• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.39-50
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• 2008

A study on fugitive dust dispersion was conducted at Saemanguem reclaimed area located at the west coastal area of Jeon-buk Province Total reclaimed area is 40,100ha developed by building a 33km long sea dike through Gunsan, Gimje, and Buan. (Land: 28,300ha, Fresh Water Lake: 11,800ha) After this area was completely reclaimed in 2006, there has been high possibility of dust generation and dispersion to the neighboring area. The dust generated at the reclaimed land was composed mainly of minerals with high salinity, and it could make harmful effect on crop production as well on to human's health such as eye irritation and respiratory disease. Especially, when those aerosol particles are reached on the leaves of farm crops, the photosynthesis and respiration of the plants can be under restraint resulting in the decrease of agricultural productivity of the nearby farm areas. Furthermore, highly concentrated salty particles can directly damage the leaf cells. In this study, field experiment has been conducted to regularly measure the locally suspended dust particles and analyze how they were dispersed to the neighboring areas. The collected dust particles were analyzed to examine theirs sizes, concentrations, and components. The SPSS statistical program was also used to separate the dust concentration generated by the reclaimed land from the total dust concentration measured at the measuring locations.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.2 no.6_7
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• pp.12-23
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• 1969

The purpose of this study is to find out the reasonable amount of evapo-transpiration required for the paddy rice plant during the whole growing season. So, on the basis of the 3year experimental data concerning the evapo-transpiration from 1966 to 1968, the author obtained the following results. 1) The leaf area index in the densely planted plot is generally higher than that in the conventionally planted one during the first half of growing season. So, the coefficient of transpiration in the former plot is some what higher than in the latter, and the coefficient of water surface evaporation under the plant cover has the inverse relation between both plots. 2) It is unreasonable that coefficient of evapo-transpiration is applied to the calculation of the evapo-transpiration requirments of each growing stage, because a certain degree of variation in meteorological factors and in the thickness of the plant growth is involved in it. 3) It is most reasonable that the rate of transpiration and of the water surface evaporation is applied to the calculation of the transpirated amount and evaporated one in each growing stage because it shows almost constant value in spite of any meteorological conditions in so far as the variety of rice, planted density and control of applying fertilizer are same and the disease and blight are negligible. 4) The ratio of the amount of transpiration to the weight of the whole air dried yields has the tendency of decreasing as that of the yields increase, having almost constant value despite the amount of pan evaporation; and the value is about 210 when the weight of root parts is included to that of the yields. 5) Although the required amount of transpiration during the whole growing season can be calculated with the above ratio, fig. 7 showing the relation between the amount of transpiration and the weight of the yields is more reasonable and will be convinient to find it. And the requirements of water surface evaporation during the same season can also be directly found with the weight of air dried straw refering to fig.8.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.332-335
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• 2015

Taphrina wiesneri, a pathogen of cherry witches' broom, is highly pathogenic to Prunus yedoensis Matsumura which are widely planted in parks and streets in South Korea. In order to control the disease, it is crucial to know the life cycle of the fungus. We attempted to detect the fungus tentatively overwintering in shoots and branches of cherry trees both having witches' broom and healthy before flowering and leafing in spring using PCR with species-specific primer set (TwITSF and TwITSR). Genomic DNAs were extracted from the symptomatic and the asymptomatic shoots or branches. Results indicated that T. wiesneri is present in leaf buds and inner bark not only in symptomatic branches but also in the asymptomatic branches in diseased trees. However, the fungus was not detected in flower buds of the symptomatic trees and any samples of healthy trees.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.313-335
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• 2005

Many plants take up soluble silica from the soil, and they deposit in plant tissues. Silica bodies are most commonly found in the leaf epidermis. Silica body is important factor in growth and development of plant. It help to maintain rigidity in stem and linear leaves, and its content may be correlated with resistance to fungal disease. In this study, several morphologically distinctive forms of silica bodies on Cyperaceae in Korea are recognized, which are eventually classified into two groups. Silica body type of first group (Rhynchospora, Fuirena, Scleria, Carex, Eriophorum) is A-type, which is conical in shape. Silica body type of second group (Cyperus, Scirpus, Eleocharis, Fimbristylis, Kyllinga, Bulbostylis, Lipocarpha) is B-type, which is conical in shape with numerous satellite body. These types are consistent enough to use as characters in taxonomic studies within genus. Silica body type may be associated with habitat: the species in dry region have A-type, whereas the species in wet region have B-type. These results suggested that shapes and presence or absence of silica body might be valuable to systematic analysis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

Bamboo leaves, as natural dye provide unartificial fresh green, are known for expert property at anti-bacterial, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, skin whitening, moisturizing, peeling of horny, deodorizing and some skin disease like as eczema and inflammation without any allergic response. Also, It is quite common to obtain bamboo leaves from our surrounding but most of them were not in use. On purpose of development the way of recycle with common material to dye, bamboo leaves were used to dye on ramie fiber which is valuable for both of apparel and industrial field and investigated their dyeing property. Using extract from bamboo leaves, dyeing property was examined with dyeability, colorimetric property, light fastness and wash fastness under different conditions by extract density, dyeing time, dyeing method and mordants. As results, dyeing was generally colored in yellowish, K/S Value was shown more higher on hemp fiber than ramie. The most optimum dyeing condition was investigated on pre-mordant treatment, dyeing temperature $60^{\circ}C$, dyeing time 30min and extract density 400%. On the treatment with mordant(Al, Fe, Cu), dyebility on both of hemp and ramie fiber were increased by mordant. Especially with Copper(Cu) as mordant, dyebility was highly increased than any other mordants and dyeings showed in deep color. Also on the fastness test which is the most important to natural dyeing, wash-fastness showed good performance with 4-5 grade but light-fastness was above 4 grade on both of hemp and ramie fiber, lower than wash-fastness overall.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1990

In order to Investigate the mechanism of the leaf-burning disease of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), studies on the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and the photooxidation of the pigments were carried out in comparison with the ones of soybean (G1ycine max L). The studies were mainly focalized on the effects of light intensity, light intensity, inhibitor and electron donor/acceptor of the Photosynthetic electron transport system. When we measured the amounts of 1O2 generated in the thylakoids of ginseng and soybean by the irradiation of light (300 w/m2) as a function its time. It was identified that a higher amount of 1O2 was formed in the ginseng thylakoid than the case of soybean. A generation ratio of lO2 between ginseng and soybean sltbstantially identical in the range of light intensities 50∼150w/m2 However much higher amount of 1O2 was generated in ginseng by irradiation of strong intensity of light (200 500w/m2). Wave length dependency on the generation of 1O2 and the pigment photooxidation was observed on ginseng thylakoids; red light (600-700 nm) gave a maximum effect in the contrast with blur green light (400-60 nm). When the ginseng thylalioid was treated with the electron donor (Mn2+) and acceptors (DCPIP, FeCy) of the photosynthetic electron transport system. a drastic inhibition of 1O2 generation was observed. However, treatment with its inhibitors (DCMU, KCW) activated 1O2 generation. An interesting fact that an electron donor or acceptor of the photosystem II(P680) Inhibited 1O2 generation, suggests an intimate relationship between 1O2 generation and photosystem II.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.757-763
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• 2003

In order to establish the optimal soil moisture, seeding date and nitrogen fertilization, yield and its components grown at 3 different seeding dates and 2 nitrogen fertilizations were compared and analyzed in adaly(Coix lachyma-jobi L. var. mayuen). The results are summarized as follows: Heading date and maturity date were earlier in early seeding date than in late seeding date. Days to heading was shortened as the seeding date was late. Stem length, stem diameter, and tiller number were increased in irrigation than control, and were decreased as the seeding date was late. The top and the root dry weight were increased in irrigation than in control, and were decreased as the seeding date was late. Net photosynthetic rate was increased significantly in irrigation. Occurrance of leaf blight disease was much lower in irrigation than in control. 1000 grain weight and grain yield were higher in irrigation than in control, and were decreased as the seeding date was late. Rate of sterility was lower in irrigation than in control.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1595-1599
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• 2012

Cell cycle activation and progression in vascular proliferative disease represent potent therapeutic targets. Luteolin, which occurs as glycosylated forms in celery, green pepper, perilla leaf, and camomile tea, has demonstrated antimutagenic, antitumorigenic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin on the proliferation of primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells induced by 5% fetal bovine serum. Luteolin at concentrations of 5, 20, and $50{\mu}M$ significantly inhibited this proliferation by 29.6, 50.8, and 83.1%, respectively. The incorporation of $[^3H]$-thymidine into DNA was also inhibited by 25.8, 57.6, and 81.0%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis of DNA content revealed that FBS-inducible cell cycle progression was blocked by luteolin. Luteolin showed no cytotoxicity in VSMCs in this experimental condition according to WST-1 assays. Luteolin may represent a potential anti-proliferative agent for treatment of angioplasty restenosis and atherosclerosis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.587-597
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• 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of target mRNAs in plants and animals. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs and their putative targets in Hibiscus syriacus, the national flower of South Korea. We employed high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs obtained from four different tissues (i.e., leaf, root, flower, and ovary) and identified 33 conserved and 30 novel miRNA families, many of which showed differential tissuespecific expressions. In addition, we computationally predicted novel targets of miRNAs and validated some of them using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis. One of the validated novel targets of miR477 was a terpene synthase, the primary gene involved in the formation of disease-resistant terpene metabolites such as sterols and phytoalexins. In addition, a predicted target of conserved miRNAs, miR396, is SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, which is involved in flower initiation and is duplicated in H. syriacus. Collectively, this study provides the first reliable draft of the H. syriacus miRNA transcriptome that should constitute a basis for understanding the biological roles of miRNAs in H. syriacus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

A Nodulisporium sp. (Hypoxylon sp.) has been isolated as an endophyte of Thelypteris angustifolia (Broadleaf Leaf Maiden Fern) in a rainforest region of Central America. It has been identified both on the basis of its morphological characteristics and by scanning electron microscopy as well as ITS sequence analysis. The endophyte produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have both fuel (mycodiesel) and use for biological control of plant disease. When grown on potato dextrose agar, the organism uniquely produces a series of ketones, including acetone; 2-pentanone; 3-hexanone, 4-methyl; 3-hexanone, 2,4-dimethyl; 2-hexanone, 4-methyl, and 5-hepten, 2-one and these account for about 25% of the total VOCs. The most abundant identified VOC was 1,8 cineole, which is commonly detected in this group of organisms. Other prominent VOCs produced by this endophyte include 1-butanol, 2-methyl, and phenylethanol alcohol. Moreover, of interest was the presence of cyclohexane, propyl, which is a common ingredient of diesel fuel. Furthermore, the VOCs of this isolate of Nodulisporium sp. were selectively active against a number of plant pathogens, and upon a 24 h exposure caused death to Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and 100% inhibition to Phytophthora cinnamomi with only slight to no inhibition of the other pathogens that were tested. From this work, it is becoming increasingly apparent that each isolate of this endophytic Nodulisporium spp., including the Daldina sp. and Hypoxylon spp. teleomorphs, seems to produce its own unique set of VOCs.