• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

PURPOSE: This paper aims to present the available angle to evaluate the severity of forward head posture (FHP) with the observation method and photographic method. METHODS: A cross-sectional observation research design study consisted of 29 subjects who was divided two groups (slight FHP group, moderate FHP group) in Eulji university was used. We evaluated the FHP and the angles including CranioVertebral Angle (CVA), Head Tilting Angle (HTA), Head Position Angle (HPA) and Forward Shoulder Angle (FSA) with the Body style S-8.0 (South Korea, LU Commerce). RESULTS: The mean of CVA, FSA from the slight FHP group was shown higher than moderate severe FHP group. According to independent t-test result, but there was no difference among all angles in two groups. The linear discriminate analysis showed the size of distinction of FSA was the biggest, and then CVA, HTA and HPA were in the order. 55.6% of FSA is properly classified in the slight FHP group. CONCLUSION: The FSA is the best to distinguish the severity of FHP and then CVA as the second best. Therefore, FSA is recommended to check the FHP.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.559-564
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• 2011

For the safety of railway, it should be evaluated for the running safety by measuring the derailment coefficient. Although railway has run the fixed and maintained rail, some of railway is derailed. This report shows the results that performed the static load test, main line running test on the basis of the derailment theory and experience. It is executed main line test into more than 90km/h for estimating the curving performance and running safety of depressed center flat car of 3-axle bogie. As the test results, could confirm the curving performance and running safety of depressed center fiat car of 3-axle bogie from the results of the wheel unloading, lateral force, derailment coefficient etc. Derailment coefficient was less than 0.6, and lateral force allowance limit and wheel load reduction ratio were enough safe.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.565-571
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• 2011

Because most fatigue cracks in wheel and rail take place by rolling contact of wheel and rail in railroad industry, it is critical to understand the rolling contact phenomena, especially for the three-dimensional situation. This paper presents an approach to steady-state rolling contact problem of three-dimensional contact bodies, with or without tangential force, based on the finite element method. The steady-state conditions are controlled by the applied relative slip and tangential force. The three-dimensional distribution of tangential traction and contact stresses on the contact surface are investigated. Results show that the distribution of tangential traction and contact stresses on the contact surface varies rapidly as a result of the variation of stick-slip region. The tangential traction is very close in form to Carter's distribution.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1996

The CINC-1 is a member of rat interleukin-8 with chemotactic and activating properties to neutrophils. The CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages was analyzed using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The peritoneal macrophages contained about 3 ng/ml as a basal level, and induced to maximal 18 ng/ml of CINC-1 by stimulation with 5 ${\mu}g/ml$ of LPS. Antiinflammatory steroids of dexamethasone and triamcinolon significantly suppressed the CINC-1 induction, where as aspirin and idomethacin did not show suppression. Inhibitory effects on the CINC-1 induction by natural triterpenoids having steroidal structures were analyzed. Among the 39 kinds of triterpenoids isolated from herbal medicines, acacigenin B and nigaichigoside F1 exhibited the highest suppression on the CINC-1 induction.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2004

Through in vitro screening for biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Streptomyces scabiei causing potato (Solanum tuberosum) common scab, 19 streptomycete and 17 fungal isolates with antagonistic activity were selected as BCA candidates. For the selection of BCA candidates which are highly resistant to 10 kinds of antibiotics or pesticides, chemical susceptibility testing was initially performed in vitro. A remarkable degree of variation in susceptibility to antibiotics or pesticides was observed among the isolates tested. Streptomycete A020645 isolate was highly resistant to all the tested chemicals except neomycin up to 5,000 ppm. On the other hand, out of 36 antagonistic microbes subjected to in vivo pot tests using cultivar Daejima, four streptomycete isolates namely, A020645, A010321, A010564, and A020973, showed high antagonistic activity with >60% and 55% control value, respectively, and high chemical resistance to 10 kinds of chemicals. Therefore, these isolates were selected as potential BCAs for the control of potato common scab.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2008

From the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), fifteen saponins were isolated and identified as astragaloside I (1), isoastragaloside II (2), astragaloside II (3), agroastragaloside I (4), cyclogaleginoside B (5), cycloaraloside A (6), brachyoside B (7), agroastragaloside II (8), astragaloside III (9), astragaloside IV (10), astramembranoside A (11), astramembranoside B (12), cylocanthoside E (13), cyclounifolioside B (14) and azukisaponin V methyl ester (15) by spectroscopic methods. Ten compounds 1 - 3, 5 - 7, 9 - 11 and 14 have cycloastragenol as an aglycon, and four compounds 4, 8 , 12, and 13 have cyclocanthogenin as an aglycon. The hairy roots of A. membranaceus were shown to produce previously unreported cycloartane-type saponins such as agroastragalosides I (4) and II (8) and cycloastragenol $3-O-{\beta}-D-xyloside$ (5), together with the known saponins. This is the first report of these saponins (4, 5, and 8) from the intact plant. Although the occurrence of the oleanane-type triterpene saponin, azukisaponin V methyl ester (15), in Astragalus plants has been demonstrated by others, this is the first report of the azukisaponin V methyl ester (15) from the Astragalus plants.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the correlations between muscle strength of the ankle and balance, walking in the elderly. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were selected from a population of female volunteers. Measurement of balance ability included evaluation of timed "up and go", functional reach, and a one leg standing test. Measurement of walking analysis included evaluation of cadence, stride length, step length, and walking speed. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the ankle muscle strength was measured by use of a dynamometer. Results: For balance, there were significant negative correlations between timed "up and go" and the MVIC of the ankle dorsiflexor. There were significant positive correlations between one leg standing with the eyes closed and the MVIC of the ankle dorsiflexor. For walking, there were significant positive correlations between cadence, walking speed and the MVIC of the ankle dorsiflexor. Conclusion: This study showed that there were close relationships between muscle strength of the ankle dorsiflexor and walking and balance in the elderly.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2002

We have cloned and characterized the complete fibroin light chain gene from the silkworm Baekok-Jam, Bombyx mori, a recommended variety in Korea. It consists of seven exons and six introns. It consists of 14,663 nucleotides long with an open reading frame of 786 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 262 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of approximately 26,000 dalton. The amino acid alignment revealed that the Baekok-Jam fibroin light chain had 98.5 % protein sequence identity to J139 strain: differed at four amino acid positions (11, 46, 80 and 123). The Northern hybridization analysis showed that the Baekok-Jam fibroin light chain gene was specifically expressed in the posterior silk gland.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

More than three hundred million men in the world are suffering from erectile dysfunction. Korean ancient medical records say that the unmated male silkworm moth is effective in strengthening men's vitality, but no scientific examination has preyed its clinical efficacy. Currently, silkworm moths are not allowed for food-stuff. Thus, we selected silkworm of 14-days-after-metamorphosis, at which external morphology possesses that of pupae, but internal component is that of moths. To obtain the reliable source of unmated male silkworm moth, we used the sex-limited silkworm breed with larval marking. The body marker allows casual separation of sex during larval period, preventing mating right after emergence from cocoon. Using the extract prepared with the pupae of 14-days-after-metamorphosis, we investigated the tonic effect of the extract on the rat fed the extract for three weeks. The results showed that the testosterone levels in serum increased maximum by 19%, that of testicle increased maximum by 200%, and athletic endurance of the rats rose by 6%, suggesting positive tonic effect of the pupae prepared at the stage of 14 days after metamorphosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.360-367
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• 2003

Diamond-like carbon(DLC) films are considerable research interest because of their widespread applications as protective coatings in areas such as optical windows, magnetic storage disks, car parts, biomedical coatings and as micro-electromechanical devices(MEMs). DLC films were deposited on WC-Co by PECVD using Ar, $C_2H_4$ gas. Tribological tests were conducted using a ball-on-disk type tribometer in dry air. Three kinds of counter-bodies balls were used. The counter-bodies balls are SM45C, SUJ2 and $ZrO_2$(3.17mm in diameter). Wear rate of the samples were calculated after measuring the worn-out volume of the wear track. As results wear test, the higher hardness of counter-bodies, friction coefficient low. As result of XPS estimation, wear debris generated as an oxide lower the friction coefficient.