• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.565-580
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• 2006

Set in constant increase and period current of lively technical development of railroad use and construction of cable stayed bridge railway bridge, one of bridge form of most suitable that think side police officer and the material enemy of bridge that use long rail, is increasing laying stress on the foreign countries. Main tower fixing department of this cable stayed bridge is consisted of main tower flange that support bearing plate, bay ring plate bearing plate, support end rib and diaphragm etc, as stress transmission mechanic that tensility of cable socket into normal force of main tower, and is used this time. These structural elements is very complex the structure and direction of load delivered from socket specially calbe particularly be different, and need FEM analysis that use Thick Shell element for suitable arrangement of mutual stress flowing grasping and absence that follow hereupon because all of the each support plate angle that suport this differ.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.130-132
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different dietary ME and CP on post-molt performance of spent laying hens. Four hundred and thirty two, ISA brown after molt induction were fed 6 experimental diets containing 3 ME(2,750, 2,800, 2,850 kcal/kg) and 2 CP(15, 17%) levels in factorial design. The influence of ME and CP were measured on body weight, egg production, egg weight and feed intake throughout 24 weeks of production. Egg mass and FCR were calculated for the entire experimental period body weight remained less in hens receiving 2,800 kcal/kg. ME and showed the highest egg Production coupled with 15% CP. Feed intake decreased with the increasing level of ME and CP. As the results of this experiment, 2,800 kcal/kg ME can be used to maintain the low body weight and to obtain higher egg production with 15% CP in induced molting hens.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.274-278
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• 2008

Paratlanticus ussuriensis oviposited from early July to mid-September under laboratory condition. A female laid on average 145 eggs during the period of reproduction and over 54% of the eggs were laid within 2 weeks after the first laying. The average depth of egg-laying in soil was 19.4 mm under surface. The average major axis of an egg was 5.7 mm and the minor axis was 2.0 mm. Just before hatching, the egg swelled about twice the weight of a newly laid. In tests of ovipositional preference in different types of media, more eggs were laid in soil than in vermiculite or in $Oasis^{(R)}$ floral form. Females also prefer shaded places in the field for reproduction, away from sunshine. In terms of the strategy for egg survival, adult moves to the hill-side adjacent to orchard farm to find a proper place for their egg laying and its survival in winter.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

The effects of dietary humic substances (HS) on egg Production and egg Quality were studied using 252(55-wk old) ISA brown laying hens. laying were divided into 21 groups of 12 hens each and seven groups (experimental units) were assigned to 1) CON (basal diet), 2) HS5 (basal diet 4- 5% humic substances) or 3) HS10 (basal diet +10% humic substances) in a completely randomized block design. Hens had free access to diets and water fur 6 wk. Egg Production and egg quality were monitored over the 6-wk Period. Results showed that 10% dietary HS decreased egg Production and yolk diameter (P<0.05) compared to CON. Egg weight and yolk cole. were improved (P<0.05) in HS10 compared to CON. Egg shell breaking strength was increased significantly (P<0.05) when hens were fed HS5 diet compared to the others. There were no effects of treatments on egg shell thickness, yolk index, albumen height and Haugh nit. The results suggest that the dietary supplementation of HS at 5% or 10% decreases egg Production, but HS at 5% can increase egg shell breaking strength. Hens fed 10% HS could increase egg weight and yolk color and decrease yolk diameter.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 1989

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels and protein feeding systems on the performance of laying hens. Total 960 White Leghorn pullets were alloted in 10 treatments consisted of 1 metabolizable energy levels (2,900 and 2,600 kcal/kg) and 5 protein feeding systems (17-17-15%, 17-15-13%, 15-15-15%15-15-13% and 15-13-13% in phase I, II and/or III, respectively) from 20 to 80 weeks or age. As metabolizable energy level increased from 2,600 to 2.900 kcal/kg of diet, e99 Productions in phase I and II were not different but decreased in phase III. Egg weight was not different, but daily feed intake and viability were decreased in phase I, II and III. Feed conversions in phase I and II were improved but in phase III it was not different. On the other hand, as dietary Protein level increased from 13 to 17%, egg production and egg weight were increased, and feed conversion was improved , but daily feed intake and viability were not affected by the dietary protein level. For the laying period of 60 weeks, metabolizable energy level of 2,600 kcal/kg of diet and 17, 15 and 13% dietary protein levels in phase I, II and III, respectively, were considered to be adequate to support the optimum productivity.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary Agariemycetes on egg quality and fecal noxious gas concentration in laying hens. A total of two hundred forty laying hens were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates of twelve chicks per pen. The experiment lasted 42 days with a 7-day adjustment period. Dietary treatments were as follows: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) A1 (basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.1%), 3) A3 (basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.3%) and 4) A5 (basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.5%). There was no significant difference in egg production and egg weight between CON and Agariemycetes treatments. During the second week of the experiment, eggshell breaking strength was higher in A3 and A5 treatments than that in CON treatment (P<0.05). Besides, eggshell breaking strength in P5 treatment was higher when compared with that in CON treatment (P<0.05) in the sixth week. During the second week of the experiment, eggshell thickness was higher in Agariemycetes treatments than CON treatment (P<0.05). Also, A5 treatment was higher than other treatments in the fourth week of the experiment (P<0.05). At the end of the second week, yolk color unit in A5 treatment was lower compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). During the fourth week of the experiment, CON treatment was higher than A3 treatment (P<0.05). During the second week of the experiment, Haugh unit in A3 treatment was greater than that in CON treatment (P<0.05). At the end of six weeks, Haugh unit in CON treatment was lower than other treatments (P<0.05). Fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were increased in Agariemycetes treatments when compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Compared with CON and A5 treatments, fecal mercaptans was higher than in other treatments in first of the experiment (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study indicated that the addition of Agariemycetes in the diet improved the egg quality and decreased the feacal noxious gas concentration in laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.229-233
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• 2003

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different BW control methods during rearing on laying performance of broiler breeder pullets. D-old 540 female breeder chicks (Arbor Acres) were assigned to three treatments consisted of standard BW (Control), 110% of standard BW at 12 wk of age (T1), and 90% of standard BW at 12 wk of age (T2), with three replicates of 60 birds per replicate (pen) for each treatment. At 20 wk of age, all birds from three treatments reached the BW reqired in the Arbor Acres Manual. There were no significant differences in egg production, egg weight and viability during laying period(p>0.05). However, total egg production rates were improved in T2 and T3. Average egg weight was the highest in T1 among all treatments. Fertility and hatchability were similar among treatments, but T2 tended to be higher than other treatments at 37 and 53 wk of age. No significant difference was found in hatchability among three treatments. The number of hatching egg of T2 reached 168 per year, showing higher number of eggs than did the other treatments. The number of hatched chicks in T2 was 131, which was also higher than the other treatments, but the difference was not significant. It appears that the laying performance of broiler breeder hens could be improved when their BW at 12 wk of age are kept at 90% of standard BW, and reach the standard BW at 20 week of age.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding colored barley (CB) and whole crop barley (WCB) on performance, egg quality and blood composition of laying hens. A total of 280, 35 weeks old Brown Nick laying hens were allocated into the individual cage for the period of four weeks. Experimental diets contained 2,750 kcal/kg ME and 16% CP, respectively. The treatments consisted of 5, 10, 15% CB and WCB as feed ingredients with control and there were five replications in each treatment. Higher egg production was noticed at 10% level of CB and 5% level of WCB in the diets, respectively. Feed intake was higher in WCB and CB treatments compared to those of the control (P<0.05), but the feed conversion was not different. Yolk color tended to increase both in WCB and CB groups. Haugh unit seemed to increase WCB treatments. When the CB and WCB were fed at 15% level, blood total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol and triglyceride contents were decreased than that of the control birds, but total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol tended to be higher with the increasing level of WCB. As results, no significant differences were observed in performance and egg quality with different levels of dietary WCB and CB. Thus, CB and WCB can be substituted as a feed ingredient up to 15% level in the laying hens' diet. However, further studies are required by feeding more than 15% levels of CB and WCB in the diet of laying hens.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

An investigation was conducted to determine the characteristics of seasonal occurrences and effective insecticides for minimizing the occurrence of Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli in sweet persimmon orchards. Most of the nymphs or female scales that mated in mid-September overwintered on twigs, matured to lay eggs in the next spring in accordance with temperature increase, and survived till mid to late May to lay all of their eggs. Males mostly died after mating by the end of September, while the males on the fallen leaves died during the hibernating period. Egg laying in P. cockerelli showed differences in accordance with the weather conditions in each year. They laid eggs from mid-April to mid- or late May, with a peak in early or mid-May. A female was estimated to lay 160 eggs; eggs hatched a week later from the peak period of egg laying. In summer, egg laying started in early or mid-July and ended in mid- or late August, with a peak in late July or early August; a female laid approximately 130 eggs in summer. The estimated egg period was 4 days. The first generation nymph that hatched from the eggs laid by the overwintered female on twigs showed 10% occurrence on twigs and 90% on leaves. The first generation nymphs on twigs mostly developed into female scales. The occurrence of the second generation nymphs reached a peak on July 27, 2009; they lived on the twigs as their overwintering site from mid- or late August. The female and male scales on leaves developed at the similar rate as the first generation nymphs up to August. The occurrence of male scales indicated that the peak occurrence of nymphs was on August 12, 2009, male scales on August 27, and adults approximately on September 14, which showed steady relationship in the sequence of development from nymphs to adult males. Among the nymphs that occurred on the leaves on August 12, 75% of them emerged into male adults, mated, and died. Buprofezine+dinotefurn (20+15) WP treatment on June 9 and 16 resulted in 90.6% control of P. cockerelli, when mortality was checked 7 weeks after treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of a molting diet method in molt induction and post-molt performance of laying hens. Eighty-one ISA Brown hens at 62 wk of age were randomly divided into three groups. After a 4-wk preliminary period, a control group was fed a corn-soybean-based layer diet, and for the other groups, molting was induced by starvation (MS) or feeding a molting diet (MD). For the MS group, feed was withdrawn for 2 wk; this was followed by feeding a layer diet every other day for 1 wk and then the control diet. The MD group was fed a molting diet containing low-protein and low-energy diet based for 4 wk; this was followed by feeding a layer diet. They had a free access to their diet and water. Egg production, egg quality, feed intake, and ovary and oviduct weights were measured throughout the experimental period. During molting, the feed intake in the MD group was lower than that of the control. Body weight of the molted groups was significantly reduced. The MS group feeding totally ceased egg production within 4d; after the initiation of feeding and decreased; in the MD group, egg production to 9.3% by d 10. On d 14, the ovaries and oviducts of the molted groups were distinctly lighter than those of the control. Throughout the post-molt period, egg production and egg shell thickness of the molted group improved; but there were no significant differences. Eggs from the MD-fed or control group were heavier than those of the MS-fed or control group. Finally, feeding of a low-protein and low-energy diet effectively induces molting and increase post-molt production, but further research will be conducted to determine the effects of the molt diet with other ingredients and to reduce the energy level of the molt diet for maximizing molt induction and post-molt egg quality.