• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.695-708
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• 2008

함동 장풍광산에서 산성 환경에 노출된 폐광석 원소의 지화학적 거동을 파악하기 위한 용출실험과 총함량 분석을 실시하였다. 주변의 오염되지 않은 토양 내의 원소 함량과 폐광석 내의 원소함량을 비교하였을 때, 농집이 많은 순서는 As>>Cu>Pb>Cd>Co이다. 산성비 ($0.00001{\sim}0.001N\;HNO_3$)와 산성배수($0.001{\sim}0.1N\;HNO_3$)를 고려한 산도변화에 따른 용출 실험 결과, 산용액과 24시간 반응한 후의 최종 pH 변화 형태를 3가지 유형으로 구분하였다. 산도를 더 낮아지게 할 수 있는 광물의 용해 작용으로 반응 용액의 pH보다 더 낮은 최종 pH를 나타내는 유형 1과 pH를 완충할 수 있는 광물이 존재하여 반응용액의 pH보다 높은 pH를 유지하는 유형 2.3으로 구분되었다. 원소의 용출거동 특성은 비소-코발트-철과 구리-망간-카드뮴-아연 그리고 납으로 구분할 수 있었다. 비소-코발트-철의 용출특성은 약산성의 환경에서는 용출이 미약하나, 최종 pH 1.5 이하의 강산성환경에서는 용출량이 급격하게 증가하며, 구리-망간-카드뮴-아연형태에서는 최초로 용해되는 pH가 $7.0{\sim}3.0$으로 pH $2.5{\sim}1.5$에게서 최초 용출이 발생하는 비소-코발트-철보다 높았다. 납은 원소에 비해 상당히 적게 용출되었다. 최종 용출된 함량과 관계없이 초기 용출이 발생하는 pH값을 기준으로 한 각 원소의 상대적인 이동성은 망간 아연>카드뮴>구리>>철 코발트>비소>납 순서이며, 산성비는 아연, 망간 및 구리를 쉽게 용출시킬 것이고, 산성광산배수의 발생은 이동도가 낮은 원소(비소, 철, 코발트 그리고 납)의 분산을 야기할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2015

The main objective of this study is to recovery valuable metals with metal particle size distributions in waste cell phone PCBs(Printed Circuit Boards) by means of pulverization and nitric acid process. The particle size classifier also was evaluated by specific metal contents. The PCBs were pulverized by a fine pulverizer. The particle sizes were classified by 5 different sizes which were PcS1(0.2 mm below), PcS2(0.20~0.51 mm), PcS3(0.51~1.09 mm), PcS4(1.09~2.00 mm) and PcS5(2.00 mm above). Non-magnetic metals in the grinding particles were separated by a hand magnetic. And then, Cu, Co and Ni were separated by 3M nitric acid. Particle diameter of PCBs were 0.388~0.402 mm after the fine pulverizer. The sorting coefficient were 0.403~0.481. The highest metal content in PcS1. And the bigger particle diameter, the lower the valuable metals exist. The recovery rate of the valuable metals increases in smaller particle diameter with same leaching conditions. For further work, it could improve to recovery of the valuable metals effectively by means of individual treatment, multistage leaching and different leaching solvents.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.30-33
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• 2001

Melting is one of the most effective treatments for stabilizing heavy metals and also creates high value by-products. In this study, authors evaluated the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in melting slag obtained from incinerator ashes. In order to evaluate the environmental compatibility of the recycled melting slag, the samples analysed various leaching tests of heavy metals were raw incinerator ashes, melting slag and the construction materials recycled from melting slag. As the results: (1) The leaching concentrations of tile melting slag were lower than those of the raw incinerator ashes in the experiment performed in accordance with Korea Standard Leaching Test (KSLT). (2) The result of leaching test with the method of RG Min-StB 93. FGSV Forschungsgesellschaft fur Stra $\beta$ en- und Verkehrswesen) met the requirements in German. (3) The compressive strengths of mortar samples used for evaluating the feasibility of recycling the melting slag as construction materials also showed the suitable range for recycling (4) Melting slag was considered the stable materials with respect to the chemical stability against chemical solutions with various pH conditions.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.244-250
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 황사빗물이 중ㆍ저준위 방사성 폐기물 시멘트 고화체에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험은 ANS 16.1 실험법을 채택하였다. Co 핵종을 포함한 시멘트 고화체를 제작한 후, 대기 중 황사성분의 질량농도를 이용해 침출수의 부피, 이온 및 금속의 농도 등을 결정한다. 실험을 위해 대기 중 황사 부하량이나 강수에 포함되는 황사성분의 양, 처분장의 면적 등은 적합한 가정을 통해 결정하였다. 본 논문에서는 황사의 특성에 대해 간략히 소개하고 침출 실험의 준비과정으로 실험 조건을 결정한 후에, 90일간의 침출실험을 통해 나온 결과로 황사빗물에 의한 시멘트 고화체의 영향을 평가ㆍ분석하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1999

The possibility of heavy metal pollution by contaminated roadside soils was studied under controlled conditions. The soil samples from roadside and those from a retention pond consisting of settling particles were characterized by the XRD analyses and the sequential extraction experiments. Characterization by sequential extraction, for roadside soil indicates elevate total concentrations of heavy metals. The leaching behavior of the samples under different pH and time conditions were also studied. Differences between both types of samples result mainly from the buffering effect of carbonates, present in roadside soils and lacking from settling particles. Acid leaching of the settling particles is equivalent to the sum of FI+FII+FIII, while the amounts leached from roadside soil are lower probably from kinetic reasons. The buffering effects of carbonates were found to greatly delay the onset of the leaching reactions and the extent of dissolution in most metals except for Ca and Mn. The study of leaching kinetics at pH of 6.5 and 5 showed that Cd and Zn reached the maximum possible concentration within 3 days, while Pb did not show any sign of dissolution at both ph values. The absolute amounts of dissolved Cd and Zn increased by 7 to 9 times by decreasing the pH from 6.5 to 5, indicating slightly acidified rain may result in significant metal dissolution. As deduced from both sequential extraction and leaching experiments, the relative mobility of heavy metals is found to be : Mn=Cd>Zn>>Pb>Fe, in spite of large differences in heavy metal contents and localizations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권6호
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• pp.779-791
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• 2023

Long-termly used in water supply, an underground concrete pipe is easily subjected to the coupled action of pressure loading and flowing water, which can cause the chemo-mechanical damage of the pipe, resulting in its premature failure and lifetime reduction. Based on the leaching characteristics and damage mechanism of concrete pipe, this paper proposes a coupled chemo-mechanical damage and failure model of underground concrete pipe for water supply, including a calcium leaching model, mechanical damage equation and a failure criterion. By using the model, a numerical simulation is performed to analyze the failure process of underground concrete pipe, such as the time-varying calcium concentration in concrete, the thickness variation of pipe wall, the evolution of chemo-mechanical damage, the distribution of concrete stress on the pipe and the lifetime of the pipe. Results show that, the failure of the pipe is a coupled chemo-mechanical damage process companied with calcium leaching. During its damage and failure, the concentrations of calcium phase in concrete decrease obviously with the time, and it can cause an increase in the chemo-mechanical damage of the pipe, while the leaching and abrasion induced by flowing water can lead to the boundary movement and wall thickness reduction of the pipe, and it results in the stress redistribution on the pipe section, a premature failure and lifetime reduction of the pipe.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1541-1554
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• 2016

To understand the characteristics of vanadium leaching from soils formed by the weathering of basalts, paleo soil at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea, and several present-day soils from neighboring areas were collected. Leaching experiments were carried out by two approaches: 1) batch experiments under various geochemical conditions (redox potential (Eh) and pH) and 2) continuous leaching experiments under conditions similar to those of natural environments. From the batch experiments, leached vanadium concentrations were highest under alkaline (NaOH) conditions, with a maximum value of $2,870{\mu}g/L$, and were meaningful (maximum value, $114{\mu}g/L$) under oxidizing ($H_2O_2$) conditions, whereas concentrations under other conditions (acidic-HCl, $neutral-NaHCO_3$, and $reducing-Na_2S_2O_3$) were negligible. This indicated that the geochemical conditions, in which soil-water reactions occurred to form groundwater with high vanadium concentrations, were under alkaline-oxidizing conditions. From the continuous leaching experiments, the pH and leached vanadium concentrations of the solution were in the ranges of 5.45~5.58 and $6{\sim}9{\mu}g/L$, respectively, under $CO_2$ supersaturation conditions for the first 15 days, whereas values under $O_2$ aeration conditions after the next 15 days increased to 8.48~8.62 and $9.7{\sim}12.2{\mu}g/L$, respectively. Vanadium concentrations from the latter continuous leaching experiments were similar to the average concentration of groundwater in Jeju Island ($11.2{\mu}g/L$). Furthermore leached vanadium concentrations in continuous leaching experiments were highly correlated with pH and Al, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations. The results of this study showed that 1) alkaline-oxidizing conditions of water-rock (soil) interactions were essential to form vanadium-rich groundwater and 2) volcanic soils can be a potential source of vanadium in Jeju Island groundwater.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2002

분쇄, 자력선별을 통하여 철 성분을 제거한 폐망간전지 분말을 대상으로 침출제 농도, 온도, 고액비, 교반속도 등을 변화시키면서 황산용액에서 아연과 망간의 침출실험을 수행하였다. 침출시료의 X선 회절분석 결과 아연은 금속아연과 아연산화물, 망간은 이산화망간과 +3가 망간산화물로 존재하고 있어 황산에 의한 아연의 선택침출이 어렵다는 것을 확인하였다. 폐망간전지의 분쇄산물을 대상으로 황산침출을 행한 결과 고액비 1:10, 황산농도 1 M, 반응온도 $60^{\circ}C$, 교반속도 200 r.p.m에서 60분간 침출하였을 때 아연과 망간의 침출율은 각각 92%, 35%로 나타났으며, 반응 후 침출용액의 pH는 0.75, 침출용액 중 아연 및 망간의 농도는 각각 19.5 g/l, 7.8 g/l 이었다. 폐망간전지 분말의 황산침출시 망간의 침출율을 향상시키기 위해서는 환원제의 사용이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 국산 99.7%순도의 수산화알루미늄을 대상으로 미량원소로 함유되어 있는 Na, Ca및 Fe의 제거실험을 수행하였다. 용출액으로는 유기산인 oxalic acid와 citric acid를 사용하였으며 수산화알루미늄은 초기 입도가 서로 다른 2종류의 시료를 사용하였다. 수산화알루미늄의 미립화를 위해 ball mill을 사용하여 미분쇄 실험을 수행하였으며, 용출조건에 따른 미량원소의 용출특성을 조사하였다. 실험결과 0.1$\sim$1.0mole/l 농도범위에서 oxalic acid에 의한 원소 용출율이 citric acid보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 유기산 농도가 증가할수록 또한 반응온도가 증가할수록 원소의 용출율은 증가하였다. 미분쇄 공정시 순수한 물에 의한 Na의 용출율은 약 45%에 달해 aluminum hydroxide에 함유된 Na성분의 상당 부분은 수용성 화합물인 것으로 확인되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2023

Cemented uranium tailings backfill created from alkali-activated slag (CUTB) is an effective method of disposing of uranium tailings. Using some environmental functional minerals with ion exchange, adsorption, and solidification abilities as backfill modified materials may improve the leaching resistance of the CUTB. Natural zeolite, which has good ion exchange and adsorption characteristics, is selected as the backfill modified material, and it is added to the backfill materials with cementitious material proportions of 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% to prepare CUTB mixtures with environmental functional minerals. After the addition of natural zeolite, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the CUTB decreases, but the leaching resistance of the CUTB increases. When the natural zeolite content is 12%, the UCS reaches the minimum value of 8.95 MPa, and the concentration of uranium in the leaching solution is 0.28-8.07 mg/L, the leaching rate R₄₂ is 9.61×10^-7 cm/d, and cumulative leaching fraction P₄₂ is 8.53×10^-4 cm, which shows that the alkali-activated slag cementitious material has a good curing effect on the CUTB, and the addition of environmental functional minerals helps to further improve the leaching resistance of the CUTB, but it reduces the UCS to an extent.