• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.5-18
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• 2016

In this study, we grasped the resistance state of the back ground which had a notable influence on computing the lateral resistance of the laterally loaded pile group in the homogeneous ground by the model test. Resistance state was grasped as the depth of rotation-point, wedge failure angle, and wedge wing angle. The model experiment is performed by varying the width, spacing and number of piles and the relative density of sand in this study. According to the observation of the rear ground surface deformation of the piles in lateral load, rotation point ratio, wedge failure angle, and wedge wing angle of the front row were similar to those of the middle row; however, those of the back row were relatively smaller. The rotation point ratio, wedge failure angle and wedge wing angle of the piles in parallel were the same as those of a single pile. Based on the model test results, equations for estimation of the rotation-point, wedge failure angle, and wedge wing angle are proposed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2020

Background: Neck pain can be caused by any structure in the neck, such as intervertebral discs, ligaments, muscles, facet joints, dura mater, and nerve roots. The hyoid bone is a structure that is also related to head and neck posture, neck movement and pain, but there are no studies on hyoid deviation, neck pain, and range of motion (ROM). Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fascia relaxation and mobilization of the hyoid bone on the ROM, pain, and lateral deviation of the hyoid bone. Methods: Twenty-five patients with neck pain identified by the lateral motion test (10 males [35.13 ± 7.67 years, 172.69 ± 3.90 cm, 78.77 ± 6.96 kg] and 15 females [35.13 ± 10.05 years, 161.11 ± 4.09 cm, 52.59 ± 2.98 kg]) was chosen randomly. Baseline values for pain, neck ROM, and lateral deviation in the hyoid bone were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS), goniometer, and tape measure. Then, each patient was treated with hyoid fascia relaxation and mobilization, and all results were recorded after intervention. Comparison of the results before and after intervention was analyzed using paird t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Right rotation, extension, VAS, and rotational asymmetry statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Right rotation and extension increased ROM, rotational asymmetry ratio and VAS decreased. However, there was no significant difference in flexion, left rotation, center point (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Fascia relaxation and hyoid mobilization could improve the ROM of cervical extension, asymmetry of the cervical rotation and neck pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is compare the effects of two therapeutic processes-i) conservative Myofacial Release Technique along and ii) Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimuliation alone - on the increase in the range of motion(ROM) and on the decrease in patient's pain with chronic Neck pain. The subjects of the study were student with choronic neck pain in Daegu health university. Half of them (10) took conservative Myofacial Release Technique along and the others (10) took Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimuliation alone. I used 3D Motion analysis. The range of motion (ROM) in six areas-flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, right rotation-to check the effectiveness of the two combinations of methods, measured pain with visual analogue scale (VAS) to see the effect on pain reduce. Assement was conducted to the groups before the treatment began and affer the four weeks treatment ended. This study shows that both groups demonstrated significant improvement in ROM increase and pain reduction. Flexion ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Extension ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 2 weeks. Right rotation ROM was no significant differences were found in MFR and TENS after treatment all weeks. Right lateral flexion ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 3 weeks. Left lateral flexion ROM increases were significant in MFR and TENS after treatment 1 weeks. But the others no significant differences were in MFR group and TENS group during 4 weeks.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.373-385
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• 2019

This paper presents a useful in-plane structural analysis of low-rise blind-bolted composite frames with semi-rigid joints. Analytical models were used to predict the moment-rotation relationship of the composite beam-to-column flush endplate joints that produced accurate and reliable results. The comparisons of the analytical model with test results in terms of the moment-rotation response verified the robustness and reliability of the model. Abaqus software was adopted to conduct frame analysis considering the material and geometrical non-linearities. The flexural behaviour of the composite frames was studied by applying the lateral loads incorporating wind and earthquake actions according to the Australian standards. A wide variety of frames with a varied number of bays and storeys was analysed to determine the bending moment envelopes under different load combinations. The design models were finalized that met the strength and serviceability limit state criteria. The results from the frame analysis suggest that among lateral loads, wind loads are more critical in Australia as compared to the earthquake loads. However, gravity loads alone govern the design as maximum sagging and hogging moments in the frames are produced as a result of the load combination with dead and live loads alone. This study provides a preliminary analysis and general understanding of the behaviour of low rise, semi-continuous frames subjected to lateral load characteristics of wind and earthquake conditions in Australia that can be applied in engineering practice.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2008

The beach-chair traction position is designed to allow the use of traction while allowing the surgeon to orient the shoulder in an upright position and convert to an open procedure, if necessary. The patient is placed in the beach-chair position under general anesthesia. A three-point shoulder holder (Arthrex, Naples, Florida) is attached to the rail of the operating table on the same side as the surgeon, whereas it is placed on the side opposite the surgeon in the lateral decubitus position. A shoulder traction and rotation sleeve (Arthrex) are affixed to the arm following the manufacturer's instructions. Positioning the thumb toward the closed side of the sleeve ensures a field for the anterior portion of the rotator cuff and prevents the tendency of the suspension apparatus to place the arm in internal rotation. The arm is maintained in 30 to 40 degree abduction and 30 to 40 degree flexion by controlling the length and height of the bar and the location of the universal clamp. The universal clamp allows multiple planes of adjustment to control abduction and forward movement of the arm. The sleeve is attached to the longitudinal traction cable using a sterile hook, and a lateral strap is secured around the proximal portion of the sleeve to the overhead traction cable to ensure a field for glenohumeral reconstruction. The use of a lateral strap permits ideal shoulder positioning for improved access to the anterior and inferior glenohumeral joint. The lateral strap can be released or removed to widen the subacromial space during subacromial decompression or rotator cuff repair. A 10-lb weight is attached to the longitudinal traction cable for an average-sized person.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the relationships among five clinical measures for functional alignment of the lower extremity. Methods : Thirty healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) were recruited for the study. The five clinical measures of functional alignment of the lower extremity included navicular drop, quadriceps angle, internal rotation of hip, and anterior and lateral pelvic tilt angles. The level of navicular drop was calculated by the difference between the height of the navicular bone in the sitting (non-weight bearing) and standing (weight bearing) positions. The quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip were measured using a standard goniometer with photographic markers while the subjects were lying in a prone position on a table with their knee at $90^{\circ}$ flexion. Anterior and lateral pelvic tilt angles were determined using a inclinometer. Results : Correlation and a simple linear regression analysis were used to assess relationships between the clinical measures. There were significant correlations between navicular drop and quadriceps angle (p<.05), between navicular drop and internal rotation of hip (p<.05), and between quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip (p<.01). In simple linear regression analysis, the navicular drop appeared to be a factor affecting the quadriceps angle and internal rotation of hip (p<.05). The findings suggest that navicular drop has a great impact on lower extremity alignment. Conclusion : This study might help us to examine lower extremity function and clarify its role as a potential injury risk factor.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2023

Recently, research on the lateral resistance of pile foundations has been actively conducted. In experimental studies on the lateral resistance of pile foundations, displacement control or load control methods are used. However, in the case of the displacement control method, the lateral resistance of the pile varies depending on the rate of the load applied to the pile. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the change in lateral resistance of pile foundations according to lateral loading rate through model experiments. The experimental results showed that the lateral resistance of the pile tended to decrease as the lateral loading rate applied to the pile head increased. In order to confirm this, a model experiment of the side change of the ground and pile according to the loading rate was additionally conducted. Through inverse analysis, the change in the depth of the rotation point according to the lateral loading rate was identified. Through the change in the lateral resistance of the pile foundation and the depth of the rotating point according to the lateral loading rate, it was proposed to test the loading rate within 1.5 mm/min during the lateral loading test of the pile.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The Unilateral neglect is characterized by difficulty shifting attention to the side of space opposite the brain lesion and frequently reducing use of contralesional extremities. This study was to identify whether the visual deprivation was responsible for head position on unilateral neglect patient after stroke. METHODS: A patient with left middle cerebral artery infarction participated in the study. We assessed neglect using line bisection and star cancellation test. Patient was instructed to maintain correct alignment of trunk and head in a sit position. We evaluated degree of head lateral tilting and rotation. Then, patient was blocked visual input. Also, we evaluated head position in the same way. RESULTS: He scored 3 points in the line bisection test and 9 points star cancellation test. In postural evaluation, he had deviated posture such as lateral head tilting and rotation. After visual cue deprivation, patient showed different head position which was decreased degree of head tilting and rotation. CONCLUSION: For vertical body orientation, it was used multiple sensory references including the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual system. This finding suggested that abnormal posture of neglect patient could be related to the visual input. It has important clinical implications in terms of understanding the neglect.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neck patterns in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for neck movement and the neck disability index (NDI) among adults with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Subjects in the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise group (PNFG, n = 20) received 20 minutes of PNF neck pattern (flexion-Rt. lateral flexion-Rt. rotation followed by extension-Lt. lateral flexion-Lt. rotation) 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured using absolute rotation angle (ARA), anterior weight bearing (AWB), range of flexion and extension motions (RFEM), and neck disability index (NDI) methods before and after the 4-week intervention period. Results: There were significant effects for the PNFG, pre- and post-intervention, in ARA, AWB, RFEM, and NDI. There were significant differences in ARA, AWB, RFEM, and NDI compared with CG. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the PNF neck pattern could be beneficial for adults with forward head posture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.229-233
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to verify the effects of Pilates exercise using the three-dimensional (3D) Schroth breathing technique on scoliosis patients in comparison with the existing Pilates exercise technique, which uses lateral breathing. Methods: The subjects were 16 scoliosis patients who went to S fitness center in Daegu, Korea. They were randomly and equally divided into a Schroth Pilates exercise group (SPEG), who performed Pilates exercise using 3D Schroth breathing, and a Pilates exercise group (PEG) who performed Pilates exercise using lateral breathing. The subjects conducted the Pilates exercise three times per week for 12 weeks. Changes in their Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and chest expansion ability were measured before and after the exercise. Results: Both groups experienced significant improvement in their Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and chest expansion ability after the exercise (p<0.05). Between-group comparison after the exercise showed that SPEG's improvement in Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and chest expansion ability were more significant than those of the PEG (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study verified that Pilates exercise using 3D Schroth breathing was more effective in improving scoliosis patients'physical condition than existing Pilates exercise. The researcher anticipates that the 3D Schroth breathing technique will be effectively utilized in other diverse intervention exercises besides Pilates exercise.