• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.24-24
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• 2019

This study investigates variations in the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and its impact on South Korean precipitation in late summer during the period between 1958 and 2017. Composite analysis reveals that precipitation occurrence is directly linked to the displacement of the WPSH western ridge, a single, large-scale feature of the atmosphere in the Pacific Ocean. When WPSH ridging is located northwest (NW) of its climatological mean position, excessive precipitation is expected in late summer due to enhanced moisture transport. On the other hand, a precipitation deficit is frequently observed when the western ridge is located in the southeast (SE). Different phases of the WPSH are associated with lagged patterns of Pacific and Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic variability, introducing the potential to predict variability in the WPSH western ridge and its climate over northern East Asia by one month. Based on the identified SST patterns, a simple statistical model is developed and improvement in the ability to predict is confirmed through a cross-validation framework. Finally, the potential for further improvements in WPSH-based predictions is addressed.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.21-24
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• 2006

Processes controlling the interannual variation of mixed layer temperature (MLT) averaged over the NINO3 domain ($150-90^{\circ}W$, $5^{\circ}N-5^{\circ}S$) are studied using an ocean data assimilation product that covers the period of 1993 to 2003. Advective tendencies are estimated here as the temperature fluxes through the domain's boundaries, with the boundary temperature referenced to the domain-averaged temperature to remove the dependence on temperature scale. The overall balance is such that surface heat flux opposes the MLT change but horizontal advection and subsurface processes assist the change. The zonal advective tendency is caused primarily by large-scale advection of warm-pool water through the western boundary of the domain. The meridional advective tendency is contributed mostly by Ekman current advecting large-scale temperature anomalies though the southern boundary of the domain. Unlike many previous studies, we explicitly evaluate the subsurface processes that consist of vertical mixing and entrainment. In particular, a rigorous method to estimate entrainment allows an exact budget closure. The vertical mixing across the mixed layer (ML) base has a contribution in phase with the MLT change. The entrainment tendency due to temporal change in ML depth is negligible comparing to other subsurface processes. The entrainment tendency by vertical advection across the ML base is dominated by large-scale changes in wind-driven upwelling and temperature of upwelling water. Tropical instability waves (TIWs) result in smaller-scale vertical advection that warms the domain during La Ni? cooling events. When the advective tendencies are evaluated by spatially averaging the conventional local advective tendencies of temperature, the apparent effects of currents with spatial scales smaller than the domain (such as TIWs) become very important as they redistribute heat within the NINO3 domain. However, such internal redistribution of heat does not represent external processes that control the domain-averaged MLT.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.258-258
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• 2012

In frequency analyses of hydrological data, it is necessary for the interested variables to be homogenous and independent. However, recent evidences have shown that the occurrence of extreme hydro-meteorological events is influenced by large-scale climate variability, and the assumption of homogeneity does not generally hold anymore. Therefore, in order to associate the non-homogenous characteristics of hydro-meteorological variables, we propose the parameter estimation method of probability models using meta-heuristic algorithms, specifically harmony search. All the weather stations in South Korea were employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approaches. The results showed that the proposed parameter estimation method using harmony search is a comparativealternative for the probability distribution of the non-homogenous hydro-meteorological variables data.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Soil moisture plays a critical role in hydrological processes, land-atmosphere interactions and climate variability. It can limit vegetation growth as well as infiltration of rainfall and therefore very important for agriculture sector and food protection. Recently, due to the increased damage from drought caused by climate change, there is a frequent occurrence of shortage of agricultural water, making it difficult to supply and manage stable agricultural water. Efficient water management is necessary to reduce drought damage, and soil moisture management is important in case of upland crops. In this study, soil moisture was calculated based on the water balance model, and the suitability of soil moisture data was verified through the application. The regional soil moisture was calculated based on the meteorological data collected by the meteorological station, and applied the Runs theory. We analyzed the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture and drought impacts, and analyzed the correlation between actual drought impacts and drought damage through correlation analysis of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The soil moisture steadily decreased and increased until the rainy season, while the drought size steadily increased and decreased until the rainy season. The regional magnitude of the drought was large in Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsang-do, and in winter, severe drought occurred in areas of Gangwon-do. As a result of comparative analysis with actual drought events, it was confirmed that there is a high correlation with SPI by each time scale drought events with a correlation coefficient.

• 대기
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2018

This study evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in reproducing the present-day (1981~2005) precipitation over Far East Asia and South Korea. The WRF model is configured with 25-km horizontal resolution within the context of the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) - East Asia Phase 2. The initial and lateral boundary forcing for the WRF simulation are derived from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Interim reanalysis. According to our results, WRF model shows a reasonable performance to reproduce the features of precipitation, such as seasonal climatology, annual and inter-annual variabilities, seasonal march of monsoon rainfall and extreme precipitation. In spite of such model's ability to simulate major features of precipitation, systematic biases are found in the downscaled simulation in some sub-regions and seasons. In particular, the WRF model systematically tends to overestimate (underestimate) precipitation over Far East Asia (South Korea), and relatively large biases are evident during the summer season. In terms of inter-annual variability, WRF shows an overall smaller (larger) standard deviation in the Far East Asia (South Korea) compared to observation. In addition, WRF overestimates the frequency and amount of weak precipitation, but underestimates those of heavy precipitation. Also, the number of wet days, the precipitation intensity above the 95 percentile, and consecutive wet days (consecutive dry days) are overestimated (underestimated) over eastern (western) part of South Korea. The results of this study can be used as reference data when providing information about projections of fine-scale climate change over East Asia.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.178-178
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• 2023

Drought and flooding have historically coexisted in Korea, occurring at different times and with varying cycles and trends. The drought indicators measured were (PDSI), (SPI), and (SPEI) in order to statistically analyze the annual or periodic drought occurrence and objectively evaluate statistical characteristics such as the periodicity, tendency, and frequency of occurrence of droughts in the Doam watershed. To compute potential evapotranspiration (PET), both Thornthwaite (Thor) and Penman-Monteith (PM) parameterizations were considered, and the differences between the two PET estimators were analyzed. Hence, SPIs 3 and SPIs 6 revealed a tendency to worsen drought in the spring and winter and a tendency to alleviate drought in the summer in the study area. The seasonal variability trend did not occur in the SPIs 12 and PDSI, as it did in the drought index over a short period. As a result of the drought trend study, the drought from winter to spring gets more severe, in addition to the duration of the drought, although the periodicity of the recurrence of the drought ranged from 3 years to 6 years at the longest, indicating that SPIs 3 showed a brief time of around 1 year. SPIs 6 and SPIs 12 had a term of 4 to 6 years, and PDSI had a period of roughly 6 years. Based on the indicators of the PDSI, SPI, and SPEI, the drought severity increases under climate change conditions with the decrease in precipitation and increased water demand as a consequence of the temperature increase. Therefore, our findings show that national and practical measures are needed for both winter and spring droughts, which happen every year, as well as large-scale and extreme droughts, which happen every six years.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_1호
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• pp.1055-1066
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• 2018

식생의 광학적 특성을 기반으로 만들어진 식생지수들은 식물의 생물생산량뿐만 아니라 생리적 활성을 나타내고 있다. 식생지수의 활용은 위성에 장착된 다중분광 광학 센서의 발달에 힘입은 바가 크지만, 관측 공간규모에 따라 식생지수의 민감도가 달라질 수 있어 여러 규모에서의 비교 관측이 요구된다. 특히 광화학반사지수(PRI, Photochemical Reflectance Index)는 광합성능과 식물 스트레스 탐지에 유용한 것으로 알려져 있지만 올바른 해석을 위한 다양한 공간규모에서의 선행연구가 드물다. 본 연구에서는 드론에 장착된 다중분광 카메라, 소형 필드 초분광계, 휴대용 잎 반사계를 이용해 마늘 작물을 대상으로 서로 다른 공간규모의 PRI를 평가하였다. 잎 규모에서 하루 중 PRI는 잎의 윗면이 향하는 방위에 따라 서로 다른 시간에 최저값을 보였으며, 이는 어떤 순간에 잎마다 다른 광이용효율(LUE, Light Use Efficiency) 상태라는 것을 의미한다. 잎 규모에서는 식생피복율에 영향을 받지 않으므로 PRI 생물계절적 변화는 생육 초기에 개체 및 군락 규모보다 값이 높게 나타났다. 개체 및 군락 규모에서 PRI는 생물량을 나타내는 NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)와는 달리 공간적 변동성이 크게 나타났다. 반면, 지상의 개체들 규모의 식생지수를 드론 영상의 관측 지점 값과 비교해 보면 NDVI에 비해 PRI가좀더 좋은 일치도를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 서로 다른 공간규모에서 관측된 PRI를 이해하고 활용하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.153-153
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• 2022

Large-scale and accurate observations at fine spatial resolution through a means of remote sensing offer an effective tool for capturing rainfall variability over the traditional rain gauges and weather radars. Although satellite rainfall products (SRPs) derived using two major estimation approaches were evaluated worldwide, their practical applications suffered from limitations. In particular, the traditional top-down SRPs (e.g., IMERG), which are based on direct estimation of rain rate from microwave satellite observations, are mainly restricted with their coarse spatial resolution, while applications of the bottom-up approach, which allows backward estimation of rainfall from soil moisture signals, to novel high spatial resolution soil moisture satellite sensors over South Korea are not introduced. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the performances of a state-of-the-art bottom-up SRP (the self-calibrated SM2RAIN model) applied to the C-band SAR Sentinel-1, a statistically downscaled version of the conventional top-down IMERG SRP, and their integration for a targeted high spatial resolution of 0.01° (~ 1-km) over central South Korea, where the differences in climate zones (coastal region vs. mainland region) and vegetation covers (croplands vs. mixed forests) are highlighted. The results indicated that each single SRP can provide plus points in distinct climatic and vegetated conditions, while their drawbacks have existed. Superior performance was obtained by merging these individual SRPs, providing preliminary results on a complementary high spatial resolution SRP over central South Korea. This study results shed light on the further development of integration framework and a complementary high spatial resolution rainfall product from multi-satellite sensors as well as multi-observing systems (integrated gauge-radar-satellite) extending for entire South Korea, toward the demands for urban hydrology and microscale agriculture.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제33권1_2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2021

In this study, we identified characteristics of heatwaves on the Korean Peninsula and related atmospheric circulation patterns using data on the daily maximum temperature (TMX) and reanalysis data for the past 42 years (1979-2020) and analyzed their connection to the Arctic oscillation (AO). The heatwave on the Korean Peninsula showed to be stronger and more frequent in the 2000s. The recent strong and frequent heatwaves on the Korean Peninsula are mainly affected by abnormal high-pressure over the Korean Peninsula on the middle/upper-level atmosphere and the strengthening of the North Pacific high pressure. Interestingly, composite difference of sea level pressure showed very similar results to the positive AO pattern. The correlation coefficients between the summertime AO and the TMX and HWD of the Korean Peninsula were 0.407 and 0.437, respectively, which showed a statistical significance in 1%, and showed a clear relationship with the abnormal high-pressure over the Korean Peninsula and the strengthening of the North Pacific high pressure. In addition, in the positive AO phase, the TMX and HWD of the Korean peninsula were approximately 30.1 ℃ and 14.6 days, which were about 1.2 ℃ and 8.8 days higher than in the negative AO phase, respectively. As a result of the 15-year moving average correlation analysis, the relationship between the heatwave and AO on the Korean Peninsula has increased significantly since 2003, and the linear relationship between them has become more apparent. Moreover, after the 2000s, when the relationship developed, AO had more strongly induced the atmospheric circulation pattern to be more favorable to the occurrence of heatwaves in the Korean Peninsula. This study implies that understanding the AO, which is the large-scale variability in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Arctic-mid latitude teleconnection, can improve the performance of global climate models and help predict the seasonality of the summer heatwave on the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.403-417
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 CCTV 영상 기반 강우강도 산정 시 필수적으로 요구되는 적정 강우 이미지 DB를 구축하기 위한 방법론을 개발하였다. 먼저, 실환경에서 불규칙적이고 높은 변동성을 보일 수 있는 변수들(바람으로 인한 빗줄기의 변동성, 녹화 환경에서 포함되는 움직이는 객체, 렌즈 위의 흐림 현상 등)에 대한 통제가 가능한 한국건설생활환경시험연구원 내 기후환경시험실에서 CCTV 영상 DB를 구축하였다. 서로 다른 5개의 실험 조건을 고려하여 이상적 환경에서 총 1,728개의 시나리오를 구성하였다. 본 연구에서는 1,920×1,080 사이즈의 30 fps (frame per second) 영상 36개에 대하여 프레임 분할을 진행하였으며, 총 97,200개의 이미지를 사용하였다. 이후, k-최근접 이웃 알고리즘을 기반으로 산정된 최종 배경과 각 이미지와의 차이를 계산하여 빗줄기 이미지를 분리하였다. 과적합 방지를 위해 각 이미지에 대한 평균 픽셀 값을 계산하고, 설정한 픽셀 임계치보다 큰 자료를 선별하였다. 180×180 사이즈로의 재구성을 위해서 관심영역을 설정하고 10 Pixel 단위로 이동을 진행하여 픽셀 변동성이 최대가 되는 영역을 산정하였다. 합성곱 신경망 모델의 훈련을 위해서 120×120 사이즈로 재변환하고 과적합 방지를 위해 이미지 증강 과정을 거쳤다. 그 결과, 이미지 기반 강우 강도 합성곱 신경망 모델을 통해 산정된 결과값과 우량계에서 취득된 강우자료가 전반적으로 유사한 양상을 보였으며, 모든 강우강도 실험 조건에 대해서 약 92%의 데이터의 PBIAS (percent bias)가 절댓값 범위 10% 이내에 해당하였다. 본 연구의 결과물과 전이학습 등의 방법을 연계하여 기존 실환경 CCTV의 한계점을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.