate is well established, there is currently little information available on its distribution and the environmental factors that influence this distribution. Thus, to investigate the spatial and seasonal distributions of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica in Korean waters, surface water samples were collected on a seasonal basis from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Sea of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018, and abundances of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, for which we developed the species-specific primer and probe set. Simultaneously, major environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured. The vegetative cells of B. adriatica were detected at 20 of the 28 sampling stations: 19 stations in summer and 6 in autumn, although from no stations in either spring or winter. The ranges of water temperature and salinity at sites where this species was detected were $17.7-26.4^{\circ}C$ and 9.9-34.3, respectively, whereas those of nitrate and phosphate concentrations were not detectable-96.2 and $0.18-2.66{\mu}M$, respectively. Thus, the sites at which this species is found are characterized by a narrow range of temperature, but wide ranges of salinity and concentrations of nitrate and phosphate. The highest abundance of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica was $41.7cells\;mL^{-1}$, which was recorded in Jinhae Bay in July 2018. In Jinhae Bay, the abundance of vegetative cells was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of nitrate, but was negatively correlated with salinity. On the basis of these findings, it appears that the abundance of B. adriatica vegetative cells shows strong seasonality, and in Jinhae Bay, could be affected by the concentrations of nitrate.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2019

Background: Recently, the number of lung transplants in South Korea has increased. However, the long-term outcome data is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of adult lung transplantation recipients. Methods: Among the patients that underwent lung transplantation at a tertiary referral center in South Korea between 2008 and 2017, adults patient who underwent deceased-donor lung transplantation with available follow-up data were enrolled. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Through eligibility screening, we identified 60 adult patients that underwent lung (n=51) or heart-lung transplantation (n=9) during the observation period. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (46.7%, 28/60) was the most frequent cause of lung transplantation. For all the 60 patients, the median follow-up duration for post-transplantation was 2.6 years (range, 0.01-7.6). During the post-transplantation follow-up period, 19 patients (31.7%) died at a median duration of 194 days. The survival rates were 75.5%, 67.6%, and 61.8% at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. Out of the 60 patients, 8 (13.3%) were diagnosed with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), after a mean duration of $3.3{\pm}2.8years$ post-transplantation. The CLAD development rate was 0%, 17.7%, and 25.8% at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. The most common newly developed post-transplantation comorbidity was the chronic kidney disease (CKD; 54.0%), followed by diabetes mellitus (25.9%). Conclusion: Among the adult lung transplantation recipients at a South Korea tertiary referral center, the long-term survival rates were favorable. The proportion of patients who developed CLAD was not substantial. CKD was the most common post-transplantation comorbidity.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

The mixotrophic dinoflagellate Tripos furca causes red tides in the waters of many countries. To understand its population dynamics, mortality due to predation as well as growth rate should be assessed. Prior to the present study, the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Noctiluca scintillans, Polykrikos kofoidii, Protoperidinium steinii, and mixotrophic dinoflagellate Fragilidium subglobosum were known to ingest T. furca. However, if other common heterotrophic protists are able to feed on T. furca has not been tested. We explored interactions between T. furca and nine heterotrophic dinoflagellates and one naked ciliate. Furthermore, we investigated the abundance of T. furca and common heterotrophic protists in coastal-offshore waters off Yeosu, southern Korea, on Jul 31, 2020, during its red tide. Among the tested heterotrophic protists, the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Aduncodinium glandula, Luciella masanensis, and Pfiesteria piscicida were able to feed on T. furca. However, the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gyrodiniellum shiwhaense, Gyrodinium dominans, Gyrodinium jinhaense, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Oblea rotunda, Oxyrrhis marina, and the naked ciliate Rimostrombidium sp. were unable to feed on it. However, T. furca did not support the growth of A. glandula, L. masanensis, or P. piscicida. Red tides dominated by T. furca prevailed in the South Sea of Korea from Jun 30 to Sep 5, 2020. The maximum abundance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the waters off Yeosu on Jul 31, 2020, was as low as 5.0 cells mL-1, and A. glandula, L. masanensis, and P. piscicida were not detected. Furthermore, the abundances of the known predators F. subglobosum, N. scintillans, P. kofoidii, and Protoperidinium spp. were very low or negligible. Therefore, no or low abundance of effective predators might be partially responsible for the long duration of the T. furca red tides in the South Sea of Korea in 2020.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 발효노니를 건강기능식품 소재로 활용 시 기초자료로 제공하고자 발효노니 추출물 및 지표성분의 면역활성 증진 효과를 평가하였다. RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 발효노니 추출물 및 지표성분 6종을 처리하여 XTT 세포독성평가, Nitric Oxide 생성 측정, Cyokine 생성 측정, immune marker genes 발현분석 수행하였다. 뿐만 아니라 양성대조군으로 LPS와 기능성 원료로 사용되고 있는 발효홍삼 추출물을 사용하였다. 그 결과 모든 처리 농도 및 처리군에서 세포독성이 관찰되지 않았으며, 지표성분 6종 중 SCP 및 ASE에서 NO 생성이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라 ASE 처리군에서는 IL-6 및 IL-1β의 생성이 증가되었으며, iNOS 및 TNF-α의 immune marker genes 발현이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 발효노니 추출물 효능 평가에서는 발효시 NO 생성 및 IL-6, IL-1β의 생성, COX2의 발현이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 발효노니 추출물 및 지표성분의 선천면역 활성증가를 타나내며 노니 및 발효노니 표준화 연구에서 지표성분으로 사용 가능성을 제시한다. 따라서 발효노니는 면역증진 활성을 갖는 제품 개발에 있어서 유용한 기능성 식품소재로써 사용될 수 있으며, 우수한 효능을 나타내는 지표성분은 유용성분으로 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

Objectives : Ojeoksan, originally recorded in an ancient Korean medicinal book named "Donguibogam" and has been used for the treatment of circulation disorder of blood which was called blood accumulation (血積) in Korean medicine. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the beneficial effect of OJS on vascular inflammation in HUVECs. Methods : We evaluated the effect of OJS on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and protective role in HUVEC stimulated by TNF-${\alpha}$ by using Western blot. Results : Pretreatment with OJS decreased the adhesion of HL-60 cells to TNF-${\alpha}$-induced HUVEC. OJS suppressed TNF-${\alpha}$-induced expression level of cell adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and endothelial cell selectin (E-selectin). Moreover, OJS significantly decreased TNF-${\alpha}$-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS); and inhibited the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ in the cytoplasm compared to the experimental group. Pretreatment with OJS inhibited the trans-location of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 to the nucleus. OJS also inhibited phosphorylation of MAPKs compared to the experimental group. OJS significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Conclusions : Ojeoksan has a protective effect on vascular inflammation, and might be a potential therapeutic agent for early atherosclerosis.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

제외국에는 지정되었지만 국내에는 아직 미지정된 식품첨가물의 종류가 많다. 전세계적으로 가공식품이 꾸준히 개발됨에 따라 새로운 유형의 가공식품의 등장이 증가하고 있으며, 국가별로 수출입에 관한 법률 규정이 상이하여 우리나라에서는 안전성 검정 및 사용량 제한이 되어있지 않은 식품첨가물을 이용한 새로운 가공식품이 국내 수입식품 중 혼입되어 유통될 수 있다. 이에 따라 국민의 안전한 먹거리를 보장하기 위한 지속적인 모니터링을 하기 위하여 미지정 식품첨가물의 분석법 개발이 필요하다. 본 고에서는 학계에서 진행된 분석법 개발과 검증에 대한 연구를 소개하였으며, 선행연구에서 제시된 분석법을 활용하여 분석법 개발을 진행하였다. 첫 번째 소개된 12가지 식품 착색료에 대한 동시분석법은 선행연구 분석법의 재현이 용이하였지만, 두 번째 소개된 유화제의 분석법은 일반적인 연구실에는 구비되지 않은 고가의 장비를 이용한 분석법에 대해 활용이 불가하고, 선행 연구된 간행물이 오래되어 재현이 어려운 문제점이 있었다. 가공식품 시장이 커지면서 식품첨가물이 신생되기도 하고, 까다로운 분석물질이 등장함에 따라 미지정 식품첨가물의 분석법 개발 연구는 중요하다. 따라서 이에 관련된 국가기관(식약처 등)과 산업계, 연구계, 학계에서는 미지정 식품첨가물의 분석법 개발에 대한 끊임없는 연구 진행이 필요하며, 본 연구 분야의 발전 가능성은 무궁무진할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.84-84
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• 2020

염증 (Inflammation)은 병원체, 손상된 세포, 자극물질 등으로 인한 손상에 대해 작용하여 조직이나 장기의 손상을 재생하는 작용으로써 신체 방어 기전들 가운데 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 염증반응이 과다할 경우 각종 염증성 질환 혹은 암 등을 유발하는 원인으로 발전할 수 있어 항염증제의 개발은 전 세계적으로 중요시되고 있다. 선천적 면역을 담당하는 대식세포는 lipopolysaccharide(LPS), 활성산소 (ROS) 등에 의해 자극되어 염증인자 생성에 관여한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항염증 소재 개발을 목표로 하며, 국내 천연소재를 활용한 기능성 항염증 소재로 전북 순창군에서 재배된 초석잠(Stachys Sieboldii MIQ.)과 돼지감자 (Helianthus tuberosus L.)를 이용하여 항산화 활성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 대식세포주를 활용한 세포독성 및 항염증 활성에 대한 효능을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는, 전북 순창 지역에서 재배 된 초석잠과 돼지감자를 사용하여 각 조건의 추출 용매, 온도, 시간별 추출물의 Total polyphenol 함량 평가를 통한 최적 추출조건 선정을 진행하고, 선정된 추출조건의 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정하기 위해 DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 분석 및 Total flavonoids 함량 분석을 통해 항산화 효능 평가를 진행하였다. 또한 항염증 소재로의 활용을 위해 대식세포인 Raw 264.7을 사용하여 농도별 MTT assay를 진행하여 세포독성 평가를 진행하였고, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성억제 효능을 확인하여 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, Total polyphenol 함량 분석을 통해 최적 추출조건이 선정된 초석잠 (25℃, 주정 60%, 3 h), 돼지감자 (25℃, 주정 40%, 1 h)은 최적 조건에서 약 58 mg GAE/g 및 158 mg GAE/g의 총 폴리페놀 함량을 보였으며, DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 및 Total flavonoids 함량 분석한 결과, 초석잠이 돼지감자보다 더 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 대식세포 실험에서의 추출물 처리군의 세포독성 측정 결과, 100 ug/mL 이내의 농도에서 독성활성이 나타나지 않음을 확인하였고, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제활성 측정을 통해 LPS 처리군 대비 접종량 100 ug/mL 기준 각각 초석잠 약 47%, 돼지감자 약 49% 수준의 항염증 활성을 확인하였다.