• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1994

Tumor of the trachea are uncommon. Trachea tumor are usually diagnosed late in their natural history, because the tracheal lumen may be extensively involved before symptoms occur, and because symptoms may be confused with those of asthma. Some 19% to 29% of the trachea tumor have laryngeal or lung malignancy. Squamous carcinoma is by far the most frequent among tracheal tumor, although adenocarcinoma and oat cell carcinoma have been described so. Oat cell carcinoma in the trachea are aggressive tumors as they are in the lung and elsewhere. Oat cell carcinoma as well as squamous cell carcinoma are related with tobacco exposure. We presented a case of small cell carcinoma nearly obstructing the trachea and right main bronchus which was partially removed after bronchoscopic ethanol injection, along with a review of the literature.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.354-363
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• 1995

1992년 1월부터 6월까지의 인공위성 적외선 영상자료를 이용하여 속초 근해에 형성된 와동류의 시간적 변화에 대하여 연구하였고 동년 5월에 그 구조를 관측하였다 와동류의 형성에는 두 가지 종류의 과정이 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 첫 번째로 1월의 영상자료에 의하면 난류의 대량 공급으로 인하여 약 200km 크기의 와동류가 형성되었다. 그 이후에 약간의 변형과 냉각과정을 거쳐서 3월에는 난류의 좁은 필라멘트가 북쪽으로 침투하면서 어느 정도 냉각된 기존의 와동류를 포위함으로써 4-5월에는 반지모양의 와동류로 발달하는 두 번째의 형성과정이었다. 와동류의 내부에는 수온 $10.0-10.4^{\circ}C$의 균질 중층수가 최대 170m의 두께로 존재하였다. 속초 근처 동한난류의 축에서의 유속 약 80cm/sec를 제외하면 나머지 부분의 와동류 내부에는 대체로 30-50cm/sec의 유속분포를 보였고 주수온약층 밑으로는 유속이 급격히 감소하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.472-475
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• 1998

A female Green iguana (Iguana iguana) was brought to the small animal clinic in Hannover Veterinary school because of anorexia and convulsion. Two months ago, the owner bought two iguanas, one female and one male and had to take a female to the one of local small animal clinic because she, born in 19931 didn't eat well and showed the tremor of the legs. The veterinarian suspected it to have a calcium deficiency and gave an injection of calcium and vitamin D3. But still during the last two months, the female iguana did only eat some lettuce while the other male ate lettuce, fruits and commercial cat-food ($Whiskas^{\circledR}$, Effem, Verden). It was not possible to evaluate the rations of these different "food-components". They are kept in the terrarium with water container. By palpation of the abdomen, hard thing like stone was palpated in the mid-region. The blood test wasn't carried out because of the difficulties of getting blood and because of her bad condition. It was firmly diagnosed as cystic calculus through radiography. Since the animal is in shock state already, the prognosis after surgery was bad. It was assumed to be too late to expect its surviving with the surgery carried out or without it. Cystotomy was performed in the cranial ventral paramedian incision in order to preserve the large ventral abdominal vein in the linen alba region. After two stay sutures ("holding suture" ) with 5-0 polyglactin 910 ($Vicryl^{\circledR}, Ethicon$) on the bladder, cystotomy was carried out and the stone inside was removed. Then, the bladder was closed in one-layer sutures. The abdomen was closed in simple interrupted suture with same material after the instillation of 10 ml saline solution into the abdominal cavity. The cystic calculus was in a size of $5.8{\times} 5.O{\times} 3.5 cm$. The analysis of the stone was carried out in two ways which are the infrared spectroscopy of the stone and quick analysis by $Merckognost^{\circledR}$(Diagnostica Merck, Merck). In the result of the infrared spectroscopy, the stone wee composed of 10% ammonium urate and 90% dihydrated uric acid. This iguana wasn't able to survive.n't able to survive.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

This study was performed to establish normal hepatoscintiangiographic(HSA) pattern of hepatic blood flow and to investigate dynamic differential HSA findings of primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscess of the liver. HSA was carried out after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m-phytate by obtaining sequential anterior images of 1-second exposure for 16 seconds. Observations included (1) baseline study of normal hepatic blood flow pattern by correlating with contrast angiogram, (2) time sequence phasing of normal HSA, and (3) analysis of altered patterns in primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscesses of the liver. Materials consisted of 20 normal subjects, 28 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastatic carcinomas and 7 liver abscesses. Results were: (1) Normal HSA demonstrated 3 distinct phases of arterialization(AP), of arterial hepatogram(AHP), and of portal venous hepatogram(PVHP). The means of each phase were 5.3, 6.3 and 8.3 seconds, respectively. Portal vein could be seen in all but one of 20 normal subjects. (2) Pattern changes in diseases groups were early start of AP in carcinomas and very early start of AP in abscesses. AP became prolonged in all disease group. (3) Distinction between AHP was sharp in metastasis and abscesses but un sharp in primary hepatoma. Cold area or areas became vascularized in primary hepatoma but not in abscess. Cold areas of metastasis were inhomogeneously vascularized in late AP and throughout AHP and became relatively vascular as PVHP began. The cold area of abscess showed rim enhancement during AH and APH. These differences in HSA pattern were very useful in differential diagnosis of the diseases studied.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cryopreservation methods for the effect of various vitrification containers, such as EM-grid, OPS, or cryo-loop on the survival and developmental rate of vitrified mouse pronuclear embryos, and mouse cleavage embryo, at 21, 24, 27 and 30 hr after hCG injection. Post-thaw cleavage was similar among treatments, while the developmental rates of mouse blastocyst and hatched blastocyst were higher ($p$ <0.05) in 27 hr and 30 hr than 21 hr. The developmental rate of hatched blastocyst at vitrified cleavage mouse embryos in cryo-loop was significantly higher than vitrified pronuclear embryos of control group as well as EM-grid and OPS ($p$ <0.05). The developmental rate using cryo-loop was higher than EM-grid, but in case of OPS at vitrified cleavage and mouse pronuclear embryos, no significant difference was noticed. These results of our study show that the developmental rates of mouse embryos were unaffected by various vitrification containers, but in case of mouse embryos and hatched blastocysts at late vitrified pronuclear embryos the developmental rates were higher than early vitrified pronuclear embryos. Moreover, the developmental rate of hatched blastocyst at vitrified cleavage mouse embryos was significantly higher than vitrified pronuclear embryos. For better execution of this study, it will be mandatory to include improvement of vitrification containers, cryopreservation methods and conditions, higher survival rate, safe preservation, contamination and embryo loss.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2016

During the late phase of severe accidents of light water reactors, a porous debris bed is expected to develop on the bottom of the flooded reactor cavity after breakup of the melt in water. The geometrical configuration, i.e., internal and external characteristics, of the debris bed is significant for the adequate assessment of the coolability of the relocated corium. The internal structure of a debris bed was investigated experimentally using the DAVINCI (Debris bed research Apparatus for Validation of the bubble-Induced Natural Convection effect Issue) test facility. Particle sedimentation under the influence of a two-phase natural convection flow due to the decay heat in the debris bed was simulated by dropping various sizes of particles into a water vessel with air bubble injection from the bottom. Settled particles were collected and sieved to obtain the particle mass, size distribution in the radial and axial positions, and the bed porosity and permeability. The experimental results showed that the center part of the particle bed tended to have larger particles than the peripheral area. For the axial distribution, the lower layer had a higher fraction of larger particles. As the sedimentation progressed, the size distribution in the upper layers can shift to larger sizes because of the higher vapor generation rate and stronger flow intensity.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 1993

A total of 108 Holstein calves with an average body weight of l19kg was studied in 4 farms in middle region of South Korea in late Autumn from November 8 to 27, 1991. Individuals were selected for treatment when they exhibited acute signs of pneumonia and had a rectal temperature of$\geq$4$0^{\circ}C$. Each animal received intramuscularly either danofloxacin at 1.25mg/kg once daily or oxytetracycline at 10mg/kg once daily for three consecutive days. The individuals which had a rectal temperature of$\geq$39.5$^{\circ}C$ at 24 hours after the third treatment received two further treatments. Treatment for three or five days with danofloxacin was very efficacious and superior to oxytetracycline in the treatment of calve pneumonia. Eighty-six per cent of 58 danofloxacin treated calves and sixty-six per cent of 50 oxytetracycline teated calves responded successfully to treatment for three days and the difference between treatment groups was highly significant. Danofloxacin was more efficacious than oxytetracycline in rapid and complete control of pyrexia and in resolution of clinical signs. The minimum inhibitory concentration of danofloxacin for Pasteurella hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida was equally 0.12~0.50 mcg/$m\ell$ while that of oxytetracycline for Pasteurella hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida was 2.0~4.0 and 4.0~16mcg/$m\ell$, respectively. During the treatment period side effect was not found in all animals of both treatment groups except some animals receiving oxytetracycline showed pain at the site of injection.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2005

Autonomous ultradian metabolic oscillation (T$\simeq$50 min) was detected in an aerobic chemostat culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A pulse injection of GSH (a reduced form of glutathione) into the culture induced a perturbation in metabolic oscillation, with respiratory inhibition caused by $H_2S$ burst pro-duction. As the production of $H_2S$ in the culture was controlled by different amino acids, we attempted to characterize the effects of GSH on amino acid metabolism, particularly with regard to branched chain and sulfur-containing amino acids. During stable metabolic oscillation, concentrations of intra-cellular glutamate, aspartate, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and cysteine were observed to oscil-late with the same periods of dissolved $O_2$ oscillation, although the oscillation amplitudes and maximal phases were shown to differ. The methionine concentration was stably maintained at 0.05 mM. When GSH (100 $\mu$M) was injected into the culture, cellular levels of branched chain amino acids increased dramatically with continuous $H_2S$production, whereas the cysteine and methionine concentrations were noticeably reduced. These results indicate that GSH-dependent perturbation occurs as the result of the promotion of branched chain amino acid synthesis and an attenuation of cysteine and methionine synthesis, both of which activate the generation of $H_2S$. In a low sulfate medium containing 2.5 mM sulfate, the GSH injections did not result in perturbations of dissolved $O_2$ NAD(P)H redox oscillations without burst $H_2S$ production. This suggests that GSH-dependent perturbation is intimately linked with the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and $H_2S$ generation, rather than with direct GSH-GSSG redox control.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.41-42
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• 2016

Today's mobile phones and tablet PCs offer a considerably wider range of functionalities than before. Mobile applications (apps) are increasingly used for managing various daily health tasks. Currently, more than 165,000 health-related apps are offered on all the stores of different platforms. Pf Jin and the Association for Research on MPS and Rare Diseases (AMARD) have helped Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) families through medical information and family support since 2015. AMARD developed the first mobile application for Korean patients with PWS, which was released to a limited number of patients under the age of 3 and only provided to Android users. The first version of the PWS application focused on growth hormone therapy and the assessment of growth and development by parents in infant and early-childhood PWS patients. The 2016 version of the PWS application has been improved in many different ways. We have expanded the subjects of the application to late childhood and adolescent groups, changed the user interface accordingly, and made the application available for iOS users. We will show the specialized growth curves of older children with PWS. Therefore, patients with PWS over the age of 3 and their parents can assess the patients' growth. Additionally, we have upgraded the growth hormone therapy menu by improving the input system for the growth hormone therapy injection schedule and the daily growth profile (height and weight). We expect that the new version of the PWS application will help many PWS families cope with growth hormone therapy and evaluate the effects of growth hormones in better ways. Additionally, we are making a constant effort to provide more useful information about patients with PWS in many aspects.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2014

Acellular intra-myocardial biomaterial injections have been shown to be therapeutically beneficial in inhibiting ventricular remodelling of myocardial infarction (MI). Based on a biventricular canine cardiac geometry, various finite element models were developed that comprised an ischemic (II) or scarred infarct (SDI) in left ventricular (LV) antero-apical region, without and with intra-myocardial biomaterial injectate in layered (L) and bulk (B) distribution. Changes in myocardial properties and LV geometry were implemented corresponding to infarct stage (tissue softening vs. stiffening, infarct thinning, and cavity dilation) and injectate (infarct thickening). The layered and bulk injectate increased ejection fraction of the infarcted LV by 77% (II+L) and 25% (II+B) at the ischemic stage and by 61% (SDI+L) and 63% (SDI+B) at the remodelling stage. The injectates decreased the mean end-systolic myofibre stress in the infarct by 99% (II+L), 97% (II+B), 70% (SDI+L) and 36% (SDI+B). The bulk injectate was slightly more effective in improving LV function at the remodelling stage whereas the layered injectate was superior in functional improvement at ischemic stage and in reduction of wall stress at ischemic and remodelling stage. These findings may stimulate and guide further research towards tailoring acellular biomaterial injectate therapies for MI.