• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

The crystallographic and magnetic properties of a series of substitutions in nickel ferrite where the Fe³⁺ is replaced with In³⁺ have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Information on the exact crystalline structure, lattice parameters, bond lengths and bond angles were obtained by refining their XRD profiles by a Rietveld method. All the crystal structures were found to be cubic with the space group Fd/3m. The lattice constants increased with In³⁺ concentration. The expansion of the tetrahedron was outstanding, indicative of the tetrahedral (A) site preference of larger indium ion. The Mossbauer spectra showed two sets of sextuplet originating from ferric ions occupying the tetrahedral sites and the octahedral (B) sites under the Neel temperature T_N. Regardless of the composition x, the electric quadrupole splitting was zero within the experimental error. At x = 0.2, the magnetic hyperfine fields increased slightly, which meant that the nonmagnetic indium ions occupied preferentially the A-site. At the same time, the intensity of the B-site sub-spectra decreased markedly at the elevated temperature, indicating that the occupation of the A site by indium induced a considerable perturbation on the B site.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.679-684
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• 2000

The Sr2Co0.5Nb(Ta)0.5O4 and Sr3CoNb(Ta)O7 compounds, both with Ruddlesden-Popper structures, have been synthesized by the ceramic method at $1150^{\circ}C$ under atmospheric pressure. The crystallographic structure of the compounds was assigned to the tetr agonal system with space group 14/mmm by X-ray diffraction(XRD) Rietveld refinement. The reduced lattice volume and lattice parameters increased as the Ta with 5d substitutes for the Nb with 4d in the compounds. The Co/Nb(Ta)O bond length has been determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopic(EXAFS/XANES) analysis and the XRD refinement. The CoO6,octahedra were tetragonally distorted by elongation of Co-O bond along the c-axis. The magnetic measurement shows the compounds Sr2Co0.5Nb(Ta)0.5O4 and Sr3CoNb(Ta)O7 have paramagnetic properties and the Co ions with intermediate spin sates between high and low spins in D4h symmetry. All the compounds showed semiconducting behavior whose electrical conductivity increased with temperature up to 1000 K. The electrical conductiviy increased and the activation energy for the conduction decreased as the number of perovskite layers increased in the compounds with chemical formula An+1BnO3n+1.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.649-654
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• 2005

Given operators X and Y acting on a separable complex Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}$, an interpolating operator is a bounded operator A such that AX = Y. We show the following: Let $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ be a subspace lattice acting on a separable complex Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}$ and let $X=(x_{ij})$ and $Y=(y_{ij})$ be operators acting on ${\mathcal{H}}$. Then the following are equivalent: (1) There exists a unitary operator $A=(a_{ij})$ in $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ such that AX = Y. (2) There is a bounded sequence {${\alpha}_n$} in ${\mathbb{C}}$ such that ${\mid}{\alpha}_j{\mid}=1$ and $y_{ij}={\alpha}_jx_{ij}$ for $j{\in}{\mathbb{N}}$.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2014

Given operators X and Y acting on a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, an interpolating operator is a bounded operator A such that AX = Y. In this article, we investigate self-adjoint interpolation problems for operators in a tridiagonal algebra : Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a subspace lattice acting on a separable complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and let X = ($x_{ij}$) and Y = ($y_{ij}$) be operators acting on $\mathcal{H}$. Then the following are equivalent: (1) There exists a self-adjoint operator A = ($a_{ij}$) in $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ such that AX = Y. (2) There is a bounded real sequence {${\alpha}_n$} such that $y_{ij}={\alpha}_ix_{ij}$ for $i,j{\in}\mathbb{N}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.4.1-4
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• 2003

Given operators X and Y acting on a Hilbert space H, an interpolating operator is a bounded operator A such that AX= Y. An interpolating operator for n-operators satisfies the equation AXi= Yi, for i = 1,2,...,n, In this article, we showed the following : Let H be a Hilbert space and let L be a subspace lattice on H. Let X and Y be operators acting on H. Assume that rangeX is dense in H. Then the following statements are equivalent : (1) There exists an operator A in AlgL such that AX = Y, A$\^$*/=A and every E in L reduces A. (2) sup｛(equation omitted) : n $\in$ N f$\sub$I/ $\in$ H and E$\sub$I/ $\in$ L｝<$\infty$ and = for all E in L and all f, g in H.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

Aerodynamic characteristics of a wing during fold motion were investigated in order to understand how variations or changes in such characteristics increase aircraft performance. Numerical simulations were conducted, and the results were obtained using the unsteady vortex lattice method to estimate the lift, drag and the moment coefficient in subsonic flow during fold motion. Parameters such as the fold angle and the fold angular velocity were summarized in detail. Generally, the lift and pitching moment coefficients decreased as the angle increased. In contrast, the coefficients increased as the angular velocity increased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.53-59
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• 1993

The interests on GaAs solar cell grown on Ge substrates as an alternative of GaAs substrate arises from its very close lattice parameters, very small difference in thermal expansion coefficients, and much higher fracture toughness between GaAs and Ge. In addition, for many space power application, it would be a most attractive solar cell with high radiation resistance of GaAs and high reliability for the reverse current damage of Ge, and expecting the theoretical efficiency limit of the tandem GaAs/Ge solar cell is 34% under 1 Sun, AM 0, and 28$^{\circ}C$ condition. In this report, we have reviewed the performance and the manufacturing technics of GaAs/Ge solar cell, and current status of research in GaAs/Ge solar cell.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.19 no.1_2
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• pp.447-452
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• 2005

Given operators X and Y on a Hilbert space H, an interpolating operator is a bounded operator A such that AX = Y. In this article, we investigate compact interpolation problems for vectors in a tridiagonal algebra. Let L be a subspace lattice acting on a separable complex Hilbert space H and Alg L be a tridiagonal algebra. Let X = $(x_{ij})\;and\;Y\;=\;(y_{ij})$ be operators acting on H. Then the following are equivalent: (1) There exists a compact operator A = $(x_{ij})$ in AlgL such that AX = Y. (2) There is a sequence {$\alpha_n$} in $\mathbb{C}$ such that {$\alpha_n$} converges to zero and $$y_1\;_j=\alpha_1x_1\;_j+\alpha_2x_2\;_j\;y_{2k}\;_j=\alpha_{4k-1}x_{2k\;j}\;y_{2k+1\;j}=\alpha_{4k}x_{2k\;j}+\alpha_{4k+1}x_{2k+1\;j}+\alpha_{4k+2}x_{2k+2\;j\;for\;all\;k\;\epsilon\;\mathbb{N}$$.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

The ecosystem is the complex system consisting of various biotic and abiotic factors and the factors interact with each other in the hierarchical predator-prey relationship. Since the competitive relation spatiotemporally occurs, the initial state of population density and species distribution are likely to play an important role in the stability of the ecosystem. In the present study, we constructed a lattice model to simulate the three-trophic ecosystem (predatorprey- plant) and using the model, explored how the ecosystem stability is affected by the initial density. The size of lattice space was $L{\times}L$, (L=100) with periodic boundary condition. The initial density of the plant was arbitrarily set as the value of 0.2. The simulation result showed that predator and prey coexist when the density of predator is less than or equal to 0.4 and the density of prey is less than or equal to 0.5. On the other hand, when the predator density is more than or equal to 0.5 and the density of prey is more than or equal to 0.6, both of predator and prey were extinct. In addition, we found that the strong nonlinearity in the interaction between species was observed in the border area between the coexistence and extinction in the species density space.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.599-608
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• 2022

Urban air mobility (UAM) equipped with rotor system is subject to ground effect at vertiport during takeoff and landing. The aerodynamic performance of the aircraft in ground effect should be analyzed for the safe operation. In this study, The ground effects on the aerodynamic performance and wake structure of the quadcopter electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) configuration equipped with coaxial counter-rotating propellers were investigated by using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The influence of the ground effect was observed differently in the upper and lower propellers of the coaxial counter-rotating propeller system. There was no significant change in the aerodynamic performance of the upper propeller even if the propeller height above the ground was changed, whereas the averaged thrust and torque of the lower propeller increased significantly as propeller height decreased. In addition, the amplitude of the thrust fluctuation tended to increase as the propeller height decreased. The propeller wake was not sufficiently propagated downstream and was diffused along the ground due to the outwash flow developed by the ground effect. The impingement of the rotor wakes on the ground and a fountain vortex structure were observed.