• 약학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2011

This systematic review was conducted to assess the clinical effect of ocular fluoroquinolones used for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. A literature search for randomized controlled clinical trials registered up to January 2010 based on PubMed database, using the following search terms: conjunctivitis and fluoroquinolones (besifloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) were performed. Pooled data on the clinical resolution and bacterial eradication rates derived from selected 16 studies were reported as the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) compared with placebo. Early clinical resolution and microbiological eradication rates in placebo were 28% and 62% respectively. Fluoroquinolones were significantly effective comparing to placebo: early RR 1.94 (95% CI 1.60~2.34) and late RR 1.30 (1.19~1.43) in clinical resolution rates, and early RR 1.75 (1.58~1.94) and late RR 1.28 (1.18~1.39) in microbiological eradication rates. Besifloxacin, ciprofloaxain and moxifloxacin in clinical resolution, and besifloxacin and levofloxacin in microbiological eradication showed higher RRs than pooled overall fluoroquinolones' RRs. New quinolones had higher antibacterial potencies for all pathogens isolated from bacterial conjunctivitis and resistant isolates than old generation quinolones. In conclusion, ocular 7 fluoroquinolones were all effective than placebo for bacterial conjunctivitis and there were differences between quinolones in early and late clinical resolutions and microbiological eradications, and no differences in safety comparing to placebo.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2020

This study was cross sectional descriptive survey study to analysis effect of health perception and mental health status on the quality of life in the late middle aged people (45-65 years old). The data for the study were collected online from November 20 to December 10, 2019, from those who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily. A total of 192 data were used for the study. This study analyzed the Pearson correlation analysis, Descriptive analysis and Regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. As a result, the participants were 41.7% male and 58.3% female. The age group was 45-50 years old 4.2%, 51-55 years old 20.8%, 56-60 years old 54.1% and 61-65% 20.8%. Mental health status was associated with physical QOL(r=-347, p<0.01), Psychological QOL(r=-.439, p<0.01), and Social QOL(r=.280, p<0.01). Subjective health perception was associated with physical QOL(r=-589, p<0.01), Psychological QOL(r=.222, p<0.01), and Social QOL(r=.286, p<0.01). subjective health perception was found to affect all sub-factors except environmental quality of life under the statistical significance (p<0.01).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2024

남부지방(진주)에서 콩 생태형에 따라 적기파종 이후 파종 시기를 달리하였을 때 온도와 일장이 생육일수 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 적기파종 이후 파종시기를 달리하여 파종하였을 때 모든 생태형에서 출현일, 개화소요일수, 전체 생육일수는 단축되었다. 2. 일장과 온도가 생육일수에 미치는 영향을 다중회귀분석으로 분석한 결과 파종~개화기까지 소요일수는 일장과 온도 모두 정의 상관이였고, 개화기~수확기까지 소요일수는 일장은 정의 상관, 온도는 부의 상관이 있었다. 3. 추정 회귀모형은 파종~개화까지 소요일수(Y) = 3.177 + (0.030 × (누적일장 + 적산온도)), 개화기~수확기까지 소요일수는 (Y) = 20.945 + (0.021 × (누적일장+적산온도))인 것으로 나타났다. 4. 수량은 적기파종에서 가장 높았고 적기파종 이후 늦게 파종할수록 수량이 급격히 감소하여 조생종은 7월 20일, 중만생종은 7월 10일 이전까지는 파종을 해야 급격한 수량감소를 피할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

본 연구는 수확기에 따른 호밀 품종간의 사초생산능력을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험구는 분할구 배치법으로 주구는 4월 20일과 4월 30일의 수확시기를, 세구는 'Kodiak', 'Koolgrazer', 'Danko', 'Homil22', 'Olhomil' 품종으로 하였다. 조기수확시의 건물 함량은 각각 17.8%로 만기수확시의 20.0% 보다 낮았으나, 조단백질 및 TDN 함량에 있어서는 만기수확시 보다 높았다. 공시품종 간에는 건물, 조단백질 및 TDN 함량에 있어서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. ADF, NDF, ADL 및 cellulose 함량은 조기수확이 만기수확시 보다 낮았으나, hemi-cellulose 함량은 조기수확이 만기수확시 보다 높았다. 공시품종 간에는 조생품종의 섬유소함량이 다른 품종에 비하여 높았다. 조기수확시의 건물, 조단백질, IVDDM 및 TDN 수량은 각각 7,839, 1,468, 6,077 및 5,128kg/ha로 만기 수확시의 11,003, 1,813, 8.032 및 6,857kg/ha 보다 낮았으며 공시품종 간에는 조생품종이 다른 품종에 비하여 높았다. 시험에서 얻어진 결론은 사초용 호밀의 수확시기를 고려할 때 수량과 사료가치를 높일 수 있는 방법은 조생호밀품종에 만기수확을 조합하는 사초생산기술에 의해서 가능하다는 것이다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2007

Antennas of the near field detection radar require little distortion in time domain caused by multi reflections between feed and open ends of the antenna, so that help to discriminate the target signal from the clutters. The resistive loading techniques have been used to reduce the late time distortions in order to prevent masking of target. In this paper, we design a microstrip antenna with two arms having sloted lines, which have inductance loading effect. Implemented antenna shows better performance on reducing late-time ringing, and the peak value of the received signal becomes 45% greater than the one by the antenna with two non-sloted lines.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2007

This study explored proverb comprehension and use in elementary school children by familarity and concreteness of proverbs and children's age, sex, experience of living with grandparents. The 529 fourth and sixth grade participants completed a questionnaire probing knowledge of 16 proverbs; 4 each in four categories(familiar-concrete, familiar-abstract, unfamiliar-concrete, and unfamiliar-abstract). Results showed highest comprehension scores for familiar-concrete proverbs. Sixth graders obtained higher comprehension score than fourth graders in all four proverb categories. There was no difference between grades in frequency of proverb usage. An interaction effect between grade and sex showed that female sixth graders had the highest comprehension score. These results suggest a possibility of relationship between figurative language and cognitive development related to abstract thinking in late school-age children.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel of internal combustion engines. In this paper, the combustion and emission characteristics were investigated on a natural gas engine at two different fuel injection timings during the intake stroke. The results show that fuel injection timing affects combustion processes. The optimum spark timing (MBT) achieving the maximum indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) is related to fuel injection timing and air fuel ratio. At MBT spark timing, late fuel injection timing delays ignition timing and prolongs combustion duration in most cases. But fuel injection timing has little effect on IMEP at fixed lambdas. The coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEP is dependent on air fuel ratio, throttle positions and fuel injection timings at MBT spark timing. The COV of IMEP increases with lambda in most cases. Late fuel injection timings can reduce the COV of IMEP at part loads. Moreover, engine-out CO and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions can be reduced at late fuel injection timing.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2009

SK Communications entered Korean instant messenger market as a late-mover in 2001 and its instant messenger service "NateOn" was placed in competition with Microsoft's "MSN Messenger", the leading service provider at the time. NateOn studied the nature of users accurately and gradually increased its market share through various services, and in September 2005, it succeeded in overtaking MSN as No.1 in the market. The success of NateOn is a case where a late-mover overcame the buddy-list network, a powerful competitive advantage, of the incumbent. By studying the changes in the instant messenger market of Korea, we try to examine the causes of NateOn's victory and MSN's loss. Through this, we wish to give implications for managers who endeavor to discover the internal and external strategies the leading business has to implement to remain ahead, and how a late-mover can overcome the lack of resources and capacity to leave a mark in the market.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.49.3-50
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• 2016

Two major radiative transfer (RT) techniques have been developted to model late-type galaxies: approximate RT and Monte Carlo (MC) RT. In the approximate RT, first proposed by Kylafis & Bahcall, only two terms of unscattered (direct) and single-scattered intensities are computed and higher-order multiple scattering components are approximated, saving computing time and cost compared to MC RT. However, the approximate RT can yield errors in regions where multiple scattering effect is significant. In order to examine how significant the errors of the approximate RT are, we compare results of the approximate RT with those of SKIRT, a state-of-the-art MC RT code, which is basically free from the approximation errors by fully incorporating all the multiple scattered intensities. In this study, we present quantitative errors in the approximate RT for late type galaxy models with various optical depths and inclination angles. We report that the approximate RT is not reliable if the central face-on optical depth is intermediate or high (${\tau}_V$ > 3).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2003

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of exogenous bovine somatotropin on the mammary function in late lactating crossbred Holstein cows. Twelve 87.5% late lactating Holstein cows, approximately 30 weeks postpartum, were divided into two groups of 6 animals each. Animals in the control group were given sodium bicarbonate buffer by subcutaneous injection, while animals in the treated group were given recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) by subcutaneous injection with 500 mg of bST (14 day prolonged-release bST). After bST injection, milk yield significantly increased from the control level on day 8 to day 20 (p<0.05) with a concomitant increase in mammary blood flow (p<0.01). An increase in mammary blood flow in response to bST treatment was greater than an increase in milk production. An increased plasma concentration of IGF-I coincided with an increase in mammary blood flow in animals treated with bST. There were no significant changes in the concentration of arterial plasma glucose concentration, the arteriovenous concentration difference (A-V difference) and mammary extraction ratio while the mammary glucose uptake increased when compared to the control group. The concentration of arterial plasma triglyceride decreased throughout the experimental period in animals give bST. The plasma concentration of acetate, and the mammary uptake for acetate significantly increased (p<0.05) after bST treatment. The action of bST did not affect the plasma concentration, A-V difference and extraction ratio across the mammary gland for $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate. The concentrations of milk fat and lactose tended to increase during bST treatment. Milk protein concentration initially increased in the first few days and decreased after bST injection when compared to the pretreated period. The present results indicated that bST could affect the mammary function in late lactating cows by increase in milk yield involving changes in both extra-mammary and intra-mammary mechanisms. The exogenous bST exerted its galactopoietic action through an increase in circulating IGF-I of the late lactating Crossbred Holstein cattle.