• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.138-140
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• 2002

The spinal cord dose is the one of the limiting factor for the radiation treatment of the head & neck (H&N) or the thorax region. Due to the fact that the cord is the elongated shaped structure, it is not an easy task to maintain the cord dose within the clinically acceptable dose range. To overcome this problem, the spinal cord partial block technique (PBT) with the dynamic Multi-Leaf Collimator (dMLC) has been developed. Three dimension (3D) conformal beam directions, which minimize the coverage of the normal organs such as the lung and the parotid gland, were chosen. The PBT field shape for each field was designed to shield the spinal cord with the dMLC. The transmission factors were determined by the forward calculation method. The plan comparisons between the conventional 3D conformal therapy plan and the PTB plan were performed to evaluate the validity of this technique. The conformity index (CI) and the dose volume histogram (DVH) were used as the plan comparison indices. A series of quality assurance (QA) was performed to guarantee the reliable treatment. The QA consisted of the film dosimetry for the verification of the dose distribution and the point measurements. The PBT plan always generated better results than the conventional 3D conformal plan. The PBT was proved to be useful for the H&N and thorax region.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1999

The major purpose of this study wa to desgin a external metadata of National Geography Institute(NGI) for the effective management and distribution of the digital maps. For designing a standard external metadata reflecting the current trends of the international organizations on standardization, a prelimenary study was made mainly concentrating on the analysis of the metadata of the developed countries along with domestic cases. For better assessing NGI needs, all the metadata related material of the NGI were collected and classified based on the NGI's workflow. The external metadata draft was made considering the results from the analysis of the existing NGI material and the draft was also cited some major cores from the ISO standards. Continuous efforts should be made in the future to update the metadata draft based on the opinions from the NGI engineers and the technical trends of the international organizations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP) is a novel IL-7-like hematopoietic cytokine. Human TSLP is produced by epithelial cells, stromal cells, and mast cells. The TSLP gene is highly expressed in synovial fluid specimens derived from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We previously identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one variation site in human TSLP gene. In this study, we analyzed the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the TSLP SNPs between RA patients and healthy controls. We also investigated the relationships between SNP genotypes and the RF levels and anti-synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) levels in RA patients. We then calculated the haplotype frequencies defined by these SNPs for both groups. The genotype and allele frequencies of the TSLP SNPs did not differ significantly between the RA patients and the healthy controls. We also found that TSLP SNPs in the RA patients had no significant association with the levels of RF or anti-CCP. Our results suggest that TSLP SNPs are not associated with susceptibility to RA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.673-677
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• 1996

Four low fat ground beef groups containing 10% fat plus 0, 5, 10 and 20% additional cooked old rice and a control ground beef containing 30% fat were prepared and their cholesterol contents, calories and production costs were investigated to find out the appropriateness of addition of cooked old rice. There were no differences in pHs with the variations in fat content and the content of cooked old rice. As the amount of added cooked old rice increased from 5 to 20%, cook yield of ground beef also increased. When the fat content of beef was reduced from 30 to 10%, the cholesterol content of beef was not reduced but with the fat content fixed to 10% and the content of added cooked old rice increased from 5 to 20%, the cholesterol content of ground beef decreased. Calories of ground beef were reduced by approximately 50% with the reduction of fat content from 30 to 10% and production costs decreased with the increase in the content of added cooked old rice.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 1991

The reduction mechanism at a mercury electrode of o-cresolphthalexon(OCP) in strongly alkaline supporting electrolytes has been investigated by several electrochemical techniques. The radical formed after first one electron reduction uptake, dimerizes. The result of cyclic voltammetric investigation demonstrated the reversible nature of the electron transfer and standard rate constant was $3.27{\times}10^{-2}$ cm/sec. The apparent irreversible behavior of the second wave is a result of the existence of a fast protonation following the second electron transfer. At low concentration of OCP(< $1{\times}10^{-4}$M), cathodic current were remarkably adsorptive properties. Prolonged electrolysis was carried out at controlled potential of -1.85V, original violet color of the solution becames progressively weaker, and then colorless solution. The final product of an exhaustive electrolysis is electro-inactive. The appearence of four steps may be explained by the fact that the reduction of OCP elucidated ECEC mechanism.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.193-205
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• 2011

This paper suggests $p$-facility locations in $m$ candidate locations and $n$ areas in optimal cost side(population${\times}$shortest distance). This problem has been classified by NP-complete because there is not a polynomial time algorithm. In this paper, we suggests reverse-delete method that deletes a candidate facility one by one from $p=m$ until $p=2$. As a result of the proposed algorithm for the $5{\times}5$ and $7{\times}7$, the initial solution is obtained. For the Swain's 55-node network, we obtain the optimal solution through a solution improvement process with $p=4$ and it by using the initial solution with $p=5$.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2014

The design of a fuel cells stack is important to get optimal output power. This study focuses on the evaluation of fuel cell system for unmaned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Low temperature proton exchange membrane (LTPEM) fuel cells are the most promising energy source for the robot applications because of their unique advantages such as high energy density, cold startup, and quick response during operation. In this paper, a 600 W open cathode LTPEM fuel cell was tested to evaluate the performance and to determine optimal operating conditions. The open cathode design reduces the overall size of the system to meet the requirement for robotic application. The cruise power requirement of 600 W was supported entirely by the fuel cell while the additional power requirements during takeoff was extended using a battery. A peak of power of 900 W is possible for 10 mins with a lithium polymer (LiPo) battery. The system was evaluated under various load cycles as well as start-stop cycles. The system response from no load to full load meets the robot platform requirement. The total weigh of the stack was 2 kg, while the overall system, including the fuel processing system and battery, was 4 kg.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.1-5
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of IPBC(3-lodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate) on dandruff caused by the anthropophilic fungus Malassezia furfur. The effects of IPBC on dandruff were examined by evaluating (a) the MIC value of IPBC using broth dilution method; (b) the remnant antimicrobial activity of IPBC containing shampoo on skin disc; (c) the antidandruff efficacy of 1.0 % IPBC containing shampoo in double blind clinical trial. To investigate the remnant antimicrobial activity of IPBC against Malassezia furfur, guinea pig-skin disc was washed with antidandruff shampoo and then the diameter of inhibition zone per disc was measured. For clinical trial, thirty healthy volunteers, aged 25-35, participated in 4 week study. At 0, 2, 4 weeks, examinations of scaling, itching on scalp were carried out. The MIC(Minimun Inhibition Concentration) values of IPBC range from 0.10 to 1.00${\mu}g/ml$ and it seems that IPBC is more effective in the MIC values than zinc pyrithione, selenium disulphide, piroctone olamine and comparable to ketoconazole, climbazole. When the remnant antimicrobial activity of IPBC shampoo on skin disc was determined, 0.5% IPBC shampoo and 2.0% Ketoconazole shampoo resulted in similar antimicrobial effect. In addition, 1.0%, 2.0% IPBC shampoo was more effective than 2.0% ketoconazole shampoo. After two and four-weeks of 1.0% IPBC shampoo treatment, there was significant reduction of scaling, itching in test group compared to control group. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that 1.0% IPBC is more effective than 2.0% Ketoconazole in reducing dandruff. It seems that strong capacity of drug binding to the stratum corneum plays a role in its antidandruff effect since adsorption of active ingredients on scalp is very important factor in reducing dandruff.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2002

In this paper, we studied the consciousness of Fisheries high school students Through these kinds of works, this paper will focus on how to activate the Fisheries high school in Kyungbuk province. Primarily, research of the consciousness of people living in the fisheries community of the Kyungbuk coast has been engaged in fisheries. Secondly, research is done the consciousness of Fisheries high school students. Thirdly, research of consciousness of neighboring middle school teachers. Finally, searching for reform measures toward activating Fisheries high schools in the whole country. The conclusions of the study were as follows: First, the proper view of fisheries should be settled again. The understandings of basic knowledge about maritime affairs and fisheries in the stages of elementary schools and middle schools are needed. Secondly, in order to find a way out of the difficulties in fishering villages, governmental financial support has to be presente. from the view of fisher folks who are engaged in the fisheries. Thirdly, larger portions of economic value should be allocated to fisheries villages by improving fisheries structure of the fishery. Actually, lower incomes have burdened fisheries villagers with more debts. Fourthly, academic and care counseling must concentrate on the diversification of courses after graduation from fisheries high schools. Realistically, students of fisheries high schools are longing to enter into universities. Fifthly, reorganization of specialized highschool systems, changes of titles of schools and reconstruction of departments should be steadily carried out. Finally, high morale of fisheries highschool teachers should be revised using various steps. They didn't appear to be proud of their teaching jobs. Supervisors ought to exchange their opinions with teachers for the purpose of development of fisheries high schools.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify the causal relationship developmental activity of the marine sports among the educational value and barrier's factors in a middle school teachers in Busan. Responses were collected from 352 questionnaires which participated in the survey chosen by convenient sampling from the middle school teachers who working the area of Busan. A total of 338 responses were used in data analysis; 14 questionnaires were excluded form data analysis because of incomplete or missing data. To conduct this study the multiple regression analysis was used by SPSS 10.0. The result of this study disclosed; first, The factors of educational value such as self-concept development, collaboration, human relationship, and emotional development were statistically causal relationship with the developmental activity of the marine sports. The other factors of creativity, leisure activity, and health were not statistically causal relationship with the development activity of the marine sports. Second, the barrier's factors of facility and weather were statistically causal relationship with the developmental activity of the marine sports. The other barrier's factors of safety accident, program, and participation expense were not statistically causal relationship with the developmental activity of the marine sports.