• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.423-434
• /
• 2011

Tongwamen Bridge is a critical link between Dongmen Island and the land in Shipu town, Zhejiang province, China. It is a 238 m span, half-through, concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) X-type arch bridge. The width of the deck is only 10 m, yielding a width-to-span ratio of 1/23.8. The plane truss type section rib was adopted, which made of two CFST chords and web member system. The lateral stability is the key issue to this bridge. However, the existing researches on Tongwamen Bridge's lateral stability are all the deterministic structural analysis. In this paper, a new strategy for positioning sampling points of the response surface method (RSM), based on the composite method combining RSM with geometric method for structural reliability analysis, is employed to obtain the reliability index of lateral stability. In addition the correlated parameters were discussed in detail to find the major factors. According to the analysis results, increasing the stiff of lateral braces between the arch ribs and setting the proper inward-incline degree of the arch rib can enhance obviously the reliability of lateral stability. Moreover, the deck action of non-orienting force is less than the two factors above. The calculated results indicate that the arch ribs are safe enough to keep excellent stability, and it provides the foundation that the plane truss rib would be a competitive solution for a long-span, narrow, CFST arch bridge.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 프리캐스트 콘크리트 벽체와 H-pile로 구성된 벽체구조의 횡하중저항 성능을 평가하는 것이다. 이러한 형태의 구조는 옹벽 및 방음벽 기초 구조물로 사용된다. 실제 크기의 목업시험체를 설계하였으며, 실험체를 제작하였다. 대상 구조체의 설계횡하중은 54.6kN이다. 실제 현장에서 6.5m의 파일과 유사한 변형 프로파일을 갖는 실험체의 파일의 길이를 이론적으로 결정하였으며, 1.5m로 제작하였다. 실험중 벽체의 횡방향 변위가 파일의 변형률을 모니터링 하였으며, 균열의 발생을 육안 조사하였다. 실험으로부터 평가된 하중 및 변형 능력을 설계능력과 비교하였다. 실험결과는 설계하중을 저항하는데 충분한 성능을 보유하고 있음을 나타냈다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.549-564
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to research the condylar path and the anterior angle of glenoid fossae and classify the patterns of condylar path. Thirty male and female dental students with normal occlesion and masticatory system ranging in age from 21 to 30, without present symptoms and an)r history of TM joint disturbance, were selected for this study. Transcranial radiographs of TM joints under mandibular lateral movement were obtained. By the computer analysis on the radiographs, the angle of posterior slope of articular eminance, the sagittal condylar guidance angie, condylar movement patterns and the height of glenoid fossa was measured respectively, and studied their interrelationship comparatively. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The total distance of condylar movement on balancing side during mandibular lateral movement was 4.55mm for Lt. and 4.78mm for Rt. when mandible moved from C.R. to canine to canine relation and 7.86mm for the Lt. and 8.10mm for the Rt. when mandible moved from C.R. to 7.5mm. 2. The horizontal distance of condylar movement on balancing side during mandibular lateral movements was 3.16mm for the Lt. and 3.52mm for the Rt. when mandible moved from C.R. to canine to canine relation and 6.10mm for the Lt. and 6.30mm for the Rt. when mandible moved from C.R. to 7.5mm. 3. The sagittal condylar guidance angle on balancing side during mandibular lateral movements was $45.96^{\circ}$ for the Lt. and $43.22^{\circ}$ for the Rt. when mandible moved from C.R. from canine to canine relation and $41.14^{\circ}$ for the Lt. and $39.77^{\circ}$ for the Rt. when mandible moved from C.R. to 7.5mm. 4. The height of glenoid fossa was 8.23mm for the Lt. and 7.80mm for the Rt. and the angle of posterior slope of articular eminence was $38.30^{\circ}$ for the Lt. and $38.79^{\circ}$ for the Rt. by method-A and $55.61^{\circ}$ for the Lt. and $55.64^{\circ}$ for the Rt. by method-B. 5. The sequence of the frequency of condylar movement patterns on balancing side during mandibular lateral movement were concave type(30 cases), convex type(16 cases), reverse S shape curve(9 cases) and S shape curve(5 cases) when mandible moved from C.R. to canine to canine relation and concave type(27 cases), 5 shape curve(13 cases), convex type(11 cases) and reverse S shape curve(9 cases) when mandible moved from C.R. to 7.5mm.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.581-588
• /
• 2008

Purpose: It is generally accepted that anatomical structures of the soft tissue in Asian faces are quite different from those in Caucasian. It is presumed that these differences are due to collagen rich thick dermis and durable superficial musculo-apponeurotic system (SMAS) in Asian. We classified the aging lower eyelids and reviewed the operative procedures according to the types of aging lower eyelids in Asian. Methods: We compared preoperative and postoperative photos of 117 patients over 30 years of age, who underwent lower blepharoplasty at the Kyunghee Medical Center from January 2001 to April 2006. We classified the patients based on the degree of skin laxity, presence of nasojugal groove and malar bag, the extent of aging process. We also reviewed the operative procedures according to each type of classification. Results: We classified our patients into four types as following. Type I patients showed minimal skin-muscle excess confined to lower eyelids regardless of the facial line. For these patients, we performed only transcutaneous or transconjunctival blepharoplasty. In type II patients, nasojugal grooves were shown and skin- muscle laxity was limited to the medial side of imaginary vertical line at lateral margin of pupil. In these cases, we performed free fat graft or fat repositioning on nasojugal groove or fat removal and septal duplication confined to medial side. Type III patients displayed more advanced medial bulging and remarkable laxity over the lateral side, the same operation methods as those of type II were applied at the lateral side of the line. Type IV patients demonstrated extensive midfacial aging changes including malar bags and underwent superficial subciliary cheek lift. Conclusion: The lower eyelid aging of Asian is different from those of Caucasian. We think that our classification is useful in selection of appropriate operative procedure to address specific problems for Asian patients.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.479-486
• /
• 2013

항공기의 제어 시스템 설계에 있어 두 가지 어려움이 있다. 즉 항공기의 동적 특성이 비선형 특성을 갖고 있고 그 파라미터 값들이 시간 혹은 비행 조건에 따라 변화하는 시변 특성을 갖고 있다는 점이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 고전적인 제어 이론을 활용한 신뢰성 높고 효율적인 제어 기법들이 계속 개발되어 왔으나 정확한 이론적 분석이 수반되지 않으면 항공기의 성능, 강건성, 그리고 안전성조차도 확보하기 어려운 문제점을 갖는다. 이에 최근에는 퍼지 논리, 신경망, 유전자 알고리즘으로 대표되는 지능 제어 기법을 활용한 항공기 제어 시스템 개발이 시도 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 퍼지 논리가 갖고 있는 불확실성에 대한 취약점들을 크게 감소시킬 수 있는 Interval Type-2 퍼지 논리 이론을 기반으로 고속 항공기의 지능형 비행 횡 제어 시스템을 개발하고 컴퓨터 모의실험에 의해 그 효용성을 입증한다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

말뚝 상부에서 수평력 대부분을 저항한다는 매커니즘을 활용하여, 횡방향 하중이 대부분인 항만 및 해양구조물에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 새로운 말뚝 형식을 고안하였다. 이번 연구에서는 버켓 기초식 보강기법, 팽이 기초식 보강기법, 그라우팅식 보강기법 등 3가지 형태의 보강기법을 활용한 상부 확대형 횡방향 지지 증대 말뚝에 대한 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 지반의 종류를 비롯하여, 각 보강 기법의 종류, 말뚝의 종류 및 길이, 지반의 심도 등 다양한 변수가 말뚝의 횡방향 지지 거동에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 해석 결과, 버켓 기초를 활용한 경우 팽이기초나 그라우팅 기법 등 전반적으로 다른 보강기법을 활용한 경우에 비해 횡방향 지지력 효율이 상대적으로 가장 뛰어난 것으로 나타난다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.168-173
• /
• 2015

비행 시 외부 조건에 따라 비선형시변 동적특성을 갖는 항공기의 비행제어는 종 제어(longitudinal control)와 횡 제어(lateral control)로 나눌 수 있으며, 종 제어는 승강키(elevator)에 의한 피치(pitch)값, 횡 제어는 에일러론(aileron)에 의한 롤(roll)값과 방향키(rudder)에 의한 요(yaw)값들을 제어대상으로 삼는다. 현재까지 항공기의 안정성, 조종성 그리고 기동성을 보장하기 위한 제어시스템 개발에 많은 연구들이 활발히 진행되어 왔으나, 최근에는 다양하고 복잡한 풍동실험과 환경실험들을 필요로 하는 기존연구들과는 다른 항공기의 지능제어시스템 개발에 관련된 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 대표적인 지능제어방식인 Interval Type-2 퍼지논리기법에 의한 항공기 종 제어시스템을 제시하고 F-4 제트전투기의 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 그 효용성을 입증한다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1027-1039
• /
• 1995

Clothing fitness is strongly required in the apparel industry, and draping is an effective tool to increase fitness to the wearers. A more sophisticated and systematic information of the somatotype, accordingly, is necessary for better cress form design. This study was performed to provide fundamental data on middle aged women's upper torso for dress form designers and pattern makers by classifying the somatotype based on each individual's lateral view, and analyzing the characteristics of their somatotype. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance. Factor analysis was used to 23 items from photometric measurment and cluster analysis was applied for classification of upper torso forms. Through cluster analysis using 5 factor scores, 3 somatotypes were categorized from th lateral view 1) Type I was straight somatotype in which the plumb line passes throught the lobe of the ear, the shoulder joing and the mid abdominal region laterally. This type of woman was slender and shorter than average. 2) Type II was bending somatotype in which the upper portion of upper torso is bent forward. This type of woman was taller and fatter than average. 3) Type III was swayback somatotype in which the upper portion of protruding point on the back is bent forward but the lower portion of protruding point had characteristic of turning over somatotype. This type of woman had storter length on the front and longer lenght on the back, slender type and flat chest.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 1984

The purpose of the present study is to offer the fundamental materials for the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst by analysis of the clinical and radiographic findings of these lesions. The subject for this study consisted 118 patients admitted to the Department of Oral Radiology, Kyung Hee University and Seoul National University from 1974 to 1983. Conclusions from this study were as follows: 1. There was a higher incidence in males (70.34%) than in females (29.66%), and the incidence was highest in the second and third decade (26.27%) with the same incidence. (Average age: 25 year) 2. There was a higher incidence in the maxillary teeth (66.10%) than in the mandibular teeth (33.90%) and the maxillary supernumerary tooth (45.76%) was the most frequently involved one. The mandibular third molar (16.10%) was next in order of frequency of involvement followed by maxillary canine (7.63%), mandibular second premolar (5.08%). 3. There was a greater incidence of the central type than the lateral type in the maxilla, while a higher incidence of the lateral type in the mandible. 4. There was a greater incidence of the smooth type (84.26%) than that of the scalloped type (15.74%) and a higher incidence of minor type (70.91%) than the major type (29.09%) in the displacement of associated tooth. 5. Root apices of teeth encompassed or approached by the cysts showed variable resorption in 68.47% of cases.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.344-360
• /
• 2005

The purpose of the study is to identify the physical characteristics of early adolescent boys, to classify body shapes by physical characteristic. The subjects were 549 boys in the capital area. Their body shapes were identified and classified based on 47 anthropometric measurements, 43 photographic measurements and 10 indexed measurements. For data analysis were performed descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan test using SPSS Ver. 10. According to the result of extracting factors indicating the characteristics of body shape, horizontal size, vertical length, lateral posture, the lateral shape of the abdomen and the hip, the shape of the back protrusion, the front shape of the trunk and was the shape of the shoulders. According to the result of classifying body shapes, four types of shape - T(Tall) type, P(Petite) type, L(Large) type and R(Regular) type were identified. The results of this study are expected to contribute to planning sizes according to the type of body shape and improving the fitness of ready-made clothes in apparel and school uniform manufacturers.