• Mycobiology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.169-183
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• 2020

Nigrospora is a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae. Species in this genus are phytopathogenic, endophytic, and saprobic on different hosts. In this study, leaf specimens with disease symptoms were collected from host plants from the Shandong Peninsula, China. The fungal taxa associated with these leaf spots were studied using morphology and phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 gene regions. In this article, we report on the genus Nigrospora with N. gorlenkoana, N. oryzae, N. osmanthi, N. rubi, and N. sphaerica identified with 13 novel host associations including crops with economic importance such as bamboo and Chinese rose.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권2호통권17호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2006

In the original plant of Arisaematis Rhizomas, the features of external and internal shape of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $_{MAXIM}$. are as follows. 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Ansaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$. Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.435-454
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• 2003

한국산 복수초속에 대한 외부형태학적 특정과 주사전자현미경을 이용한 과피의 표면구조를 바탕으로 각 분류군의 주요 식별형질을 파악하고 분류군의 한계를 설정하고자 하였다. 복수초속의 종을 동정하는 식별형질은 줄기의 분지, 꽃의 수, 잎 주축의 분지여부, 꽃잎과 꽃받침의 수, 잎의 성숙과 비교한 개화시기, 과피의 기공수와 표면무늬 등이었다. 한국산 복수초속은 복수초(A. amurensis), 개복수초(A. pseudoamurensis), 세복수초(A. multiflora) 3종이 인식되었고, 일본에 분포하는 가지복수초(A. ramosa. A. amurensis var. ramosa)는 분포하지 않는 것으로 파악되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2022

Bacterial wilt caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of potato crops. Harmonizing immunity to pathogens and crop yield is a balance between productive, economic, and environmental interests. In this work, the agronomic performance of two events of potato cultivar INIA Iporá expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana EFR gene (Iporá EFR 3 and Iporá EFR 12) previously selected for their high resistance to bacterial wilt was evaluated under pathogen-free conditions. During two cultivation cycles, the evaluated phenotypic characteristics were emergence, beginning of flowering, vigor, growth, leaf morphology, yield, number and size of tubers, analyzed under biosecurity standards. The phenotypic characteristics evaluated did not show differences, except in the morphology of the leaf with a more globose appearance and a shortening of the rachis in the transformation events with respect to untransformed Iporá. The Iporá EFR 3 genotype showed a ~40% yield decrease in reference to untransformed Iporá in the two trials, while Iporá EFR 12 did not differ statistically from untransformed Iporá. Iporá EFR 12 shows performance stability in the absence of the pathogen, compared to the untransformed control, positioning it as an interesting candidate for regions where the presence of the pathogen is endemic and bacterial wilt has a high economic impact.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2014

Objectives : Paemo is a phlegm-resolving drug with cold properties and classified 5 kinds which come from 11 species of original plant. All the more, according to literature record, 20 species of original plant were used. As a natural result, these are easily to confuse and there are a lot of counterfeit product. So we are to present a differential standard of Paemo. Methods : It was planed a differential standard form through outer appearance of the original plant and outer appearance in the form of each medicines which was collected local market or field for 11 species which is listed in Korea or China pharmacopeia. Results : It was possible to distinguish the orignal plant between Fritillaria and Bolbostemma through its stem shape. In Fritillaria of original plant, it was possible to distinguish through its width of leaf, number of leafy bracts, color and position of flower and shape of leaf apex. In outer appearance in the form of each medicines, there are difference in color and texture of medicine between Fritillaria and Bolbostemma and there are difference in size, shape, size of inner and outter fleshy leaf of bulb, pattern of surface and apex of fleshy leaf of bulb among 10 Fritillaria species. Conclusions : This study presents various differences in the outer appearance of the original plant and the outer appearance in the form of each medicines among Paemo. It will be helpful to further applied research.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Coriandrum Sativum L. on lipid metabolism in rats with hypertriglyceridemia. Also, we compared the effects of the leaf, seed and root of Coriandrum Sativum L. on lipid metabolism in rats with hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia was induced in 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 108$\pm$13 g through the feeding of high-fat diets containing 20% fat and 5% cellulose for ten days. The rats were divided into four groups as follows : control (C), leaf (L), seed (S) and root (R) groups. For the five-week experimental period, the C group was fed the above diet an the L, S and R groups were fed Coriandrum Sativum L. diets containing 5% dry leaf, seed and root of Coriandrum Sativum L., respectively. Intake of diet and weight gain were significantly lower in the C group than in the L, S and R groups. But there was no significant difference among the L, S and R groups. Because of weight differences among the groups, all obtained data was adjusted to weight. The level of plasma total cholesterol was not significantly different among the four groups. But after adjusting to weight differences, the level of plasma triglyceride was significantly higher in the C groups than in the L and S groups. These results suggest that dietary Coriandrum Sativum L. may increase appetite and have an inhibitory effect on the lipid metabolism of rats with hypertriglyceridemia. Also, those effects may be partly different (leaf, root and seed) from those of Coriandrum Sativum L.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2002

본시험은 쿠퍼 77% 수화제 살포에 따른 산성비가 마늘에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 인공 산성비만을 마늘에 처리한 결과 경미한 백화 현상이 발생되었고, 잎이 구부러지고 표피세포가 손상을 받았으며 기공이 열려 있었다. 이러한 현상은 인공산성비를 처리한 후 쿠퍼 수화제를 처리할 경우 더욱 심했지만, 마늘수량 감소에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 마늘에 대한 구리 이온의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 황산구리 희석액을 살포한 결과 구리 이온으로 100 ppm 이상의 농도에서 백화증상이 발생되었다. 쿠퍼 수화제 희석액에 산을 첨가하여 pH를 낮추면 구리 이온의 용출량이 수용해도 이상으로 크게 증가됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 인공산성비가 처리된 후 쿠퍼 수화제를 살포한 마늘잎에서 인공산성비 무처리구에 비해 구리이온의 잔류량이 증가되었다. 인공산성비에 의해 피해를 입은 마늘에 동제를 안전하게 사용하기 위해 탄산칼슘을 쿠퍼 수화제와 혼용하여 살포하면 백화증상을 줄일 수 있었다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.163-187
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• 2006

태백제비꽃파 근연 분류군인 단풍제비꽃과 남산제비꽃의 종간 유연관계를 알아보기 위하여 극단적인 형태를 보이는 7개 집단에 대해 외부형태학적, 화분학적, 해부학적 형질에 대한 분류학적 연구와, 국내에 분포하는 분류군을 비롯하여 유럽, 중국과 일본에 분포하는 근연 분류군을 포함한 28개 집단에 대한 핵 DNA의 ITS와 V. pinnata를 제외한 27집단에 대한 엽록체 DNA의 trnL-F 지역에 대한 분자계통학적 연구를 수행하였다. 외부형태학적 형질에서 엽연 거치의 수, 화피의 크기, 주두와 종자의 형질 등은 형태가 유사하거나 중복되는 형질을 갖는 것으로 나타나 구분이 불가능 하였으나 잎의 모양에 의해서는 두 그룹으로 유집되었다. 화분은 단립으로 극면입상은 반각형이었고, 발아구는 3공구형이며, 표면의 돌기는 미립상, 표면무늬는 난선상으로 집단간 유사한 특징을 보였다. 화분입상은 5개 집단이 장구형으로 관찰된 반면 단풍제비꽃 type 1과 남산제비꽃 type 3은 아장구형으로 나타났다. 해부학적 형질에서 엽병, 화경, 뿌리와 주맥의 횡단면을 관찰한 결과는 7개 집단이 유사한 형태로 나타나 차이점을 찾을 수 없었으며, 기공은 모두 잎의 아랫면에만 존재하였고, 단위 면적당 기공의 수는 결각이 심할수록 많은 것으로 나타났다. 핵 DNA의 ITS지역에 대한 염기서열 분석 결과 V. pinnata와 V. dissecta는 단계통을 형성하였고 군외군으로 부터 가장 먼저 분지되어 독립된 분계조를 형성하면서 나머지 분류군들을 위한 자매군으로 유집되어 태백제비꽃과 근연 분류군을 위한 조상형으로의 가능성을 제시하였다. 그러나 태백제비꽃의 종내분류군과 V. eizanensis가 포함된 그룹은 뚜렷한 분계조를 형성하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 엽록체 DNA의 trnL-F 지역에 대한 결과에서도 유사한 경향올 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 잎의 모양을 제외한 나머지 형질들은 태백제비꽃과 근연 분류군들을 구별하는데 유용하지 않은 것으로 확인되어 단풍제비꽃과 남산제비꽃은 태백제비꽃의 종하 분류군으로 취급하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups. Results: The most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate. Conclusion: The knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2000

금강초롱꽃 자생지 6지역(오대산, 향로봉, 대암산, 화악산, 점봉산, 설악산)에 대한 형태적 유연관계를 알아보기 위하여 외부형태, 주성분분석과 유집분석 등 수리분류학적 연구를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 외부형태형질 중 자생지간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이는 형질은 없었으며 형질의 연속성이 인정되었다. 조사된 6개 자생지의 71개체와 outgroup으로 사용한 검산초롱꽃 7개체, 총78개체 중 향로봉과 설악산 정상부에서 자라는 일부 개체들은 잎, 포엽의 형태 등 에서 다소 차이를 보여 구별이 가능하였다. Outgroup으로 사용된 검산초롱꽃은 꽃받침의 형태가 넓은 난형 으로 선형 또는 선상피침형인 금강초롱꽃과 구별되었으며 나머지 형질들은 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 17가지의 양적 형질을 이용한 주성분분석 결과 주성분1(22.3%), 주성분2(15.7%), 주성분3(12.0%)이 총 50.07%의 기여율을 보였으며, 주성분 1과 2를 이차원공간에 도시한 결과 6개 자생지 집단은 서로 중복되어 나타나 구별이 불가능하였다. 평균연결방법과 Ward's법 에 의한 유집분석 결과도 주성분분석과 매우 유사한 결과를 보여 유집이 불가능하였다.