• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2014

The aircraft manufacturers are constantly driving to reduce manufacturing lead times and cost at the same time as the product complexity increases and technology continues to change. Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) is a solution that allows the aviation industry to manage their avionics complexity. IMA defines an integrated system architecture that preserves the fault containment and 'separation of concerns' properties of the federated architectures. In software side, the air transport industry has developed ARINC 653 specification as a standardized Real Time Operating System (RTOS) interface definition for IMA. It allows hosting multiple applications of different software levels on the same hardware in the context of IMA architecture. This paper describes a study that provided the avionics software design for separation of fault and backup of core function to reduce workload of pilot with cost efficiency.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2018

전기로 제강분진은 아연, 연, 철의 2차자원으로서 매우 중요하다. 또한 제강분진의 리싸이클링은 분진 중에 함유되어 있는 증금속 성분 등의 유해원소에 의한 환경문제의 처리에 유용한 방법이다. 본 조사는 기존의 전기로 제강분진을 처리하는 방법의 개선이나 새로운 처리방법의 개발을 위해 건식처리 방법에 대하여 알아보았다. 상업중인 처리방법은 노의 형상 등에 따라 로터리 킬른형, 회전노상형, 샤프트형, 용융환원로형 등으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이러한 처리에서의 생성물은 ZnO와 환원철 또는 슬래그이다. 제강분진으로부터 ZnO를 만드는 기구는 탄소 열환원과 공기에 의한 아연증기의 산화에 의한 것이다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a relatively common, but greatly underdiagnosed sleep-related breathing disorder, characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. OSA has been associated with a variety of cardiometabolic disease, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia, cerebrovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction. Neurocognitive impairment, including excessive daytime sleepiness, increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, is also related to OSA. Sleep fragmentation and related arousals during sleep lead to intermittent hypoxia, sympathetic activation, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation which provide biological plausibility to this pathologic mechanism. Extensive studies demonstrated that OSA is a modifiable risk factor for the above mentioned diseases and oral appliances (OAs), although continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) is a first-line therapy of OSA, are not inferior to CPAP at least in mild OSA, and may be an alternative to CPAP in CPAP-intolerant subjects with OSA. The goal of this article is to provide a current knowledge of pathologic link between OSA and cardiovascular disease, focusing on intermittent hypoxia, sympathetic activation, oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation. Then, previous epidemiologic studies will be reviewed to understand the causal relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease. Finally, the effects of OAs will be updated via recent metaanalyses compared to CPAP.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.482-488
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• 2008

국내 최초로 민간자본이 투자된 대형 지하철인 서울 9호선은 김포공항과 강남을 연결하는 1차 구간이 2009년 개통을 앞두고 있다. 지자체와 민간이 시설을 건설하고 전문 공공교통 서비스회사가 운영을 맡는 9호선은 보유한 자원을 최고로 활용하여 최대의 효율성을 이끌어낼 필요가 있으며, 관련 기관과의 적극적인 협력을 통한 핵심역량발휘와 경쟁력 제고가 필요하다. 본고에서는 9호선 운영분야에 초점을 맞추어 완급결합을 중심으로 한 9호선 운전체계와, 타 교통수단과의 연계, 공항철도와의 효과적인 직결운행 측면에서 9호선의 운영개선 방안을 제시한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2019

It is difficult to differentiate acute skin failure (ASF) from pressure ulcer (PU). ASF is defined as unavoidable injury resulting from hypoperfusion caused by severe dysfunction of another organ system. We describe a case of ASF mistaken as PU that resulted in a legal dispute. A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to our intensive care unit with sepsis due to bacterial pneumonia. Despite the use of air cushions and regular position changes, skin ulcerations occurred over his occiput, back, buttock, elbow, and ankle. After improvement in his general condition, he was transferred to the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Debridement was performed immediately, followed by conservative treatment (including a vacuum-assisted closure device) for 6 weeks. The buttock and occiput wounds were treated surgically. Despite complete healing, his caregivers sued the hospital for failing to prevent PU formation. ASF is a pressure-related injury resulting from hemodynamic instability due to organ system failure. Unlike PU, ASF may occur despite the implementation of all appropriate preventive measures. Furthermore, misdiagnosis of ASF as PU can lead to litigation. Therefore, it is critical for the proper diagnosis to be made quickly, and for physicians to explain that ASF occurs despite proper preventative treatment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2022

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x; NO and NO₂) are major air pollutants and can cause harmful effects on the human body. Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment (EBFGT) is a technology that generates electrons with an energy of 0.5-1 MeV using electron accelerators and effectively processes exhaust gases. In this study, NO_x was removed using an electron beam accelerator with spraying additives (NaOH and NH₄OH). NO and NO₂ were 100% and more than 94% removed, respectively, at an electron beam absorbed dose of 20 kGy and an additive concentration of 0.02 M (mol/L). In most cases, NO_x was removed better with lower initial NOx concentrations and higher electron beam absorbed doses. As the irradiation strength (mA) of the electron beam increases, the probability of electron impact on the material accordingly rises, which may lead to increase removal efficiency. The results of the present study show that the continuous electron beam process using additives achieved more effective removal efficiency than either individual process (wet-scrubbing or EB irradiation only).

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2022

As the environmental impacts of fossil fuel energy sources increase, the South Korean government has tried to change non-environmental-friendly enery sources to environmental-friendly energy sources in order to mitigate environmental effects, which lead to global warming and air pollution. With both a limited budget and limited time, it is essential to accurately evaluate the economic and environmental effects of renewable energy projects for the efficient and effective operation of renewable energy plants. Although the traditional economic evaluation methods are not ideal for evaluating the economic impacts of renewable energy projects, they can still be used for this purpose. Renewable energy projects involve many risks due to various uncertainties. For this reason, this study utilizes a real option method, the Geske compound model, to evaluate the renewable energy projects on Jeju Island in terms of economic and environmental values. This study has developed an economic evaluation model based on the Geske compound model to investigate the influences of flexibility and uncertainty factors on the evaluation process. This study further conducts a sensitivity analysis to examine how two uncertainty factors (namely, investment cost and wind energy production) influence the economic and environmental value of renewable energy projects.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2023

Damage to gas and fire protection piping systems can lead to secondary disasters after an earthquake, so their seismic design is crucial. Accordingly, various types of seismic restraint installations are being devised, and a new suspended piping trapeze restraint installation has also recently been developed in Korea. In this study, a cyclic loading test was performed on the developed trapeze support system, and its performance was evaluated according to ASHRAE 171, the standard for seismic and wind restraint design established by the American Society of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The three support system specimens did not break or fracture, causing only insignificant deformations until the end of the experiment. Based on the experimentally rated strength and displacement performance, this trapeze support system is expected to control the seismic movement of piping during an earthquake.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.19.1-19.18
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• 2021

Clinical and molecular phenotypes of asthma are complex. The main phenotypes of adult asthma are characterized by eosinophil and/or neutrophil cell dominant airway inflammation that represent distinct clinical features. Upper and lower airways constitute a unique system and their interaction shows functional complementarity. Although human upper airway contains various indigenous commensals and opportunistic pathogenic microbiome, imbalance of this interactions lead to pathogen overgrowth and increased inflammation and airway remodeling. Competition for epithelial cell attachment, different susceptibilities to host defense molecules and antimicrobial peptides, and the production of proinflammatory cytokine and pattern recognition receptors possibly determine the pattern of this inflammation. Exposure to environmental factors, including infection, air pollution, smoking is commonly associated with asthma comorbidity, severity, exacerbation and resistance to anti-microbial and steroid treatment, and these effects may also be modulated by host and microbial genetics. Administration of probiotic, antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment for asthma may modify the composition of resident microbiota and clinical features. This review summarizes the effect of some environmental factors on the upper respiratory microbiome, the interaction between host-microbiome, and potential impact of asthma treatment on the composition of the upper airway microbiome.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 10th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.238-241
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• 2024

With the development of living standard, people spend more time indoors, and the diversified home decoration will lead to indoor hazardous gas emission. Among them, formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the most important sources of indoor air pollution, which is commonly found in building materials as a human carcinogen. To address this issue, we developed highly efficient multifunctional green building coatings (GBC) by TiO₂, enhancement silica fume (ESF) and spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (sFCCC). Among these prepared GBC, the GBC-0.8 exhibited HCHO removal efficiency of 85.0 % under visible light at ambient temperature, which was much higher than that of commercial coatings (30.8%). In addition, moisture adsorption-desorption carrier tests were executed by different humidity. The humidity control capacity of GBC-0.8 could reach 293.8 g/m² and demonstrate superior stability after 3 cycles. Compared with pristine TiO₂, the addition of ESF and sFCCC showed higher specific surface area and pore size distribution, which was beneficial to improve humidity control and photocatalytic degradation performance. This study provides a promising green method for designing multifunctional green building materials coatings to recycle waste into high-value products and remove HCHO at room temperature