• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

본 연구는 다래 및 교잡종 다래의 수관층위에 따른 광환경 차이에 따른 광합성능력, 엽 그리고 과실의 특성 변화를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 수관층위별에 따른 광합성속도를 측정한 결과, 수관층위가 높아질수록 광합성 속도가 증가하여 광도 $1,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$에서 하층($5.82{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 중층($7.11{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 상층($9.54{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$)의 순으로 높은 광합성속도를 나타냈다. 엽의 경우, 수관층위가 높아질수록 엽폭과 엽장 그리고 엽면적이 감소하였다. 즉, 하층, 중층, 상층 수관층위가 증가할수록 엽면적은 162.8, 90.9, $68.3cm^2$ 로 각각 감소하였다. 과실의 경우에는 수관층위가 높아질수록 과실 중량 및 과실 폭과 과실 길이가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 상층의 높은 광합성능력이 과실의 생육에 영향을 미친 것으로 수관상층부로의 결과지 유도를 통해 대립성 다래 과실생산이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.761-774
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• 2008

원격탐사에서 위성 영상의 디지털 처리 기술이 발달하면서 GIS 자료와 지식 기반 전문가 시스템과의 통합에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상을 토지피복 분류하는 과정에서 GIS 자료를 통합하기 위하여 기계 학습 기법과 규칙 기반 분류 기법을 적용하였다. 사례 지역을 대상으로 Landsat ETM+ 영상과 고도, 경사, 향, 수역과의 거리, 도로와의 거리, 인구밀도 등의 GIS 자료를 함께 활용하였다. C5.0 추론 기계 학습 알고리듬을 이용하여 350개의 표본점으로부터 결정 트리와 분류 규칙을 생성하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 규칙을 이용하여 분류한 결과, 고독 수역과의 거리, 인구밀도 등의 GIS 자료가 규칙 기반 분류에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안한 기계 학습과 지식 기반 분류 기법을 이용하면 다양한 GIS 자료들을 통합하여 위성영상을 보다 효과적으로 분류할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 1993

Pollen analysis on a 320cm core collected from paengsung area (36°56′50"N, 127°03′10"E) in southwesterm korea was carried out to investigate the changes in past climate and vegetation in that area. In this research it was found that pollen zones are divided into two layers of substage IIb and IIc. Pollen zone IIb, the lower layer, was dominated by high percentages of deciduous broadleaved trees such as alnus, Quercus, Corylus, Betula, Carpinus and Salix. Trapa, Typhaceae and Nymphaceae growing in wet habitat and Chenpodiaceae were pornounced amont the nonrboreal pollens. At that time, it seems that it was warmer and more humid than present. In pollen zone IIc, the upper layer, pollen of Pinun was dominant and those of Artemisia, Gramineae, Compositae, Cyperaceae and spore increased while of Quercus, Betula and Nymphaceae decreased. It is supposed that the climate of this zone was drier that the lower laywer.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.66-73
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• 1971

Pollen analysis was made on peat deposits in the area of Pyung Taek County, Central Korea. Arboreal pollen(AP) of Alnus, Abies, Ligustrum, Viburnum and Carpinus composed 70-80% of the total pollen detected in this sample area. Judging from the large amount of arboreal pollens, one can assume that those species were dominant in this district when the pollen was deposited. Among the arboreal pollens, Alnus pollen occurred more often than any other trees. Pollens of Betula, Tilia and Ulmus occurred rarely in each layers of peat deposit. The pollen diagram showed that Pinus and Abies markedly increased from the bottom to the top of the peat, while Ligustrum, Quercus and Tilia decreased proportionately. Non-arboreal pollens (NAP) and spores composed about 30 percent at the lower layer, but decreased considerably in the upper layer.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2001

We created an environmental forest on the basis of ecological design around the incineration plant of Jindo Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., which is located in Jeongwang-dong, Siheung-si, Kyunggi-do. To get ecological information of this site, physico-chemical properties of soil on salt marsh, which is located close to the syudy site and of forest soil transported from other sites for ecological restoration were analyzed. Texture of salt marsh and transported soils were loam and sandy loam, respectively. pH, organic matter, T-N, available P, and exchangeable K and Na contents of salt marsh and transported forest soils were 6.7 and 5.4, 4.1 and 0.4%, 1.0 and 0.3mg/g, 46.7 and 6.8ppm, 521 and 207ppm, and 3.8 and 0.5mg/g, respectively. Introduced plants were selected among the dominant species of forests and the species composing the potential natural vegetation around the present study site. Those plants were selected again by considering the tolerances to air pollution and to salt, and their availability. Selected trees were Pinus thunbergii, Sophora japonica, Celtis sinensis, Quercus aliena, Q. serrata, Q. dentata, and Q. acutissima. Selected sub-trees were Albizzia julibrissin, Koelreuteria poniculata, and Styrax japonica and shrubs were Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, R. mucronulatum, Callicarpa japonica, Euonymus alatus, E. japonica, and R. schlippenbachii. On the other hand, introduction of herbs was not considered except for Liriope platyphylla, which was ornamentally planted in one site. Planting bed of mound type was adopted to provide the fine drainage system. Mound was designed to furnish litter, A, B, and C layers simuating the profile of forest soil. Slope of mound was mulched by rice straw of 2cm in thickness to prevent for sliding of litter and soil in cases of strong wind or heavy rain. Height of mound was designed to secure more than 1 m by combining A and B layers. Narrow zones, in which mound with stable slope degree cannot be prepared, was designed to equip the standard soil depth with the introduction of stone for supporting. On the other hand, plants with shallow root system were arranged in some zones, in which satisfactory soil depth cannot be ensured. Plants were arranged in the order of tree, sub-tree, and shrub from center to edge on the mound to make a mature forest of a dome shape in the future. Dispersion of plants was designed to be random pattern rather than clumped one. Problems on creation of the environmental forest by such ecological design were found to be management or inspection by non-specialized project operators and inspecting officers, and regulations for construction without ecological background. Alternative plans to solve such problems were suggested.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2021

본 연구는 도심 내 주요 초미세먼지(PM_2.5) 발생원인 도로 인근에 조성된 도시공원을 대상으로 도시공원 내부 공간조성유형에 따라 PM_2.5의 농도변화를 분석하여 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 부산시 진구 도심 내 12차선의 도로 중심부에 광장형 공원형태로 조성된 송상현광장으로 선정하였으며, 공원의 공간조성유형은 토지피복유형과 식생구조에 따라 도로변 광장(A), 선큰광장(B), 도로 경계부 다층식재지(C), 교목 하부(D), 잔디광장(E)으로 총 5가지로 구분하였다. PM_2.5는 초미세먼지 등급별 국가예보에 따라 좋음일, 보통일, 나쁨일 3일씩 총 9회 측정한 결과를 바탕으로 평균비교 분석을 수행하였다. PM_2.5 좋음일 기준으로 송상현광장 내 공간조성유형별 농도는 D, E < B, C < A 순으로 통계적 유의성이 있었다. PM_2.5 보통일과 나쁨일 기준은 D, E < A, B, C 순으로 유의하였다. 공간조성유형별 송상현광장 내 PM_2.5 농도 특성은 인근 차도로부터 확산되는 PM_2.5의 대기의 흐름의 영향이 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 차도와 15m 거리에 위치해 있는 A와 C의 경우 PM_2.5 농도가 높았으나, B는 도로로부터 40m 거리에 떨어져 있는 PM_2.5 농도가 높았다. 이는 B는 외벽구조로 둘러싸여 공간 내부의 공기순환이 느려 상대적으로 대기가 확산되지 못하는 것으로 판단되었다. D와 E의 경우 C의 공간조성유형을 통해 대기의 흐름이 차단된 후 공원 내부에서 대기의 흐름이 원활한 구조여서 PM_2.5 농도가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 판단하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to figure out the structural characteristics of urban plant community and suggest restoration model of Quercus mongolica in the case of Korean national Capital Region. The investigation areas were selected from urban area of Mt. Nam at Chung-Gu, suburban areas of Mt. Bong at Eunpyoung-GU, Mt. Sungju at Buchon City and non-urban areas of Mt. Suri at Kunpu City and Mt. Chonma t namyangju-City. After the main study field had been classified into the evaluation of the ecological characteristics and the modeling of the vegetation. We analyzed to evaluate the ecological characteristics of the forest structure -- successional stage, naturalness, multi-layer structure of the forest and species diversity, and the plant community structures. We have proposed vegetation restoration model based on the selection of proper plants, the number of individuals, diameter short area of breast height, the shortest distance between plants in non-urban area. As for successional stage, It was judged that the ecological succession may not be followed like the present stage of the surveyed areas in urban, suburban and non-ruban areas. As for the retention of naturalness and multi-layer structures of vegetation, In Quercus mongolica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Ailanthus altissima occurred in each layers at Mt. Nam, Mt. Bong and Mt. Sungju, and Eupatorium rugosum occurred in herbaceous layer at Mt. Nam. Consequently, the ecological restoration plan following the structure of the vegetation in Mt. Chonma seemed to be advisable in Q. mongolica community, there were less number of species and individuals in urban areas than those of non-urban areas. Planting of trees following the simulated native plant community of non-urban areas seemed to be required to promote the plants in urban areas. Considering the number of individuals up to three layers in each 400$m^2$ area, it was composed of twenty nine in canopy layer, forth nine in understory layer, 367 in shrub layer and 33.7% herbaceous ground cover in the Q.mongolica community. The suggested restoration model in this study is nan applicable model for the introduction in the cities, and this study shows that continuous experiments and field investigation on this model should be performed in the future.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2024

본 연구는 리그노셀룰로오스 섬유와 굴참나무 수피-기반 활성탄(COA)으로 제조한 3층 섬유판에 한지를 조합하여 제작한 섬유판 필터세트의 미세먼지(PM), 휘발성 유기화합물(TVOC), 폼알데하이드(HCHO) 여과능을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 단백질계 접착제를 적용하여 표층에 목섬유 그리고 심층에 재생섬유/COA로 제조한 섬유판(WRF)과 한지로 제작한 섬유판 필터세트는 일반향의 연소에 의하여 발생하는 상기 오염물질을 효과적으로 여과하였다. 섬유판 제조에 있어 표층/심층에 적용되는 접착제의 함지율을 4%/4%, 5%/3%, 6%/2%로 조절하여 WRF를 제조한 후, 이를 한지와 함께 WRF-기반 필터세트 제작에 이용하였다. 이 필터세트의 PM, TVOC, HCHO 여과능은 심층의 함지율이 감소함에 따라 향상되었다. 한편 WRF-기반 필터세트 구성에 있어 45 g/m² 평량의 한지보다 25 g/m² 평량의 한지(KP-25g)를 사용하여 제작한 필터세트에서 여과능이 우수하였다. 표층에 재생섬유와 심층에 목섬유/COA로 제조한 섬유판(RWF)과 KP-25g로 구성한 섬유판 필터세트의 여과능은 WRF와 비교하여 높았다. 소형 실내공간 및 대형 옥외공간에 WRF-기반 섬유판 필터세트 및 무필터 조건과 함께 측정한 PM 및 TVOC 여과능은 RWF-기반 섬유판 필터세트에서 높았다. 따라서 RWF와 KP-25g를 조합하여 제작한 섬유판 필터세트가 실내외 공간에 존재하는 PM, TVOC 여과용 필터로서 적용이 가능할 것으로 생각한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 1993

Structure and dynamics of Abies koreana community in Mt. Gaya were studied to provide the basic data for conservation of Abies koreana community, an endemic species in Korea. A. koreana community of this study site was composed of tree layer (4~7m), subtree layer (2~4m), shrub layer (1~2m), and herb layer (below 1m). The heights of tree and subtree layers were low. Floristic composition showed that this study site was subalpine and dry site. In frequency distribution diagram of diameter classes of major species consisting of A. koreana community, those of both A. koreana and other species showed reverse J-shaped types. From these results, it was estimated that A. koreana community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable climax state like present state. In the spatal distribution diagram of major species, saplings of A. koreana were established under the canopy of A. koreana and Pinus koraiensis and under the dead tree of A. koreana. From these results, it was known that A. koreana saplings were recruited before the community was disturbed and regeneration was accomplished by advance regeneration pattern, in which these saplings established before occurrence of disturbance fill with open site originated from death of mature tree. Growth of annual rings was variable among individuals, it was estimated that such variation was originated in that growth of each individual relates to microclimatic conditions rather than macroclimatic ones. Ecological longevity of A. koreana in this study site estimated by disturbance types and age of dead trees was about 120 years.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.665-673
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• 1998

This study was conducted to clarified the relationship between bird community and forest structure and present the counterplan for protection and management of bird community from February 1993 to July 1995 at deciduous and coniferous forest within Mt. Nam area, Seoul, Korea. DBH distribution has not significant differences in each study site. Deciduous forest had more foliage coverage in all layers than coniferous forest. Total 41 species of birds, which were 16 species of resident, 14 species of summer visitor, 4 species of winter visitor, and 7 species of passage migrant were recrded in two study sites. Leaf use rate of birds was increased the increase of coverage. The number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and diversity index were greater in deciduous forest than coniferous forest. The number of species and pairs on bush-nesting and foraging guild were greater than other guilds. And the nuber of species and pairs on hole nesting guild were the fewest in nesting guild. Use rate of artificial nests for improvement of habitat quality was greater in coniferous forest than deciduous forest. Maintenance of bush layer, increase of coverage and leaf layer diversity, supply of artificial nests, management of large trees, and control of natural enemy were necessary for protection and management of bird community in Mt. nam area.