• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.309-315
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• 1990

The introduction of end-to-end anastomosis stapler [EEA stapler] into esophageal surgery has reduced the mortality and morbidity associated with esophageal resection mainly owing to a reduction in the incidence of accidence of anastomotic leak. We now report the results of the 37 patients undergoing esophagectomy or esophagogastrectomy with EEA stapler in the department of cardiothoracic Surgery, Kosin Medical Center No leakage was demonstrated in the 37 esophagogastric anastomotic sites, but dehiscence of the TA stapled gastrotomy suture line occurred in two patient One patient was recovered with conservative treatment but the other patient was died due to hepatic metastasis of esophageal carcinoma during conservative treatment. And one severe esophagogastric anastomotic stricture was developed at the 30th postoperative day, but improved after dilatation with balloon dilatation catheter of Swiss Med. Tech. Company. The other complications were postoperative pneumonia[1 case], wound disruption and infection[3 cases], but all of 4 patients were recovered with conservative treatment. We experienced relative good postoperative results with use of EEA stapler in esophageal surgery. On the basis of our experience, we believe that the EEA stapler has definite place in esophageal surgery.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2018

A fire and explosion accident caused by a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) welding and cutting torch gas leak occurred 10 m underground at the site of reinforcement work for bridge columns, killing four people and seriously injuring ten. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the accident to identify the fundamental causes of the explosion by analyzing the structure of the construction site and the properties of propane, which was the main component of LPG welding and cutting work used at the site. The range between the lower and upper explosion limits of leaking LPG for welding and cutting work was examined using Le Chatelier's formula; the behavior of LPG concentration change, which included dispersion and concentration change, was analyzed using the fire dynamic simulator (FDS). We concluded that the primary cause of the accident was combustible LPG that leaked from a welding and cutting torch and formed a explosion range between the lower and upper limits. When the LPG contacted the flame of the welding and cutting torch, LPG explosion occurred. The LPG explosion power calculation was verified by the blast effect computation program developed by the Department of Defense Explosive Safety Board (DDESB). According to the fire simulation results, we concluded that the welding and cutting torch LPG leak caused the gas explosion. This study is useful for safety management to prevent accidents caused by LPG welding and cutting work at construction sites.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.964-970
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• 1996

1986년 2월부터 1996년 1월까지 108명의 환자에게 SJM 판막을 이용한 판막치환수술을 시행하고 1996년 2월까지 10년 동안 임상적으로 추적, 분석하였다. 성별은 남자 55명, 여자 53명이 였고 연령분포는 최소 11세에서 최고 60세로 평균 36.3 $\pm$ 10.4세였다. 치환된 판막은 승모판에 88개 대동맥 판에 54개 삼첨판에 1개였는데 승모판막치환에는 31mm(32), 33mm (23), 29inm(20), 27mm(10), 25mm(2), 그리고 35rnrn(1) 등이 사용되었고 대동맥 판치환에는 23rnm(21), 21min(18), 19mm(7), 25mm(5), 27mm(2), 그리고 33inm(1) 등이 사용되 었으며 삼첨판에 31mm(1)가 사용되었다. 술전 NYHA 기능적 분류는 II(14례), III(73례), IV(21례)였으나 술후에는 I(89례), II(16례)로 대부분 호전되었다. 술후 조기합병증은 15례(13.9%)에서 발생하였는데 저심박출증이 5례(4.6%)로 가장 많았고 3례(2.8%)의 술후 조기사망이 있었다. 술후 조기사망자를 포함한 전체 추적기간은 108례에서 평균 4.1$\pm$2.9년(437.6환자-년)이 었으며 후기 합병증은 5례(1.14%/환자-년)에서 발생하였는데 혈전색증(2례), 판막주위누출(1례), 혈전색과 판막주위누출(1례)및 판막염증(1례)등이었으 \ulcorner판막실패 례는 없었다. 재수술은 2례에서 시행되었고 2례가 사망하여 10년간 생존율은 93.6$\pm$3.1%였고 10년간 합병증이 없을 확율은 91.4$\pm$3.4%였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.372-386
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• 2018

뒷채움한 작업장의 공기질은 채움재의 양생기간 및 이후에 걸쳐 현저히 악화된다. 복합탄산염 기반의 채움재로 뒷채움한 채굴적으로부터 장기간에 걸친 NH3 및 CO2의 유출은 작업공간 내부에서 뿐만 아니라 지표상에서도 관찰된다. 가행광산에서는 가스의 유출은 작업환경을 급격히 악화시키므로 오염된 공간을 희석 시키기 위한 충분한 양의 통기량의 공급, 그리고 유해 가스 유출과 확산을 제어하기 위한 통기방안의 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 채움공간내 가스제어를 위한 압력균형 통기기술의 적용성 연구를 목적으로 한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.182-182
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• 1999

The chemisorption effect of CO on the Ni/Cu(001) surface was investigated using LEED(Low Energy Electron Diffraction) and EELS(Electron Energy Loss Spectrscopy0 under the UHV conditions. after mounting the Cu(001) single crystal in the UHV chamber (base pressure 1$\times$10-10Torr), a clean surface was obtained after a few cycles of repeated Ar+ ion sputtering and annealing at about 40$0^{\circ}C$. The epitaxial thin Ni films were formed on the Cu(001) by evaporation from 99.999% Ni block. The pseudomorphic growth and the orderness of the thin Ni films were monitored by c(2$^{\circ}C$2) LEED pattern. CO adlayers on Ni epitaxial thin films were prepared by dosing pure CO has through a leak valve. After CO adsorpton at room temperature, two pairs of peaks were observed by EELS, whose relative intensities are changed as the film thickness is varied and time is elapsed. These two pair of peaks are likely related to different bonding sites (-top and bridge sites) of C-Ni as well as C-O vibration. Experimental results and qualitative interpretation of the spectra wille be discussed. The possibility of using EELS in combination with probe species (CO) to investigate the nature of thin film growth is mentioned. We will report the experimental result of O2 dosage on Ni film and interaction of CO and O2.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.590-606
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• 2009

C프로그램에서 발생할 수 있는 메모리 누수(memory leaks)를 실행 전에 찾아 주는 분석기를 제안한다. 이 분석기는 SPEC2000 벤치마크 프로그램과 여러 오픈 소스 프로그램들에 적용시킨 결과 다른 분석기에 비해 상대적으로 뛰어난 성능을 보여준다. 총 1,777 KLOC의 프로그램에서 332개의 메모리 누수 오류를 찾아냈으며 이 때 발생한 허위 경보(false positive)는 47개에 불과하다(12.4%의 허위 경보율). 이분석기는 초당720 LOC를 분석한다. 각각의 함수들이 하는 일을 요약하여 그 함수들이 불려지는 곳에서 사용함으로써 모든 함수에 대해 단 한번의 분석만을 실행한다. 각각의 함수 요약(procedural summary)은 잘 매개화 되어 함수가 불려질 때의 상황에 맞게 적용할 수 있다. 실제 프로그램들에 적용하고 피드백 받는 방법을 통해 함수가 하는 일중에 메모리 누수를 찾는데 효과적인 정보들만으로 추리는 과정을 거쳤다. 분석은 요약 해석(abstract interpretation)에 기반하였기 때문에 C의 여러 문법 구조와 순환 호출 (recursive call), 루프(loop)등은 고정점 연산(fixpoint iteration)을 통해 자연스럽게 해결한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2009

Objective : We investigated the locations of compressing vessels in hemifacial spasm. To approach compression sites, we described and evaluated the efficacy of the infranuchal infrafloccular (INIF) approach. Methods : A retrospective review of 31 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) through INIF with a minimum follow-up of 1 year was performed. Along the intracranial facial nerve, we classified the compression sites into the transitional zone (TRZ), the central nervous system (CNS) segment and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) segment. The INIF approach was used to inspect the CNS segment and the TRZ. Subdural patch graft technique was used in order to achieve watertight dural closure. The cranioplasty was performed using polymethylmethacrylate. The outcome and procedure-related morbidities were evaluated. Results : Twenty-nine patients (93%) showed complete disappearance of spasm. In two patients, the spasm was resolved gradually in 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Late recurrence was noted in one patient (3%). The TRZ has been identified as the only compression site in 19 cases (61.3%), both the TRZ and CNS segment in 11 (35.5%) and the CNS segment only in 1 (3.2%). There was no patient having a compressing vessel in the PNS segment. Infection as a result of cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in one patient (3%). Delayed transient facial weakness occurred in one patient. Conclusion : The TRZ and the CNS segment were more vulnerable area to the compression of vessels. We suggest that surgical avenue with the INIF approach provides early identification of this area.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1225-1229
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• 2013

오늘날 많은 인터넷 서비스들은 사용자를 식별하고 데이터를 보호하기 위해 아이디와 패스워드 이용한 인증을 이용한다. 만약 피싱이나 파밍으로 인해 사용자의 아이디와 패스워드가 탈취되고 서비스 권한이 도용된다면 2차 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구는 피싱 및 파밍 사이트에서 아이디와 패스워드를 입력할 때 사용자의 부주의로 인해 탈취될 수 있는 요인들을 연구했다. 특히 사용자가 패스워드 관리를 기억에 의존하고, 무의식적인 인증 과정 수행할 때 얼마나 많은 패스워드를 유출할 수 있는지 실험을 통해 확인했다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2229-2236
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• 2021

In nuclear-related facilities, such as nuclear power plants, research reactors, accelerators, and nuclear waste storage sites, radiation detection, and mapping are required to prevent radiation overexposure. Sensor network systems consisting of radiation sensor interfaces and wxireless communication units have become promising tools that can be used for data collection of radiation detection that can in turn be used to draw a radiation map. During data collection, malfunctions in some of the sensors can occasionally occur due to radiation effects, physical damage, network defects, sensor loss, or other reasons. This paper proposes a reproduction strategy for radiation maps using a U-net model to compensate for the loss of radiation detection data. To perform machine learning and verification, 1,561 simulations and 417 measured data of a sensor network were performed. The reproduction results show an accuracy of over 90%. The proposed strategy can offer an effective method that can be used to resolve the data loss problem for conventional sensor network systems and will specifically contribute to making initial responses with preserved data and without the high cost of radiation leak accidents at nuclear facilities.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Oil well casing leak is caused by contact of casing outer surface with formation electrolyte. It is usually associated with an aquifer with a high salt content or absence of a cement ring behind the casing. The only way to reduce external casing corrosion is through cathodic protection. Through cathodic polarization of casing structure, electron content in crystal lattice and electron density will increase, leading to a potential shift towards the cathodic region. At Tatneft enterprises, cathodic protection is carried out according to cluster and individual schemes. The main criterion for cathodic protection is the size of protective current. For a casing, the protective current is considered sufficient if measurements with a two-contact probe show that the electric current directed to the casing has eliminated all anode sites. To determine the value of required protective current, all methods are considered in this work. In addition, an analysis of all methods used to determine the minimum protective current of the casing is provided. Results show that the method of measuring potential drop along casing is one of the most reliable methods for determining the value of protective current.