• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1996

This experiment was canied out to determine the effect of cultivar, harvest date and drying method on the changes of moisture content and quality of spring harvest oat(Avena sativa L.) hay. Disign of the experiment was a spilt-split-plot arrangement with early and late cultivars as main plots, early and late harvest dates as sub-plots, and drying agent and tedding as sub-subplots in three replications. Moisture content of early harvest oat was higher than that of late harvest oat by 127.1% dry weight(DW) in 'Swan' and 39.8%DW in 'Foothill'. Moisture content difference between 'Foothill' and 'Swan' was 117.6%DW at early and 204.9%DW at late harvest dates, respectively. Cultivar effect on moisture content of cut oat was higher at late harvest date, but drying method effect was higher at early harvest. Total nitrogen content of early harvest was higher than that of late harvest by 0.70% and that of 'Foothill' was higher than that of 'Swon' by 0.86%. But no difference in total nitrogen content was found between the drying method. ADF and NDF contents were increased at late harvest by 29% and 1 I%, respectively(P<0.05). ADF and NDF contents of 'Swan' were higher than those of 'Foothill' by 2.8% and 4.5%, respectively. No difference in ADF and NDF contents was obtained by drying methods. RFV of early harvest oat hay was 95.1 and 103.8 for 'Swan' and 'Foothill' but late harvest 'Swan' and 'Foothill' showed 74.8 and 85.0, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2003

We performed this study to determine the late biological effect of gamma radiation and effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a prescription of traditional Oriental medicine, on radiation-induced late biological effect (survival, hematological change, carcinogenesis) of mice irradiated with 3 Gy of gamma-radiation. There were little difference in body weights between normal and irradiated mice. Survival rate were decreased in irradiated mice and the survival rate and mean survival time of the groups treated with BZYQT were far better than the irradiation control group. A significant elevation of total leukocyte or lymphocyte counts was seen at week 4 and 12 of the group treated with BZYQT. Stimulated recovery by the extract from BZYQT was also observed in thrombocyte. Main gross findings of irradiated mice were appeared as enlargement of spleen, thymus and liver, tumorous nodules of lung and cyst or mass of ovary. Microscopically, there were various findings including hematopoietic and lymphoid tumor, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and cancer of other lesions. BZYQT reduced the incidence of tumor development. Further studies are needed to characterize better the protective nature of ingredients and active compounds.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2010

Radiation-induced late injury to normal tissue is a primary area of radiation biology research. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the late effect of the ionizing radiation appears as an age-related oxidative status in the brain. Three groups of 4-month old C57BL/6 mice that were exposed to $^{137}Cs$ ${\gamma}-rays$ at a single dose (5 Gy) or fractionated doses ($1Gy{\times}5times$, or $0.2Gy{\times}25times$) at 2 months old were investigated for the oxidative status of their brains with both young (2-month) and old (24-month) mice. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in old mice brains compared with that of the young mice. malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the old mice brain. However, any significant difference in SOD activity and MDA contents of the irradiated brain was not observed compared to age-matched control group mice. SOD activity and MDA content were observed within good parameters of brain aging and there were no late effects on the age-related oxidative level in the ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated mice brains.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.117-130
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to consider the influence of person-late night fit in the perceived value, intent of late-night shopping. The late-night shopping model which we present in this study incorporates three effects including the time fit and the physiological fit, the mood fit factors. Also, we expect that these fits effect utilitarian value and hedonic value, in turn, utilitarian value and hedonic value effect shopping intent. Survey research is employed to test hypotheses involving late-night fits, values, shopping intent. We collected data involving various late-night shopping, and used 221 respondents to analyze these data using LISREL structural modeling. The proposed model was a good fit with the data(GFI= .96 NNFI= .80 CFI= .92, AGFI= .88, RMR= .044), the hypothesized relationships were partly significant(p< .05). In the final section, we discussed several limitations of our study and suggested directions for future research. We concluded with a discussion of managerial implications, including the potential to advance understanding experiential consumption and implying an enhanced ability to attract late-night shopper.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1992

This experiment was undertaken to study effect of fall Fertitizarion on spring regrowth of Korean lawngrass( Zoysia japonica Steud ) Results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. late fall fertilization stimulated the spring regrowth of Korean lawngrass. hut early spring application showed little effect on that 2. The yield of clippings on May 21 was obviously greater in late fertilization plots(treatment C, D and E) than other plots(treatment A, B and control, but there was no significant difference in clipping yields of C, D and F treatment. 3. Both nitrogen and reducing sugar contents of runner fell down in spring. It was suggested thatthese constituents be translocated from runner to other parts during the budding period. 4. The nitrogen content of runner was obviously mote in the plot of late fall fertilization. In contrast to nitrogen, no obvious difference was found in reducing sugar content of runner of seven application date. It was suggested that the roots of plant be still able to absorb to absorb nitrogen under dormancy. .5.From these results. late fall fertilization enhances the development of Korean lawngrass in the following spring. But early spring application shows little effect on spring regrowth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.342-345
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• 2001

Telecommunication services are distinctive in that their adoptions are influenced by network effect resulting in 'the late take-off Phenomenon' and the 'critical mass' problem. In this paper we examined, so called, 'the late take-off phenomenon' in the diffusion process of telecommunication services. We compared the parameters of the diffusion process of consumer durables with those of fax services in the US and Korea. By analyzing the parameters of a new diffusion model based on the threshold model proposed by Markus, We found that 'the late take-off phenomenon' resulted from the low heterogeneity of the threshold distribution for the potential adopters.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2002

Telecommunication services are distinctive in that their adoptions are influenced by network effect resulting in 'the late take-off phenomenon' and the 'critical mass' problem. In this paper we examined, so called, 'the late take-off phenomenon' in the diffusion process of telecommunication services. We compared the parameters of the diffusion process of consumer durables with those of fax services in the US and Korea. By analyzing the parameters of a new diffusion model based on the threshold model proposed by Markus, we found that 'the late take-off phenomenon' resulted from the low heterogeneity of the threshold distribution for the potential adopters. A simulation approach was proposed for the theoretical implication of the 'critical mass' problem in the start-up telecommunications services.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the late effects, social adjustment, and quality of life in adolescents who had been completely treated for childhood leukemia and their parents. Methods: Participants consisted of 41 pairs of adolescent survivors (13-18 years) and their parents. Parents checked for their child's physical late effects. The Korean Version of Post-Traumatic Symptoms for psychological late effects, social functioning questionnaire for social adjustment and the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales for quality of life were completed by adolescents and parents. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Twenty out of 41 adolescents had one or more physical late effects. Adolescents showed more serious psychological late effect than parents. Five children and seven parents had above cut-off scores and they were considered the high risk group for posttraumatic symptoms. Parent-reported scores were significantly higher than child-reported scores in terms of social adjustment and emotional functioning of quality of life. Low school functioning in adolescents was associated with physical late effects. Conclusion: The results indicate that long-term and systematic management for childhood leukemia survivors affect positive social adjustment and can further improve quality of life.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of extension of grazing duration in late autumn on grass growth in following spring, in order to improve the rate of self-sufficiency for roughage feed. Plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage were increased when the grazing was finished early in late autumn. The proportions of clover and litter, and amounts of animal intake were decreased, with extended grazing duration in late autumn. But when the grazing was finished late in autumn, the contents of crude protein (CP, %) of herbage were increased, contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) and crude ash (%) were decreased in pasture after grazing, therefore the contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN, %) and relative feed value (RFV) of herbage were improved. The early end grazing showed that plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage in following spring were higher than those in late end grazing. However, increased yields were not significantly different among end grazing treatments (0.12-0.15 tonha), except for the final end grazing in late autumn (0.01 tonha). With extended grazing duration in late autumn, the contents of CP of herbage in following spring were increased, contents of ADF, were decreased, and RFV were improved. (Key words : Extension of grazing duration, Plant height, Biomass, Amount of intake, Increased yield, Crude protein, TDN) rll\ulcorner c# qiil x i 9 ~ 1 a% * (College of Natural Resources, Taegu Univ., Kyongsan, 71 2-714, Korea) * $4 4 qiil 34 qq(Co1lege of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Yonsei Univ., Wonju, 220-701, Korea) '* 8 * jL@%ft@ &@%(Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 060 Japan)

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

Objectives More than half of the elders suffer from chronic sleep disturbances. Moreover, sleep disturbances are more prevalent in patients with depressive disorder than in community dwelling elderly. In this study, we aim to estimate the risk factors of poor sleep quality and its effect on quality of life in patients with late life depression. Methods This study included 159 depressive patients aged 65 years or older who completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A global PSQI score of 5 or greater indicates a poor sleeper. Structural diagnostic interviews were performed using the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Depression was evaluated by the Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Global cognition was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease assessment packet. Quality of life was evaluated by the Korean version of Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). Results The frequencies of poor sleepers were 90.5% in major depressive disorder, 71.8% in minor depressive disorder, 47.1% in subsyndromal depressive disorder, and 73.0% in all types of depressive disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female [odds ratio (OR) = 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-6.67] and higher KGDS score (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05-1.21) were risk factors of poor sleep quality in patients with late life depression. In the analysis of ANCOVA adjusted for age, gender, education and KGDS score, the mean scores of vitality mental health and mental component summary of SF-36 were lower in poor sleepers than in good sleepers. Conclusions Poor sleepers among patients with late life depression are very common and are associated with female and higher KGDS scores. Poor sleep quality causes a significant negative effect on mental health quality. So researchers and clinicians should be more vigilant in the evaluation and treatment of sleep disturbances in patients with late life depression.