• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1563-1572
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• 2014

The autecology of the Zostera marina and Z. japonica was studied in populations growing in the same locality (Sagumi Bay, southwestern coast of Korea). Environmental factors and plant characteristics were examined monthly from August 2008 to September 2011. Along intertidal zone, Z. japonica (0.1-0.5 m above mean lower low water, MLLW) occurred above Z. marina (0.5-2.5 m MLLW). Tidal exposure at low tide during day was the highest in the spring and the lowest in the summer. Underwater Irradiance showed seasonal fluctuation that was the highest in spring and summer caused by tidal pattern. Strong seasonal patterns in water temperature appeared to control the seasonal variations in morphology, biomass and leaf growth. The seasonal pattern of Z. japonica resembled that of the Z. marina in morphological characteristics, above-and below-ground biomass, whereas it differed in shoot density and leaf elongation. Despite some similarities in seasonal growth patterns, the patterns of Z. japonica were lagged by 2 month of Z. marina. Seasonal variation in the above biomass of Z. marina was caused by changes in density and plant size, whereas that of Z. japonica was mainly caused by changes in shoot density. Zostera marina was more sensitive to high temperatures than Z. japonica, and the increasing water temperature during the summer became the factor that inhibits the growth of the Z. marina. Zostera Japonica, there is no clear change according to the amount of the light. It is because its habitat locates above that of Zostera marina so that the amount of the light that is necessary to growth is enough and in this condition, any preventing factor does not seem to work at all. Although underwater light getting into Zostera marina's habitat is very low level and there is no any hindrance to the survival of them, it prevents them from their productivity a bit.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Perilla frutescens Britton leaves are a commonly consumed vegetable in different Asian countries including Korea. Cancer is a major cause of human death worldwide. The aim of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of ethanol extract of perilla leaf (PLE) against important characteristics of cancer cells, including unrestricted growth, resisted apoptosis, and activated metastasis, using human cancer cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Two human cancer cell lines were used in this study, HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide were performed for measurement of cell growth. Soft agar and wound healing assays were performed to determine colony formation and cell migration, respectively. Nuclear staining and cell cycle analysis were performed for assessment of apoptosis. Fibronectin-coated plates were used to determine cell adhesion. RESULTS: Treatment of HCT116 and H1299 cells with PLE resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of growth by 52-92% (at the concentrations of 87.5, 175, and $350{\mu}g/ml$) and completely abolished the colony formation in soft agar (at the concentration of $350{\mu}g/ml$). Treatment with PLE at the $350{\mu}g/ml$ concentration resulted in change of the nucleus morphology and significantly increased sub-G1 cell population in both cells, indicating its apoptosis-inducing activity. PLE at the concentration range of 87.5 to $350{\mu}g/ml$ was also effective in inhibiting the migration of H1299 cells (by 52-58%) and adhesion of both HCT116 and H1299 cells (by 25-46%). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that PLE exerts anti-cancer activities against colon and lung cancers in vitro. Further studies are needed in order to determine whether similar effects are reproduced in vivo.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1435-1447
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of hexaconazole (HEX), a triazole fungicide, on the growth, yield, photosynthetic response and antioxidant potential in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants subjected to UV-B stress. UV-B radiation and HEX were applied separately or in combination to cucumber seedlings. The growth parameters were significantly reduced under UV-B treatment, however, this growth inhibition was less in HEX treated plants. HEX caused noticeable changes in plant morphology such as reduced shoot length and leaf area, and increased leaf thickness. HEX was quite persistent in inhibiting shoot growth by causing a reduction in shoot fresh and dry weight. HEX noticeably recovered the UV-B induced inhibition of biomass production. Significant accumutation in anthocyanin and flavonoid pigments in the leaves occurred as a result of HEX or UV-B treatments. HEX permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and higher quantum yield for photosystemII under UV-B exposure. HEX treatment induced a transient rise in ABA levels in the leaves, and combined application of HEX and UV-B showed a significant enhancement of ABA content which activates $H_2O_2$ generation. UV-B exposure induced accumulation of $H_2O_2$ in the leaves, while HEX prevented UV-B induced increase in $H_2O_2$, indicating that HEX serves as an antioxidant agent able to scavenge $H_2O$ to protect cells from oxidative damage. An increase in the ascorbic acid was observed in the HEX treated cucumber leaves affecting many enzyme activities by removing $H_2O_2$ during photosynthetic processes. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in the leaves in the presence of HEX under UV-B stress were higher than those under UV-B stress alone. These findings suggest that HEX may participate in the enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. From these results it can be concluded that HEX moderately ameliolate the effect of UV-B stress in cucumber by improving the components of antioxidant defense system.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1981

작물시험장, 충남농촌진흥원 및 일반농가에서 수집한 40개 참깨종자표본의 종자전염진균을 Blotter 법으로 조사하였던 바 Alternaria sesami, A. sesamicola, A. tenuis, A. longissima, Cercospora sesami, Cephalosporium sp., Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, Macrophomina phoseolina 그리고 Myrothecium roridum이 검출되었다. 그 중 A. sesami, A. sesamicola, A. tenuis, C. cassiicola가 많은 비율로 검출되었다. 참깨 종자내의 감염부위를 알아본 결과, C. cassiicola가 가장 깊숙이 배에까지 감염되어 있었으며 Chlorine으로 종자표면소독을 하였을 경우에도 완전히 제거되지 않았다. 이균에 이병된 종자를 살균토양에 파종하였을 경우 심한 발아저해와 유묘고사를 초래하였다. C. cassiicola의 종자상에서의 생육상과 배양기상에서의 배양적성질 및 포자의 형태를 기술하였다. 병원성을 조사하기 위하여 배양균의 포자현탁액을 참깨에 분무접종한 결과, C. cassiicola는 참깨의 잎과 줄기에 또는 자색의 병반을 나타내며 이것이 급격히 확대되어 고사하였다. A. sesami, A. sesamicola, A. longissima, C. sesami도 참깨 잎에 반점 또는 blight의 병징을 나타내었으나, A. tenuis은 병원성이 없었다. 토양접종실험의 결과, F. oxysporum과 M. phaseolina는 강한 병원성을 나타내어 심한 종자부패와 유묘고사를 초래하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 1987

동일한 벼 품종은 수분함량이 다른 토양에서 재배했을 경우, 도열병에 대한 감수성에 차이가 생기는데 그 원인을 조사하기 위하여 잎 표피에서 분생포자발아 및 부착기형성까지의 도열병균 침입전 행동을 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 관찰하였다. 수분함량이 다른 토양에서 자란 벼 잎 사이에 표피세포의 외부형태, 잎 표피에서의 분생포자발아관의 생장 및 생장방향, 부착기의 형태 및 크기는 차이가 없었다. 부착기는 토양수분처리와 상관없이 기동세포$(35\~48\%)$위에 가　 많이 형성되었고 단세포$(19\~27\%)$, 장세포 및 공변세포$(13\~20\%)$의 순이었다. 모분상의 부착기형성은 관찰되지 않았다. 본 시험결과, 수분함량이 다른 토양에서 자란 벼 사이에 나타나는 도열병에 대한 감수성의 차이는 도열병균의 침입전 행동에서 기인하는 것이 아닌 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1891-1898
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• 2016

Imperata cylindrica, a tall tufted grass which has multiple pharmacological applications is one of the key ingredients in various traditional medicinal formula used in India. Previous reports have shown that I. cylindrica plant extract inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. To our knowledge, no studies have been published on the effect of I. cylindrica leaf extract on human oral cancers. The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the anticancer properties of the leaf extract of I. cylindrica using an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC-9 as an in vitro model system. A methanol extract from dried leaves of I. cylindrica (ICL) was prepared by standard procedures. Effects of the ICL extract on the morphology of SCC-9 cells was visualized by microscopy. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Effects of the ICL extract on colony forming ability of SCC-9 cells was evaluated using clonogenic assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry and induction of apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation assay. The ICL extract treatment caused cytotoxicity and induced cell death in vitro in SCC-9 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This treatment also significantly reduced the clonogenic potential and inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation assays showed that the observed cell death was caused by apoptosis. This is the first report showing the anticancer activity of the methanol extracts from the leaves of I. cylindrica in human oral cancer cell line. Our data indicates that ICL extract could be considered as one of the lead compounds for the formulation of anticancer therapeutic agents to treat/manage human oral cancers. The natural abundance of I. cylindrica and its wide geographic distribution could render it one of the primary resource materials for preparation of anticancer therapeutic agents.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2008

Since seagrasses in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems achieve high levels of production, they require high inorganic carbon and nutrient incorporation. Thus, seagrasses may play a significant role in carbon and nutrient cycling in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems. To examine growth dynamics of Zostera marina L. environmental factors such as underwater irradiance, water temperature, and salinity, and biological parameters such as shoot density, biomass, shoot morphology, and leaf productivity were measured in two bay systems (Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay) on the southern coast of Korea. While underwater irradiance did not show distinct seasonal trend, water temperature at both sites exhibited clear seasonal trend throughout the experimental period. Shoot density increased dramatically during winter due to the increased seedlings through germination of seeds in Jindong Bay and due to the increased lateral shoots in Gamak Bay. Eelgrass biomass increased during winter and decreased during summer. Maximum biomass in Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay was 250.2 and 232.3 g dry weight m–a2, respectively. Carbon incorporation into the eelgrass leaf tissues was estimated from productivity and leaf tissues carbon content. The calculated annual carbon incorporations at the Jindong Bay and Gamak Bay sites were 163 and 295 g C m–`2 y–`1, respectively. This high carbon incorporation into seagrass tissues suggests that seagrass habitats play an important role as a carbon absorber in the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.759-763
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• 2008

2007년 전라남도 여수시 남면 안도리에서 발견된 국내 미기록종 해오말은 지리적으로 열대부터 아열대까지 넓게 분포하는 식물로서 열매를 만든다. 잎의 모양은 계란형에 가깝고, 입꼭지는 견고하고 잎을 지지하고 있다. 뿌리는 불규칙적으로 뻗어있고, 뿌리 사이로 꽃이 형성되어 있다. 잎맥은 잎의 가장자리와 공간을 유지하고 있다. ITS1과 ITS2 부위은 한국산과 일본산 해오말은 100% 동일한 염기서열을 나타내고 있으나, 5.8S에서 한국산 해오말은 202 bp에서 206 bp까지 4개의 염기가 삽입된 것이 보였다. ITS 부위에 대한 한국산 해오말은 일본산과 동일한 유전적 clade을 나타내었으나, 필리핀, 호주, 베트남, 말레이시아산 해오말과는 유전적 분리를 보였다. 따라서 한국산 해오말은 일본에서 gene flow로 된 것으로 추정되며, 아열대성인 해오말이 우리나라 연안에 나타난 것은 기후변동에 의한 수온상승과도 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 보인다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1990

N. tabacum $NR^-/SR^+$과 N. glutinosa의 엽육세포로부터 원형질체를 분리하여 전기적으로 융합 및 배양하였으며 AAPI 9M 배지에서 이 원형질체의 plating effici-ency는 30~35%였다. 분열 중인 소형 세포괴는 1.2mg / ml의 streptomycin이 포함된 $MSNO_3$배지에 치상하여 계속 분열을 유지하는 녹색 칼루스 계통을 선발하였다. 이 녹색 칼루스 계통에서 유래된 4계통의 식물들은 꽃의 형태, 화관의 길이와 염신의 모양에서 양쪽 모식물체의 중간형을 보였고, 엽조직의 peroxidase와 esterase의 isozyme분석에서도 양쪽 모식물체의 특성을 부분적으로 함께 나타냈으며 또한 결실되거나 새로운 isozyme band도 보였다. 이 융합체 추정계통들의 염색체 분석에서 L22계통에서 2n=66, L44계통에서 2n=54개가 조사되어 N.tabacum(2n=48)과 N.glutinosa(2n=24)의 융합체는 염색체의 부분적 감소현상을 보였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2023

당근 세균잎마름병은 세계적으로 가장 중요한 병에 속한다. 지난 10년 전 국내에서 처음 발견됨으로써 당근 생산에 큰 위협이 되는 병으로 간주되었다. 원인균으로 Xathomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc)이며 본 연구는 제주도 당근재배지 토양에서 이 병원균을 분리 동정하고자 수행하였다. 분리한 세균 중 인공배지에서 균총의 형태가 당근 세균잎마름병균과 유사한 세균균총을 분리하여 선발하였다. 또한 이들 선발된 세균들을 대상으로 DNA 염기 서열과 NCBI 자료를 통해 몇몇 분리 세균이 Xhc으로 동정되었다. 게다가 이들 세균을 당근 잎에 접종하였더니 당근 세균잎마름병의 전형적인 병징이 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 제주도 토양내 Xhc의 존재 가능성을 시사하고 앞으로의 당근 세균잎마름병 방제 수단을 강구하는 데 매우 필요한 자료로서 가치가 있다고 본다.