• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2006

Serpentines soil have high values of magnesium and low values of calcium, and are usually deficient in N and P, but rich in iron, Ni, silicates. We investigated serpentine soil properties and measured the content of nutrient elements and heavy metals in shoots and root of plant species which were in common at serpentine and non-serpentine areas in Andong, Korea. The soils showed higher pH value above 6.9. The contents of Ni, Cr, Fe and Mg of serpentine soils exhibited 77, 27, 5.5 and 12.5 times more than in non-serpentine soils, respectively. The content of Na was almost same but K was two times higher in non-serpentine soil, compared with serpentine soil. The contents of nutrient element such as K, Ca, Na and P in serpentine plants did not show conspicuous differences with non-serpentine plants. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mg and Mg/Ca were very high in plant on serpentine area. The all plant species collected at the serpentine site were bodenvag plants, which are not restricted to a specific type of substrate. By the plant species and parts of plant tissues, the absorption levels and patterns showed high variation and were species-specific. Carex lanceolata, Lysimachia clethroides and Cynanchum paniculatum contained much chromium and Eupatorium chinense and C. paniculatum exhibited high contents of Ni. In leaf tissue, C. lanceolata, Rubus parvifolius, Festuca ovina, Quercus serrata, and L. clethroides took comparatively large amount of Cr in serpentine area. E. chinense contained large amount of Ni, Cr and Fe in a leaf tissue. The stem of Galium verum, Juniperus rigida included high amount of Cr, Ni and Fe. And C. paniculatum absorbed large amount of Ni and Cr in the stem.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.791-798
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to find out the difference between roughage productivity and feed value by using two domestic forage rice cultivars in a mid-west reclaimed rice field in Korea. During the growing period, Na⁺ content in soil showed no significant difference between the two cultivars; however, the K⁺ content in the soil was significantly lower than that in which the Mogwo was grown. The tiller number was 45.5 to 58.8, which was higher than that of Mogyeong, and the leaf number was higher than that of Mogyeong. The dry matter yield per 10 a was 1,338 kg for Moggyang and 1,532 kg for Mogwoo. At the harvest time, the crude protein yield per 10 a produced 108 kg of Mogyang and 170 kg of Mogwoo, and the total digestion nutrient (TDN) yield per 10 a also produced about 617 kg of Mogyang and 880 kg of Mogwoo. To sum up the above results, Mogwo, which has many tiller numbers and leaf numbers, has a high dry matter production, a relatively low neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acidic detergent fiber (ADF), and a high crude protein yield and TDN yield, and it was better when cultivating the forage rice cultivars in reclaimed land.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 1992

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was fractionated into leaf nutrient concentrate, fiber and deproteinised juice (DPJ). The fresh and fermented DPJs were concentrated and referred to as fresh deproteinised juice concentrate (FDPJC) and fermented deprotenised juice concentrate (FMTD DPJC). The FDPJC and FMTD DPJC were separately mixed with dried fiber and ensiled. Wilted crop silage and fresh fiber silage were also prepared from the same material crop. The nutritive value of these four silages were compared using four goats by $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Green crop fractionation resulted lesser amount of crude protein and ash, and higher amount of neurtal detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose in fresh fiber. The pH of fresh fiber silage was lower than that of the other silages. Addition of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC to the dried fiber at ensiling did not improve the silage qualities; but all the silages were satisfactorily preserved. Goats fed these silages showed similar ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. But addition of FMTD DPJC was effective on increasing ruminal acetic acid concentration reducing propionic acid concentration. Ruminal n- and iso- butyric acid concentrations were proportional to that of propionic acid. High ammonia content of the silage containing FMTD DPJC was reflected to the ruminal ammonia concentration, urinary nitrogen excretion and serum urea level of goats. Inclusion of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC added 15 to 25% dry matter to the fiber silages with a little reduction in the digestibilities of most components of the silages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1592-1598
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• 2008

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of cattle slurry on maize fodder (Zea mays) production. Maize fodder was produced at 4 cattle slurry levels $T_0$ (0 ton/ha), $T_1$ (10 ton/ha), $T_2$ (12 ton/ha) and $T_3$ (14 ton/ha) in a randomized block design. Agronomic characteristics, plant heights, circumference of stems, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter yield of maize fodder were measured. Maize plant height and stem circumference were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the increasing rate of cattle slurry at 15, 30, 45 and 56 days after sowing. Number of leaves of fodder plants was not significant but leaf area was significant (p<0.05) among the treatment groups. The highest biomass yield (p<0.01) of maize fodder was observed in $T_2$ (44.0 ton/ha). For crude protein content, a significant difference (p<0.01) was observed in the treatment groups and the highest value was observed in $T_2$ (11.99%). Organic matter content of maize fodder showed a significant difference but ash, ADF and NDF contents showed no significant differences among treatment groups. From this study it may be concluded that the application of 12 tons of cattle slurry/ha was optimal for production of biomass and nutrient content of maize fodder.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the combination of proper culture medium for differentiation culture of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum KITAMURA. The combinations of culture medium were consisted with an inorganic materials such as vermiculite, perlite, saprolite, sand and upland top soil, and with an organic materials such as peat-moss, leaf mold and compost. For the plant growth characteristics, the plant height, number of tiller, root length and root weight in the combination of leaf mold was relatively great as compared to the treatment with peat-moss and compost. It was considered that humus might be contributed to improve the physical properties of soil as well as the sequential nutrient supply. For the combination of peat-moss, the plant growth was not good because of not sufficient nutrient supply, Also, the plant growth in the treatment of compost was so bad because of enhancement of culture medium pH 8.9 and increasement of phosphorous content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to Investigate the environmental changes of rhizosphere, behavior of nutrient components in soul, and nutrients uptake and growth response of the tobacco plant in the condition that mulch as polyethylene film, had been removed on the ridge at the 50th day after transplanting in comparison with continuous mulching condition. The results obtained were as follows; 1. After rainfall, soil moisture content In the plow layer was greatly increased without mulch in comparison with that of the plot with mulch. As a result, leaf water potential of tobacco plant without mulch was higher than that with mulch. 2. Available nutrients such as $NH_4-N, \;NO_3-N$, and total salts in the plow layer of the plot without mulch tended to be Increased, and especially accumulated on the surface layer owing to the redistribution of soil water by rainfall during the latter growth stage after removing mulch. 3. Nutrients uptake by tobacco was much more enhanced in the plot without mulch and resulted in higher contents of total nitrogen, $NO_3-N, \;P_2O_5, \;and K_5O$ in the tobacco leaf Especially higher content of nitrogen caused the delay of maturity resulting In the increased of dry weight of top part of tobacco in the plot without mulch toned to be Increased in comparison with that in mulching condition. Content of total nitrogen, $NO_3-N$, and nicotine in flue-lured leaves was much higher in the plot without. mulch than in mulching condition, but lower content of reducing sugar in the plot without mulch resulted in lower quality of tobacco.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 2016

Litter fall is a source of nutrients and carbon transfer in terrestrial ecosystems. Litter decomposition provides nutrients needed for plant growth, sustains soil fertility, and supplies $CO_2$ to the atmosphere. We collected the leaf litter of evergreen broadleaf tree, Camellia japonica L., and carried out a decomposition experiment using the litterbag method in Ju-do, Wando-gun, Korea for 731 days from Dec 25, 2011 to Dec 25, 2013. The leaf litter of C. japonica remained 42.6% of the initial litter mass after experiment. The decay constant (k) of C. japonica leaf litter was $0.427yr^{-1}$. The carbon content of C. japonica leaf litter was 44.6%, and the remaining carbon content during the decomposition tended to coincide with the changes in litter mass. The initial nitrogen and phosphorus content was 0.47% and 324.7 mg/g, respectively. The remaining N in decaying litter increased 1.66-fold in the early decomposition stage, then gradually decreased to 1.18-fold after 731 days. The content of P showed the highest value (1.64-fold of initial content) after 456 days, which then fell to a 1.15-fold after 731 days. The remaining Ca, K, Mg and Na content in C. japonica leaf litter tended to decrease during decomposition. The remaining K showed a remaining mass of 8.9% as a result of rapid reduction. The initial C/N and C/P ratio of C. japonica leaf litter was 94.87 and 1368.5, respectively. However, it tended to decrease as decomposition progressed because of the immobilization of N and P (2.78 and 2.68-fold of initial content, respectively) during the leaf litter decaying. The study results showed that N and P was immobilized and other nutrients was mineralized in C. japonica leaf litter during experimental period.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the growth of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays influenced by seedling age, nutrient management before transplanting, and night temperature after transplanting. Grafted cucumber seedlings in paper pot trays were supplied with different nutrient solution concentrations of 0.5 x full strength (S) (EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$), 1.0S(EC $1.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$), 2.0S(EC $3.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$) two times a week until transplanting. 26, 33, 40, and 47 day-old cucumber grafted seedlings were transplanted and grown at three levels of night temperature (10, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$) during ten days. Increasing nutrient solution concentration enhanced the shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and relative growth rate of seedlings. With increasing seedling age, the differences in growth were greater among nutrient treatments. The dry matter percentage increased with the seedling age, but was lower with higher nutrient concentration. The specific leaf area showed the opposite results. In cucumbers transplanted at 26- or 33-day seedling ages, night temperature did not affect the growth at ten days after transplanting. However, the growth of 40 or 47 day-old seedling decreased at $10^{\circ}C$. Compared with $25^{\circ}C$, the dry weight of cucumbers transplanted at 40- or 47-day seedling ages was depressed by 58% or 71%, respectively, at $10^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, it was concluded that the optimum nutrient solution concentrations and seedling age for the production of grafted cucumber seedlings in biodegradable paper pot trays can be 1.0S and about 30 days, respectively, and night temperature should be maintained at the range of $15-25^{\circ}C$ for promoting the growth after transplanting.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.284-291
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the optimum hydroponic system and nutrient solution for shortening the early growth period and quality improvement of dendrobium ( Dendrobium Phalaenopsis) seedlings. Dendrobium seedlings with 3 to 4 leaves were transplanted in the deep flow technique(DFT) system, aeroponic system, and ebb and flow system with different concentration of balanced nutrient solutions recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Growth characteristics of shoot and root were recorded and evaulated among treatments. For autumn cultivation, plant height was the longest at the DFT system with quarter concentration of nutrient solution, where aeroponic system with half concentration of nutrient solution. Aeroponic system stimulated the root growth but fresh weight was observed in the plots of DFT system. For spring cultivation, pH values increased up 7.5 at the DFT and aeroponic system, where EC values did not fluctuate regardless of cultural system. Ebb and flow system showed the best result in the growth of plant followed by BFT system and aeroponic system. Higher concentration of nutrient solution within this range of treatment was recommended for the growth promotion of leaf length and width in DFT system. In conclusion, growth responses differed depending on the cultural system, concentrations of nutrient solutions and duration of cltivation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2015

To develop a technique for efficient management of fertility for cucumber in greenhouse, a quick test method to quantify nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) content in soil solution and leaf petiole juice using a simple instrument that are easy to use for farmers was investigated. N fertilizer (urea) was applied at 0, 50, 100 and 200% levels of the recommended application rate from 30 days after transplanting to harvest by soil fertigation treatments. Stable results were obtained from analysis of nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) using top $10^{th}$ or $11^{th}$ leaf petioles collected between 10 to 11 am in the morning. Under the semiforcing culture, $NO_3{^-}$ content of leaf petiole juice was highest at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) at all fertigation treatments. Appropriate $NO_3{^-}$content of leaf petiole juice was $2,418{\pm}78{\sim}2,668{\pm}118$ at 45 DAT, $3,032{\pm}90{\sim}3,332{\pm}63$ at 60 DAT, $2,709{\pm}50{\sim}3,158{\pm}155$ at 75 DAT, $2,535{\pm}49{\sim}2,907{\pm}83$ at 90 DAT, and $2,242{\pm}48mg\;L^{-1}$ at 105 DAT. In addition, appropriate $NO_3{^-}$ content of soil solution was $167{\pm}9{\sim}212{\pm}15$ at 45 DAT, $83{\pm}10{\sim}112{\pm}12$ at 60 DAT, $49{\pm}3{\sim}92{\pm}6$ at 75 DAT, $71{\pm}9{\sim}103{\pm}9$ at 90 DAT, and $73{\pm}9mg\;L^{-1}$ at 105 DAT. The cucumber yield at 100% N level of fertigation was $7,770kg\;10a^{-1}$ and no difference in yield was found at 200% N level of fertigation. However, there was 12% decrease in yield at 50% N fertigation and, 17% decrease at 0% N fertigation. Under retarding culture, $NO_3{^-}$ concentration of leaf petiole juice was highest at 55 days after transplanting (DAT) at all fertigation treatments. Appropriate $NO_3{^-}$ content of leaf petiole juice was $2,464{\pm}102{\sim}2,651{\pm}33$ at 45 DAT, $3,025{\pm}71{\sim}3,314{\pm}84$ at 55 DAT and $2,488{\pm}92mg\;L^{-1}$ at 65 DAT, respectively. Appropriate $NO_3{^-}$ content of soil solution was $111{\pm}10{\sim}155{\pm}14$ at 45 DAT, $93{\pm}7{\sim}147{\pm}14$ at 55 DAT, $67{\pm}4mg\;L^{-1}$at 65 DAT, respectively. The cucumber yield at 50% N fertigation was not different from $1,697kg\;10a^{-1}$ of 100% N fertigation level and even with that of the 200% N fertigation. However, there was 21% decrease in yield at 0% N fertigation.