• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.197-234
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• 2009

Typological theories of offending postulate that childhood-onset delinquents have a high likelihood of being serious and chronic offenders and that there are a distinct set of risk factors predicting early-onset antisocial behaviors. It is useful to empirically classify children into subgroups based on their deviant behaviors because it helps us to identify unique factors associated with each subgroup. Using the first two waves of the Korean Youth Panel Survey, Elementary School Data, this study aimed(a) to empirically classify 5th graders into latent delinquent subgroups, and (b) to examine the impact of individual, familiar, school, and peer factors on the latent delinquent classes. Latent class analysis yielded three latent classes based on 15 indicators of deviant behaviors - delinquent class, low-level delinquent class, & normative class. The results from multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that being male, reporting low self-control, coming from poor family, high association with deviant peers, and being bullied increased the risk of being in the delinquent class. Moreover, low self-control, aggression, domestic violence, low level of attachment to teachers, and deviant peers independently increased the risk of being in the low-level delinquent class compared to the normative class. Based on the study findings, implications for practice as well as future studies were discussed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 2022

Using a person-centered approach, the current study investigated latent profiles for the emotional and behavioral problems of students in sixth-grade in elementary school and second grade of middle school. The aim was to explore latent transition patterns and verify the factors affecting the transitions. The participants were 1,937 adolescents who responded to the 3^rd year (6^th grade of elementary school; Time 1), 4^th year (1^st grade of middle school), and 5^th year (2^nd grade of middle school; Time 2) of the Korean Children Youth Panel Study. Latent profile and latent transition analyses were performed. The results were as follows: first, the latent profile of emotional and behavioral problems changed from Time 1 to Time 2. The latent groups at Time 1 were classified into low, moderate, high, and externalizing-dominant, whereas at Time 2, five groups were identified: low, moderate, high, externalizing-dominant, and withdrawal-dominant. Second, transition analyses revealed that although 22.3-57.0% of latent groups remained unchanged, there were significant changes over time between groups, as a new group ('withdrawal-dominant') emerged in Time 2. Third, different factors influenced the latent profile transition of emotional and behavioral problems depending on the transition pattern. Higher levels of self-esteem, better relationships with peers and teachers, and lower levels of parental inconsistency meant emotional and behavioral problems had not worsened at Time 2. The results suggest that early interventions are needed during the transition from childhood to early adolescence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.822-836
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify latent classes of behavioral problem trajectories in children with allergic diseases and investigate their predictors. Methods: This study used data from the 5th to 7th Panel Study of Korean Children. The participants included 840 children aged 4~6 years with allergic diseases. Statistical analyses were conducted using latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Results: The trajectories of both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children with allergic diseases were classified into five groups, that is deteriorative, recovering, changing 1 (decreasing-increasing), changing 2 (increasing-decreasing), and low state persistent group. For the internalizing behavioral problems, predictors were temperament, father's education, family interaction, and disconnection in peer interaction. For the externalizing behavioral problems, predictors child's gender, temperament, marital conflict, parenting stress, family interaction, and parenting environment. Conclusion: Deteriorative group has high-risk behavioral problems in children with allergic diseases. We suggest to provide interventions considering latent problem trajectories based on ecological environments for allergic children.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.212-221
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to identify the types of health-related quality of life (QoL) based on the EuroQoL 5 Dimensions among community older people and predict the factors affecting these types. Methods: This study used data from the 2016 Korea Health Panel Survey, whose participants included 3,848 older people. The data were analyzed using the software jamovi 1.2.17 and Mplus 8.2 for latent class analysis. Results: The subgroups of the older people's health-related QoL were identified as three latent classes: General stable type (43.9%), pain-related low type (35.0%), and general low type (21.1%). The types and characteristics of health-related QoL among the latent classes differed. Comparing the difference between the general low type and general stable type, the subjects showed higher probability of belonging to the general stable type when they were men, younger, higher education level, employment, better subjective health, lower BMI and stress level, and no suicidal ideation. A comparison between the general low type and the pain-related low type showed that the subjects were more likely to be classified as the pain-related low type when they were younger, higher education, employment, and better subjective health. Conclusion: The results showed a significant heterogeneity in the types of health-related QoL among community older people, and the predictors for each type were not the same. These findings present basic data for cultivating nursing interventions that enhance health-related QoL.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 2018

Based on Perceptions about Mathematics Teachers (PMT) perceived by high school students, measured by 2189 students from Seoul Educational Longitudinal Study 2014 (SELS 2014), latent profile analysis (LPA) identified five distinct types of student groups (positive, partial positive, middle, negative, extreme negative). These student of positive, middle, and negative groups are positive, moderate and negative perceptions about math teachers. Partial positive group generally had a positive perception about mathematics teachers, extremely negative group was very negative about mathematics teachers. Both of these groups had peculiarly inconsistent trends and several anomalies. The Multinomial logistic regression analyses also indicated that individual factors (gender, major, self-concept, resilience, self-assessment, career maturity), school factors (friendship, relationship with school teachers) and parental factors (academic-relationship, emotional-relationship) were significant predictors of PMT profile groups. The Analysis of variance also indicated that mathematics class (attitude, satisfaction and atmosphere), Mathematics achievement were significant predictors of PMT profile groups. The profiling of perceptions about mathematics teachers resulted in enhanced understanding of the complex range of processes students employed. During mathematics class, implementation of smooth interactions and communications between students and teachers added in the teaching and learning of mathematics.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.147-161
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to investigates 10-year trajectories of cognitive functions among older adults in their 70s to understand changes in cognitive functions as a continuum until very late life. This study also examines differences in trajectories of cognitive functions by gender and by changes in marital status, especially widowhood. Among participants of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA), the sample of this study includes 800 older adults in their 70s during the first study wave (2006) and those who reported their cognitive functions for six consecutive study waves (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016). The analyses were conducted in two steps. First, we conducted Latent Class Growth Analyses(LCGA) to investigated heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive functions in 10 years. Then, we performed multinomial logistic regression. Three heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive functions were identified. One group of 48.7% of older adults showed high cognitive function at baseline and maintained it over 10 years. Second group of 14.7% of older adults reported low cognitive function scores at baseline and showed continuous decline over time. Third group of 36.6% were showed mid-level cognitive functions and maintained their functions over time. We also found significant gender differences but not significant differences in marital status when we consider both in our model; however, the we found significant differences in changes in marital status when we did not consider gender in the model. The results suggest that the importance of considering dynamics of gender and changes in marital status to understand changes in cognitive functions in later life.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.31-48
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the trajectories of multidimensional health among older adults, including depression, chronic diseases, and cognitive function. Data were drawn from the 1-6 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA), and a sample of 2,059 respondents aged 65 and older at baseline was used for the analyses. Latent growth curve models and growth mixture models were used to explore the changes in depression, chronic diseases, cognitive function, and heterogeneous trajectories among them. One-way ANOVAs with Scheffé post-hoc analysis and chi-square tests were used to find differences in sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and life satisfaction across the latent trajectory classes. Latent growth curve models revealed that depressive symptoms and the number of chronic diseases increased over time, while cognitive function showed gradual decreases. Three heterogeneous patterns of multidimensional health trajectories were identified: normal aging, increase in chronic diseases, and chronic deterioration. Significant differences were observed in sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and life satisfaction across the three latent classes. In particular, low educational attainment, household income, and life satisfaction were associated with the chronic deterioration class. Based on the findings, we discussed suggestions for health promotion education targeting older adults. This study also emphasizes the importance of home economics education in promoting health literacy across the life course.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

The purpose of the study is to review current studies for economic values on livestock products produced by animal welfare. In order to review the topic, published research papers and reports were reviewed in the world. As the result of the study, the studies for the topic are not researched actively. The main ideas for the studies were consumer survey on meats and egg. Data were questionnaire, Lexis-Nexis databases, consumptions and prices on meats, auction data. Tools for analyses were Random parameters logit and latent class model, WTP analysis, Roterdam model, Pearson's Chi test, Mann-Whitney V-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, structural equation model, regression model, Target-costing, and conjoint analysis.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.467-484
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore latent classes of longitudinal medical expenses of older people and to analyze its predictors and its effects on subjective health. Among participants of the Korean Health Panel, the sample of this study includes 1,119 people who is 65-year-old or older and reported their medical expenses for nine consecutive years. The analyses were conducted in three steps. First, Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was applied to find distinct subgroups showing similar patterns in medical expenses. The results showed four groups which were classified as high medical expenditure maintenance group, medical expenditure increase group, low medical expenditure maintenance group, and medical expenditure reduction group. Second, the multinominal logistic regression found that the presence of spouse, economic participation, the number of chronic diseases, and the type of health insurance were significant predictors of latent classes in medical expenses. In particular, the greater the number of chronic diseases, the higher the likelihood of belonging to the high medical expenditure maintenance group. In addition, medical benefit recipients are more likely to belong to the low medical cost maintenance and medical cost reduction groups. Third, multiple regression analysis revealed that the older people in the groups with low or reducing expenses reported better subjective health than people with higher expenses. This study has its meanings in exploring the heterogeneity in longitudinal medical expenses among older people and its predictors and its associations with health outcome. The results of this research provide background information in establishing public health policy for older people.