• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권11A호
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• pp.1056-1063
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 기존 단극성 원 빔(one beam) 레이저 방식의 단점을 개선한 차량용 듀얼 빔 레이저 레이더 시스템을 설계하였다. 양극성 m-시퀀스를 두 개의 레이저 파장에 할당함으로써 2차원 OOC(orthogonal optical codes)와 유사한 특성을 갖도록 하고 수신부에서 두 개의 단극성 신호를 차동구조를 이용하여 양극성 신호로 합성하는 방법을 이용한 SNR 개선 방안을 제시하고 이의 성능을 분석하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안하는 듀얼 빔 방식이 기존 원 빔 단극성 신호방식의 레이저 레이더 시스템에 비해 3dB의 SNR 개선이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 차등구조를 이용한 간단한 간섭제거 기법을 제시하였다. 제안한 방식은 단극성 광 신호를 기반으로 제안된 최근의 우수한 연구 결과들에 적용함으로써 3dB의 SNR 이득을 추가로 확보할 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2019

Background and Objectives High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can produce small zones of thermal damage. A HIFU procedure is non-invasive and it can achieve rejuvenation of facial skin. Fractional CO₂ laser resurfacing delivers thermal damage to the pixilated columnar zone of the skin and so evoke collagen remodeling, the same as HIFU. In many cases, the patients who want rejuvenation with HIFU are also good candidates for cutaneous photorejuvenation such as can be accomplished via fractional CO₂ resurfacing. If patients are treated in a single session by remodeling both the superficial and deep compartments of skin by using both modalities, then improvement in rhytides and tightening of sagging skin will optimize the aesthetic result. Materials and Methods Between May 2014 and January 2018, a total of 44 patients were treated with combination HIFU and fractional CO₂ laser resurfacing according to our protocol. First, the HIFU was applied to the entire face with an average of 300 treatment lines. Immediately after HIFU treatment, the ultrasound gel was washed off and then fractional CO₂ laser resurfacing was performed. We evaluated the patients using 4-point grading scales. The clinician examined the skin for evidence of complications after the completion of treatment. Results All the patients' skin quality showed improvement. Further. the clinical results after duel modality treatment were substantially better than that after the use of either modality alone. The recovery times and the incidence of adverse events when quickly and consecutively performing both treatments were similar as compared to those with employing stepwise treatment. We encountered no complications whatsoever. Conclusion When compared with stepwise therapy, combination therapy with HIFU and fractional CO₂ resurfacing offers better, safer and more effective clinical results. Thus, for targeting multiple layers of aging facial skin, this combination therapy can be safely performed in a single treatment session.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2012

Recently, the demand for the miniaturization of printed circuit boards has been increasing, as electronic devices have been sharply downsized. Conventional multi-layered PCBs are limited in terms their use with higher packaging densities. Therefore, a build-up process has been adopted as a new multi-layered PCB manufacturing process. In this process, via-holes are used to connect each conductive layer. After the connection of the interlayers created by electro copper plating, the via-holes are filled with a conductive paste. In this study, a desmear treatment, electroless plating and electroplating were carried out to investigate the optimum processing conditions for Cu via filling on a PCB. The desmear treatment involved swelling, etching, reduction, and an acid dip. A seed layer was formed on the via surface by electroless Cu plating. For Cu via filling, the electroplating of Cu from an acid sulfate bath containing typical additives such as PEG(polyethylene glycol), chloride ions, bis-(3-sodiumsulfopropyl disulfide) (SPS), and Janus Green B(JGB) was carried out. The desmear treatment clearly removes laser drilling residue and improves the surface roughness, which is necessary to ensure good adhesion of the Cu. A homogeneous and thick Cu seed layer was deposited on the samples after the desmear treatment. The 2,2'-Dipyridyl additive significantly improves the seed layer quality. SPS, PEG, and JGB additives are necessary to ensure defect-free bottom-up super filling.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2018

Bearings are essential for reducing vibration and wear, in order to achieve high durability and increase longevity. White metal treatment of tilting pads via centrifugal casting method has the possibility of increasing durability. However, this manufacturing method has drawbacks such as long processing time, high defect rate, and harmful health effects. Laser cladding deposition technique is a powerful method that can address these issues by decreasing the processing time and providing good adhesion. In this study, we suggest optimum conditions for laser cladding deposition that can be used in industrial applications. We deposited a soft white metal layer on SCM440 that is primarily used in shafts to minimize wear of bearing pads. During the laser deposition process, we controlled factors such as laser power, powder feed rate, and laser head speed to determine the optimum conditions. In addition, we measured the hardness using micro Vickers, and performed field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and friction tests to investigate the mechanical properties and surface characteristics for different parameters. Based on the experimental results, we suggest that laser power, powder feed rate, and laser head speed of 1.3 kW, 2.5 rpm, and 10 mm/s, respectively, constitute the optimum conditions for producing white metals using laser cladding.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.831-835
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• 2014

온도를 달리하여 수열합성 시킨 두 ZnO nanostructure 의 자외선 검출 소자에 대해 표면 결함과 기판과의 계면 결함의 상대적인 영향을 분석했다. 실험은 laser 가 인가된 상태에서 bias voltage sweep rate을 조절하여, 그에 따른 전류-전압 곡선을 통해 이루어졌다. 수열 성장이 적게 된 ZnO nanostructure의 경우 405, 355 nm laser 인가시, bias voltage sweep rate 을 느리게 할 수록, 전류-전압 기울기가 낮아졌으며, 대조적으로 성장이 크게 된 시료의 경우 기울기가 높아졌다. 이에 대한 이유는 계면과 표면 결함 영향의 차이로 발생됨이 고려됐다. 이와 같이 laser 가 인가된 상태에서 bias voltage sweep rate 에 따른 전류-전압 곡선 분석 실험은 M-S-M (Metal-Semiconductor-Metal) 구조를 갖는 수열 성장된 ZnO 의 표면 및 계면 결함을 관찰하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.857-862
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• 1999

저자들은 기침, 객혈, 호흡곤란을 호소하는 48세 남자에서 기관 유두종으로 진단 후 부분마취하에 굴곡성 기관지 내시경을 이용하여 Nd-YAG 레이저 치료로써 치료한 후 약 3년동안의 추적 관찰에서 더 이상의 재발이 없어 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.665-671
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• 2021

A 1.8 ㎛ thick polycrystalline diamond (PCD) thin film layer is prepared on a Si(100) substrate using hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. Thereafter, its thermal conductivity is measured using the conventional laser flash analysis (LFA) method, a LaserPIT-M2 instrument, and the newly proposed light source thermal analysis (LSTA) method. The LSTA method measures the thermal conductivity of the prepared PCD thin film layer using an ultraviolet (UV) lamp with a wavelength of 395 nm as the heat source and a thermocouple installed at a specific distance. In addition, the microstructure and quality of the prepared PCD thin films are evaluated using an optical microscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope, and a micro-Raman spectroscope. The LFA, LaserPIT-M2, and LSTA determine the thermal conductivities of the PCD thin films, which are 1.7, 1430, and 213.43 W/(m·K), respectively, indicating that the LFA method and LaserPIT-M2 are prone to errors. Considering the grain size of PCD, we conclude that the LSTA method is the most reliable one for determining the thermal conductivity of the fabricated PCD thin film layers. Therefore, the proposed LSTA method presents significant potential for the accurate and reliable measurement of the thermal conductivity of PCD thin films.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2022

Laser-induced plasmonic sintering of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising technology to fabricate flexible conducting electrodes, since it provides instantaneous, simple, and scalable manufacturing strategies without requiring costly facilities and complex processes. However, the metal NPs are quite expensive because complicated synthesis procedures are needed to achieve long-term reliability with regard to chemical deterioration and NP aggregation. Herein, we report laser-induced Ag NP self-generation and sequential sintering process based on low-cost Ag organometallic material for demonstrating high-quality microelectrodes. Upon the irradiation of laser with 532 nm wavelength, pre-baked Ag organometallic film coated on a transparent polyimide substrate was transformed into a high-performance Ag conductor (resistivity of 2.2 × 10^-4 Ω·cm). To verify the practical usefulness of the technology, we successfully demonstrated a wearable transparent heater by using Ag-mesh transparent electrodes, which exhibited a high transmittance of 80% and low sheet resistance of 7 Ω/square.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

다층 연성기판은 높은 전기 전도성과 낮은 절연상수로 잘 알려진 구리와 폴리이미드로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 다층연성기판을 패턴된 스테인리스 스틸 위에 구리선을 전기도금하고 폴리이미드를 코팅함에 의해서 균일한 형태의 $5{\mu}m$-pitch의 전도선을 제조하는데 성공하였다. 또한, 다층기판 형성시 비아흘은 UV 레이저로 형성시켰으며 구리와 주석을 전기 도금함으로 이를 채웠다. 그런다음 비아와 전도선이 붙은 채로 스테인리스 스틸에서 벗겨냈다. 이렇게 형성된 각각의 층을 한번에 적층하여 다층연성기판을 완성하였다. 적층시 주석과 구리사이에 고체상태 반응(Solid state reaction)이 발생하여 $Cu_6Sn_5$ and $Cu_3Sn$을 형성하였으며 비아패드에 비아가 수직으로 위치한 완전한 형태의 층간 연결을 형성하였다. 이러한 비아 형성 공정은 V형태의 비아나 페이스트 비아와 비교할 때 좋은 전기적 특성, 저가공정등의 여러 장점을 가지고 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.2955-2960
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• 2012

Product ion yields in the in- and post-source decays of three peptide ions, $[Y_5X+H]^+$ (X = Y (tyrosine), K (lysine), and R (arginine)), generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) were measured at six wavelengths, 307, 317, 327, 337, 347, and 357 nm, using ${\alpha}$-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as the matrices. The temperatures of the early and late plumes generated by MALDI were estimated via kinetic analysis of the product ion yield data. For both matrices, the temperature drop (${\Delta}T$), i.e. the difference in the temperature between the early and late plumes, displayed negative correlation with the absorption coefficient. This was in agreement with the previous reasoning that deeper laser penetration and larger amount of material ablation arising from smaller absorption coefficient would result in larger extent of expansion cooling. The results support the postulation of the expansion cooling occurring in the plume presented previously.