• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.855-857
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to assess the associations of some potential risk factors and occurrence of calf mortality in large-scale dairy farms. Njoro area of the Rift valley, Kenya was selected due to its potential of large-scale dairy farms, since the time of the Europeans settlers. The study was retrospective and focused on the calves dying from January 1996 through October 1998. Sample of studied population consisted of 105 calves extracted from the farm records. Data was collected using a questionnaire and were grouped into farm-level and animal-level factors. Calf mortality was 15.6% and important risk factors for calf mortality were sex of calf, season of birth, pneumonia disease, age of dam when calf was born and house type for calves. Female calve born during colder wet seasons and born to dams of 2-4.5 years of age were equally at higher risk. Calves raised in movable pens compared to those raised in permanent pens were at higher risk of mortality from pneumonia. Animal level factors were major causes of calf mortality in commercial farms used in this study and therefore details study is needed in these factors in controlling the calf mortality rates.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.372-377
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• 2001

A study on the prevalence and causes of sub-clinical mastitis was conducted on ten smallholder and large-scale dairy farms in Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas. A total of 65 lactating cows were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Confirmatory tests used included; the direct microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC), culture, bacteriological and biochemical tests. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on management aspects. Results showed 62% and 4% cows as sub- clinical and clinical mastitis cases respectively. Levels of infection were higher on smallholder farms (75%) than on large-scale farms (25%). All tested cows had high cell counts (>500,000) per ml of milk. Incidences of mastitis were significantly (p<0.05) related to milking practices. The dominant bacterial isolates in the same order were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, and Escherichia coli. Other organisms isolated included Pseudomonas spp and Klebsiella spp. It was concluded that the high rates of sub-clinical mastitis in the research area were mainly due to poor management and unhygienic milking practices.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2009

In this research dairy cattle barn facilities what are 4,198 houses hold over 50 heads were surveyed by scale and province. Full-time farms hold over 50 heads breed total 344,514 heads. Each of Farms holds 50 to 99 heads were 79.8 percent and breed average 82.1 heads. Dairy cattle barns were constructed september 1995 averagely. Each of barns have $1,740.0\;m^2$ scale. The construction type of dairy cattle barn was almost litter barn type 84.0%, freestyle type 5.1%, mooring+litter ground type 17.3% and other types 4.4%. The litter barn type was popular in small farms. But in large farms, freestyle type was popular than small farms. The construction type of dairy cattle barn was almost litter barn type 84.0%, freestyle type 5.1%, moohng+ltter ground type 17.3% and other types 4.4%. Type of dairy cattle robotic milking system was pipeline 41.5%, herringbone 22.8% and tandem 35.8%. The pipeline type was popular in small farms which have 50~99 heads. But in large farms which have over 200 heads, tandem type was popular than small farms. Proportion of floor type of dairy cattle barn was almost litter type 94.9%. Scraper type was popular in large farms than in small farms. Proportion of roof type of dairy cattle barn was slate 32.5%, vinyl 16.3%, sunlight 11.1%, panel 10.9, zinc plate 8.8 and steel plate 8.3%. Roof type was lots of slate type before 1995. But vinyl type is increasing after 1995. Proportion of wall type of dairy cattle barn was almost open type 83.3% and winch-curtain 26.8%. Utilization period of dairy cattle barn was 9.2 years about milker, 7.9 years about automatic feeder, 9.2 years about waterer and 10.4 years about electric facilities. In this results, there were lots of improvements about automatic feeder.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.227-230
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• 2016

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants. This is the first large scale report to estimate the herd-level prevalence of antibodies against MAP by using an ELISA to detect antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. The samples were collected from January 2011 to November 2011, from 636 herds of the dairy farms in the Gyeonggi and Chungbuk areas of Korea. The overall apparent prevalence of MAP antibody-positive herds was 8.5%, and regional prevalence were 32/440 (7.3%) and 22/196 (11.2%) of dairy farms in the Gyeonggi and Chungbuk areas, respectively. The results did not differ significantly by region. While we have determined the prevalence rate of MAP in the Gyenoggi and Chungbuk areas in this study, there is a continuing need for well-designed studies to calculate the prevalence of MAP in dairy herds based on culture and molecular findings.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

In the present study, the incidence of bovine tubeculosis (bTB) and brucellosis in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) and dairy cow in Gyeongsangnam-do was investigated for three years from 2020 to 2022. The incidence bTB tested by tuberculin skin test with purified protein derivative (PPD) and gamma interferon (γ-INF) test with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. From 2020 to 2022, the incidence of bTB showed a decreasing trend in Hanwoo, while an increasing trend in dairy cow. In the case of Brucellosis, the positive rates for Hanwooe gradually increased. However, no brucellosis was found in dairy cow from 2020 to 2022. The increase in the incidence of these diseases is presumed to be related the small scale and poor sanitation facilities of livestock farms in Gyeongsangnam-do, and easy access of wild animals. Therefore, in order to suppress the incidence of the diseases, it is necessary to the farm scale from small to large and to strengthen sanitary facilities on farms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8_spc
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• pp.1244-1255
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• 2019

Dairy goat production continues to be a socially, economically and culturally important part of the livestock industry in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean islands. Goat milk, cheese and other dairy products offer consumers food products with nutritional, health and environmental benefits. In North America, Mexico produces the greatest volume of goat milk, but most is for family or local consumption that is typical of a mixed farming system adopted by subsistence farmers in dry areas. The United States is not yet a large global goat milk producer, but the sector has expanded rapidly, with dairy goat numbers doubling between 1997 and 2012. The number of dairy goats has also increased dramatically in Canada. Commercial farms are increasingly important, driven by rising demand for good quality and locally sourced goat cheese. In South America, Brazil has the most developed dairy goat industry that includes government assistance to small-scale producers and low-income households. As of 2017, FAO identified Haiti, Peru, Jamaica, and Bolivia as having important goat milk production in the Western Hemisphere. For subsistence goat producers in the Americas on marginal land without prior history of chemical usage, organic dairy goat production can be a viable alternative for income generation, with sufficient transportation, sanitation and marketing initiatives. Production efficiency, greenhouse gas emission, waste disposal, and animal welfare are important challenges for dairy goat producers in the Americas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 2011

Incidence of mastitis is highest in dairy cows and it is a leader of all diseases and the economic losses, in dairy farms. The objective of this study is to analyse the incidence of clinical mastitis using the lactation number, lactation month and season of calving. In this study, we used 3,779 lactation data and animal health records collected from 1990 to 2006 at the National Institute of Animal Science. Out of 3,779 cows, a total of 1,721 cows were reported with clinical mastitis, which was 46.3%. The frequency of mastitis increased from 36.9% from first lactation to 56.0% by the fifth lactation. As many as 766 cows (46.9%) showed a recurrence of mastitis after 14 days, apart for two or more and chronic mastitis that were recorded for 657 cows (20.3%). This came to a total of 3,010 cases that had clinical mastitis in the herd for sixteen years. The distribution of incidence of clinical mastitis was highest during the first month of lactation at 24.4%, and it reached to 43.4% by the third month. The incidence of mastitis was even higher for cows in first lactation, showing 28.6% in the first month, and 42.9 percent by third month of lactation. Cows calved during the summer and winter months showed higher rate of incidence with 59.9% and 57.9% within 30 days of lactation, respectively. It is urgently needed to establish a preventative management for heifer cows during their expected first lactation and the clinical specific dry-period management strategies that influence the rate of clinical mastitis during the next lactation. The aim of this study is to present information that might be useful to improve clinical mastitis prevention.