• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.108-110
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• 2000

A 12-w feeding trial was conducted with 600 38-wk-old layers to evaluate the nutritive value of high oil corn(HOC) in layer diets. For the control, a commercial corn-soybean meal basal diet was used. An iso-calorie diet(HOC-ISO) was prepared replacing corn with HOC in the control diet. In addition a third diet was prepared by simply replacing corn with HOC on 1:1 basis to give a high energy diet(HOC-1:1). There were 5 replicates per treatment, and 40 birds per replicate. Birds were housed in an open-sided layer house equipped with wire cages. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and 17L:7D lighting program was adopted. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found among dietary treatments in laying performance. Also physical qualities of eggs were not significantly affected by the feeding of HOC. Although not significant, HOC-ISO tended to improve the laying rate during the summer. The HOC feeding significantly increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in egg yolk, especially the linoleic acid The AME contents of Chinese yellow corn, U.S. corn, and HOC were 3177, 3158 and 3387 kcal/kg respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and NH3 emissions from different types of laying hens poultry houses during spring. The concentrations of PM and NH3 were measured three times (2-week intervals; March to May) in Floor-pen-, Aviary-, and Cage-type poultry houses. Overall, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were found to be low from 22:00 to 04:00. The PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in Floor-pen and Cage houses were similar with no significant daily deviation. NH₃ concentrations measured over 24 h at the center and end of Floor-pen house were relatively constant. Irrespective of measurement location, NH₃ concentrations were the lowest in Floor-pen house. Moreover, NH₃ concentrations were higher at the end of Floor-pen and Aviary houses than that at the center; however, lower concentrations of NH₃ were detected at the end of Cage house. The concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 around the poultry houses were 57.5 and 34.0 ㎍/m³, respectively, with the daily average PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations (4,730 and 447.7 ㎍/m³, respective) being the highest in Aviary house. The concentrations of NH₃ at the center and end of Cage house were the highest at 12.0 and 9.31 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, in Cage house, the emission factor of NH₃ was the lowest, whereas there was no significant difference on that of NH₃. In conclusion, among the three types of poultry houses assessed, PM (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) concentrations were higher in Aviary house, whereas NH3 concentrations were higher in Cage house.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

Broken eggs not only cause the economic loss in the egg producing industry, but also may not be good for the consumer's health. In order to identify the causes of eggshell breakage in laying hen houses, analyses on the status of eggshell breakage in the step of egg conveyer system of the laying hen house were conducted. The survey of eggshell breakage rate was implemented by four different stages egg conveying system. In the results, the breakage rate showed 4.7% in the egg collection belt, 2.5% in the egg elevator, 1.7% in the egg grading system and 0.9% in the egg conveyor belt. In particular, to Hy-line Brown variety, as the hens' raising week old increased, the breakage rate of eggshell increased while the strength of eggshell decreased. In the regression analysis between the breakage rate of eggshell and the strength of eggshell, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) by the test of significance was computed as 0.7, therefore the changes of the strength of eggshell affects the breakage rate of eggshell. However, between the strength of eggshell and thickness of egg shell, and between the strength of eggshell and strain of eggshell, there was no significant difference detected in the regression analysis.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

This study was carried out to measure and analyze the characteristics of noise and vibration, and to analyze their effects on the productivity of layers, mechanical troubles, and abnormal wear-out failure of facilities and equipment of the layer house. The measurements of noise and vibration were taken at 13 layer farms nationwide for the operations of feed supplier system, feed distribution system, automatic egg collection system, ventilation system, blot conveyer for layer feces, and fur the case of with and without their operation by a sound level meter and a vibration measuring system in the layer house equipped with upright multi-tier cages. Measurement results showed that normal times were noise(N) 82 dB and vibration(V) 0.2072 cm/s, feed supplier system were 90 dB(N) and 2.8560 cm/s(V), feed distribution system were 90 dB(N) and 2.0222 cm/s(V), automatic egg collection system were 87 dB(N) and 0.1865 cm/s(V), ventilation system 88 dB(N) and 2.5364 cm/s(V), belt conveyer fur layer feces were 88 dB(N) and 0.2387 cm/s(V), and then maximum values of noise and vibration were 90 dB and 2.8560 cm/s, respectively, when feeding systems(feed supplying system and feed distribution system) were operated. Based on these results, an experiment is being conducted to find out the effect of noise and vibration on the productivity of layers in the layer house equipped with upright multi-tier cages.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

This study was conducted to compare the egg productivity, egg quality, and blood characteristics of laying hens with different laying rates, and the frequency and cumulative duration of the sitting behavior observed before laying was investigated. Twelve 45-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with three replicates. Treatment groups were classified as layers laying over 80%(high egg performance layers; HEP) and layers laying below 50%(poor egg performance layers; PEP). The experiment lasted 4 weeks. HEP showed higher hen-house egg production ratio and egg mass and lower feed conversion ratio(FCR) (P<0.05) compared with PEP, although egg weight was higher in PEP (P<0.05). In terms of egg quality, PEP showed differences in eggshell quality (eggshell color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight) (P<0.05). Additionally, HEP showed high triglycerides(TG), and PEP showed high alanine transaminase(ALT) level (P<0.05) in serum collected in the morning. In the afternoon, the HEP showed higher lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels (P<0.05). No differences in the Ca: P ratio were observed between layers with different laying rates. One hour before egg laying, HEP exhibited sitting behavior 4 times on average, each lasting 25 minutes. In conclusion, egg production and quality differ between HEP and PEP, and HEP showed frequent sitting behavior before egg laying. However, additional research is necessary to explore approaches other than specific behavioral observation to distinguish poor layers in the flock for application in farms.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to find out the current status and features of earth housing, and to explore users' level of satisfaction and needs of improvement about earth housing. Primary findings are as follows: (1) The area of earth housing is generally 25-34 pyong and the construction cost of earth housing is usually 3,000,000-3,400,000 won per pyong. (2) The age of earth house users is generally forties, fifties, and sixties. And their occupation is usually retiree and farmer. The age of earth based pension users is generally twenties and thirties. (3) The construction method of earth housing is usually earth brick structure reinforced with wood structure and earth brick structure(adobe). (4) The finish of outer wall is generally earth brick laying and earth plaster. And the finish of inner wall is usually wall paper and earth plaster. Roof tile and asphalt shingle is frequently observed as roof finish. (5) Users' satisfaction about earth housing is investigated high level. Especially, the satisfaction degrees about faculty of humidity control, stink elimination, prevention from sick house syndrome, support for psychological stabilization and deep sleep are observed very highly. (6) Reduction of construction cost and prevention of crack is investigated as needs of improvement about earth housing.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.15-25
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• 2008

By population graying, elderly residing problem is risen by social problem. Specially, because residing is occupying many parts in psychological sentimentalize stability of elderly senescence, it is misgovernment that suitable countermeasure is pressing hereupon with governmental interest so that elderly age may can inhabit to suitable residing space. The purposes of this research used content analysis method about elderly residing support policy laying stress on data of elderly residing support policy connection literature, virtue research etc.. and research result is as following ; First, as elderly residing connection equipment is permitted by common people subject operation in government burden gradually in van abroad including our country, supply of elderly equipment is spreading. Second, support about elderly dependent is introducing house priority supply system to financial favors benefit and income tax exemption, aged parents supporter being increasing. Third, through reconstruction and so on of house, real elderly's ashes are developing by support policy. Also, is administering elderly residing support policy by total service that can support elderly aging in place.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1996

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA), known as an effective anticarcinogen in several aminal models, on the egg production and egg weight of laying hens, and the weight gains of broilers were investigated. CLA was synthesized from corn oil by the alkaline isomerization method and purified by the low-temperature precipitation method. Diets for laying hens and for broilers were synthesized to meet the specification of their NRC standard rationals. Two separated experiments(Experiment I and II) were conducted for laying hens. in experiment I, 45 hens(300 days of age) were divided into 15 hens per treatment group; each hen was housed in wired cage located in a temperature and humidity-controlled house and adopted to the control diet. One week later, each group was subjected to one the four treatment groups for 5 weeks : control, 1.0% CLA, 2.5% CLA and 5.0% CLA diets. Diet and water were ad libitum. The condition of experiment II was the same as that of experiment I except for the addition of 5% corn oil diet and the extension of feeding period to 7 weeks. Egg production, egg weight and feed intake were recorded every week. Forty-five broilers(10day of age) were adopted to the control diet for a week and then switched to the treatment diets for 5 weeks : control, 1.0% CLA, 2.5% CLA, 5% CLA and 5% corn oil, Body weight and feed intake of broilers were measured every week. Diets supplemented with various amounts of CLA enhanced the egg production and increased the egg weight regardless laying hen's age(150 days or 300 days) as compared to control diet. The most effective diet for the egg production and egg weight of young hens(150 days of age) was found to be 1.0% CLA diet, but relatively higher CLA diet(2.5% CLA) was required for old hens (300 day of age) to obtain similar results as seen in younger hens. All hens treated with CLA ate greater amount of feed than control hens. Broilers treated with various amount of CLA ate less feed as compared to control ones, but the body weight gain was greater than the control broilers. These results indicate that CLA enhanced the egg production and agg weight of laying hens, and increased the body weight gain of broilers with less diet consumption.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1980

About 6 to 8% of the eggs annually produced are broken or cracked between the hen and the consumer's carton. The majority of this breakage is due to interrelationships between egg shell quality and the many biological, environmental and managerial factors which have been individually identified as affecting breakage. Some of the factors associated with shell damage discussed in this review include age of hens, temperature ana humidity of the laying house, design of the cage systems and of the cage floors, type of material used to manufacture the cages frequency of daily egg collection in the laying house and, Probably most important, the frequency and quality of handling equipment maintenance. Age and genetic constitution of the hens, environmental temperature, and design and quality of equipment maintenance are the major factors that influence shell breakage. There is a curvilinear relationship between shell quality and shell breakage which explains why small changes in shell quality may be associated with large changes in the incidence of breakage. Published data indicate the incidence of breakage may range from as low as 1 to 2% to 35% or more for other egg producers.