• 정보기술응용연구
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.41-69
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 책, CD, 화장품, 소프트웨어, PC와 주변기기, 그리고 가전제품의 6가지 산업의 개별 상품에 대한 실증조사를 통하여, 우리나라의 인터넷 소매상의 가격 전략을 대형의 전통 소매상의 가격 전략에 대하여 비교 분석하였다. 소비자가 인터넷에서 물건을 구매할 때 지불하는 금전적인 비용은 물건 대금과 배송료로 구성되나, 실증 조사에 의하면, 배송료는 조사된 6개 산업의 상품 중에서는 책과 CD의 경우에만 실제로 부과되고 있으며, 이 경우에도 소량으로 구매할 때에만 부과되고 대량으로 구매할 때에는 부과되지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과, 배송료가 부과되지 않는 대량 구매의 경우, 책과 CD, 그리고 화장품은 인터넷 시장의 가격이 전통 시장의 가격보다, 특히 책은 대형 할인점보다도, 평균적으로 10% 이내에서 더 저렴한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 배송료가 부과되는 소량 구매의 경우에는 책과 CD의 경우, 인터넷 시장에서의 가격이 전통 시장에서의 가격보다 (단, 책은 대형 할인점에 비해서) 평균적으로 10% 이상 비싼 것으로 나타났다. 그 이외의 경우에는 두 시장의 평균 가격간에는 거의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다 가격의 산포도는 배송료가 포함된 책의 경우에만, 전통 시장에 비해서, 인터넷 시장이 더 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 그 이외의 경우에는 모두 인터넷 시장이 더 작은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 5% 유의수준에서는, 두 시장간의 차이는 배송료가 제외된 책과 CD의 경우에만 통계적 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.이러한 결과는 인터넷 소매상이 일반적으로는 전통적 소매상에 대하여 가격 우위 전략을 추구하지 않고 있으며, 일부 저가품 산업에서 대량 구매에 대해서만 가격 우위 전략을 취하고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 연구 과정에서 발견된 증거들은 우리나라에서는 아직 고가의 내구재 산업에서는 인터넷 시장이 확립되지 못하였으며, 몇몇의 저가 상품 산업을 중심으로 제한적으로 소비자 인터넷 시장이 형성되기 시작했다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 본 논문의 연구결과는 인터넷 소매상의 경영 전략에 대한 상황모형에 의한 연구의 필요성을 입증한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.968-979
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• 2008

농촌 지역사회의 지속적인 성장과 활성화는 지역경제에 의해 좌우되고, 마찬가지로 지역주민들의 생필품 공급은 지역소매업자들에게 의해 이루어진다. 이러한 현실에서, 농촌지역의 영세소매업자에 대해 관심을 가지고 이들을 연구하는 것은 지역공동체의 지속적인 성장에 중요할 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 대규모의 할인점들과의 경쟁에 직면하고 있는 미국 농촌 지역의 영세소매업자들(의류, 보석, 꽃, 철물 등)중에서 대규모의 할인점들과의 치열한 경쟁에 성공을 거둔 영세소매업자들이 어떠한 마케팅, 머천다이징, 고객서비스, 경영전략을 실시하고 있는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 또한, 영세소매업자들의 성공을 가능케 한 사업전략으로 사회적 자본인 지역사회참여가 어떻게 사용되고 있는지도 고찰하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 미국 중서부 지역의 세 도시를 대표하는 27명의 농촌소매업자들과의 인터뷰 및 내용분석방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 이들은 몇 가지 효과적인 경영전략들을 실시하고 있지만, 아직도 미흡한 부분들이 있었다. 결과부분에서는 이들이 사용하고 있는 주요 경영관행들에 대해 논의하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Purpose -This study is to measure the effects of retail legislations on small retailers and traditional markets. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The authors have developed a questionnaire with five hypotheses on the basis of previous research results and six constructs: the improvement of sales volume, the number of customers, the improvement of store traffic, the increase of store staff, business expansion and retail regulation. Furthermore, the research has adopted a five-point Likert-scale technique. In order to increase research reliability as well as validity, the authors have adopted a few different research techniques such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results - Although existing retail regulations might be better than nothing for now, the degree of retail constraints on large retailers should be strengthened. Furthermore, different legal methods to protect mom and pops are needed. Conclusions - In order to improve the effects of retail restrictions on large retailers, the research indicates that the central government should change a retail policy, that is, introduce new technical ways to keep mom and pops and conventional markets.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2016

As consumers' interest in social responsibility (SR) has greatly increased in the last two decades, a growing body of academic research has examined the influence of consumers' environmental consciousness on their attitudes and purchase intentions toward environment-friendly apparel products. Use of environment-friendly shopping bags (EFSB; recycled and reusable bags) is an example of how apparel retailers engage in SR. However, little research has examined consumers' perceptions and their responses to the use of EFSB. To fill this research gap, this study examined the impact of young consumers' perceptions of EFSB and environmental consciousness on their attitudes and purchase intentions toward apparel retailers using EFSB. An online survey was conducted for data collection. A convenience sample of 212 college students was obtained from a large mid-Southern university in the U.S. A simple linear regression analysis was conducted to test all hypotheses. Results showed that young consumers' perceptions of EFSB positively influenced their environmental consciousness and their attitudes toward apparel retailers that use EFSB, which led to purchase intentions toward the retailers. Findings confirmed that young consumers placed a great degree of importance on EFSB and, therefore, would purchase apparel from retailers that use recycled or reusable shopping bags. These findings imply that providing EFSB is important in enhancing positive attitudes and purchase intentions toward apparel retailers.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2003

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for economic design of multi-stage distribution system that consists of factory, central distribution centers, local distribution centers and retailers. The retailers are supplied products from different stage suppliers according to order size. The retailers are supplied products from factory if demand amount is large, central distribution center if medium, local distribution center if small. The economic design is to determine the economic size of facility factors that consist of distribution system. The cost factors are transportation cost from supply places to demand places, handling cost at distribution centers and inventory holding cost at retailers. It is to determine the transportation route of each retailer, the size and number of the vehicle at factory and distribution centers, the handling amount at distribution centers in order to minimize the total costs. The mathematical model is represented, the solution procedure is developed, and a numerical example is shown.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-40
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• 1996

This year marks the full liberalization(i.e., opening up) of the Korean distribution market to foreign firms. Therefore, we are likely to see much activity by foreign retailers who will be entering the Korean market and indigenous retailers trying to depend their current market positions. The liberalization of Korean distribution market will undoubtedly lead to some erosion of market share of indigenous retailers, but the benefits of rationalization of distribution, stable consumer prices, strengthened competitiveness of indigenous retailers far outweigh the costs. With liberalization, we are likely to see increased growth of "New Modes of Retailing(NMR)." In this paper, I describe the distinguishing characteristics of NMR as economies of scale, self service, large physical facilities, low-to-medium price, and systemization. I also describe the similarities and differences between the various types of NMR. Finally, I describe the fit between the various forms of NMR and the Korean consumer environment.vironment.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the applicability and effectiveness of both teukyakmeip contracts of Korea and consignment contracts of the United State to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of teukyakmeip in Korea. These are popular contract agreements between large retailers and their suppliers and vendors. In recent years, teukyakmeip was critically examined and scrutinized by the politicians, the media, and the public of Korea. Consequently, this paper focusesheavily on identifying and analyzing different types of contract agreements between large retailers and their suppliers that currently exist in Korea and compares and contrasts those analyzed contract agreements with teukyakmeip. The article also comparesand contrasts teukyakmeip with the consignment agreements of the United States to identify similarities and differences. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is a descriptive study and has used personal interviews to collect and analyze the data. This study also fits the definition of the case study wherein it is entirely focused on investigating a real-life event: analyzing and examining contract agreements in the distribution industry. Both randomly selected management and vendor representatives from the three major department stores, Lotte, Hyundai, and Shinsegae, in Korea were interviewed between July and September 2013. The analysis of the consignment agreement was conducted based on existing secondary data. Results - Although the evidence of the abuse of teukyakmeip and consignment by large retailers from both countries clearly exists, the findings suggestthat both contract agreements would remain as the most relevant and effective legal contracts between large retailers and their suppliers. Based on the comparisonanalysis of teukyakmeip and consignment, both contracts indicated that suppliers are fully responsible for inventory and inventory management. If sales person is necessary for promoting special product, then suppliers are responsible for providing a sales person and their wages under both contracts. However, American department stores, those located outside urban area, tend to use their own employees to perform special product and sales promotion. The retailersare fully responsible for any interior or floor design or redesign of the retail store to accommodate the products from vendors under consignment; however, both suppliers and retailers share the cost of designing and redesigning the interior to accommodate vendors'products under teukyakmeip. Suppliers are responsible for pricing and supplying the quantity of the products under both agreements. Both contracts allow special sales commission as long as vendors agreed. Vendors use this special commissionto introduce their new products or apply market penetration strategy. Conclusions -The findings of this study showed the changing pattern of contract agreements between large retailers and their suppliers from both countries. Furthermore, this study evidently generated policy implications of teukyakmeip which recently became the major social issue in Korea and attracted many policymakers to gain political points by criticizing the teukyakmeip system and the large retailers. The findings of the study would be valuable to policy makers in making appropriate decisions and to large retailers and vendors in making beneficial agreements. The major implication of this study is that teukyakmeip and consignment agreements include very similar or almost identical characteristics, and they are popular among department stores and suppliers. The issue of abolishing teukyakmeip in Korea needs to be examined cautiously because teukyakmeip is the best one available at the moment, and the study suggests that no one benefits from abolishing this system.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2010

이 논문은 소매업체의 청과물 구입실태와 농산물 도매시장 구매의 문제점을 조사 분석하여 소매업체와 도매시장간 연계성 강화 방안을 모색하고 있다. 대형유통업체는 구매채널이 비교적 골고루 분산되어 효율적인 구매방식을 모색하고 있으나 중소 유통업체는 산지직거래 능력이 미약하여 주로 중도매인(방문구매)에 의존하고 있다. 업태별로 향후 도매시장 구입 의향을 보면, 대형유통업체와 외식/급식업체의 경우 도매시장 구입을 유지 내지 감축하려는 비율이 높고, 중소유통업체는 도매시장 구입을 확대 내지 유지하려는 경향을 보였다. 소매업체가 도매시장 구입 시 느끼는 문제점으로는 상품의 균질성 미흡과 속박이, 저온저장고 부족, 장소협소로 물류미비, 유통비용과다, 가격안정성 미흡 등이 있다. 농산물 도매시장이 시급히 개선해야 할 사항으로는 시장면적 확대로 물류효율화, 저온저장고 확충 등 시설 개선, 품질관리시스템 확립, 소분 포장 등 가공시설 확충 등인 것으로 조사되었다. 소매업체와 농산물 도매시장간 연계를 강화시키기 위해서는 도매시장 공간 확보를 통한 물류 원활화, 도매시장내 국가 검품제도 도입, 경락가격 안정화 방안 모색, 하역비 절감 방안, 소매업태별 차별화 마케팅 추진, 중도매인의 규모화 등이 필요하다. 거래제도 측면에서는 단기적으로 선취매매, 정가수의매매 등을 활성화시키고 중장기적으로는 도매상제도의 확대가 필요하다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2013

Fast fashion companies have generated enormous amounts of clothing and large quantities of unsold or short-lived clothing end up in the landfill. As if to counter fast fashion, sustainable fashion has arisen for environmentally friendly garments at different levels from the fiber stage to production stage. However it is still fraught with uncertainty of systems in the industry. Therefore, this study proposed a system to create re-valued clothing from recycled garments for retailers. The target companies are large-sized retailers like Levi's, Polo, Gap, or J-Crew which are consistently producing basic items such as Levi's 501 or Classic Polo shirts with middle-prices. At the material stage, this study recommended additional requirements of designing a garment with a long life cycle based on criteria of an ideal garment developed by Patagonia clothing company. Then, this study explored innovative ways that retailers might connect with consumers to allow direct interaction between them in terms of the process of collecting used clothes. Using recycled clothing as a source material, this study strove to offer a process of redesign where the concept of 'waste to fashion' is developed as reconstructions where old forms are transformed into new ones.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.136-148
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• 2015

We analyzed the effect of three different types of inventory systems for saving the total cost using simulation on the system where multiple depots and many retailers disperse on the limited area. Three types of inventory systems are single echelon system with inventory exchange and two-echelon system and the variant two-echelon system. Variant two echelon system is the two-echelon system where the inventory transshipmentsare allowed on every two stage inventory echelons. Inventories kept on every retailer are commonly used for all retailers when certain retailer has stock-out. And when all retailers are stock-out, inventories kept on every depot are commonly used for the retailers whose assigned depots are stock-out. These all three systems are simulated with the constraint of service level on wide range of parameter settings. Simulation results show that cost saving effect appear clear for single echelon system and two-echelon system when shortage cost portion and transportation cost portion becomes large respectively irrespective of depot number. Variant two echelon system seems to be superior to two other systems when transportationcost portion becomes very small. But this superiority is not proved in terms of statistics. So we may conclude that the variant two echelon system may be useless with the higher administrative efforts due to frequent inventory exchange. Also we note that the traditional two echelon system becomes inferior to two other systems in terms of statistics when service level becomes high or when demand variance becomes very large. And inventory integration effect that cost becomes saved when depot number decrease, diminishes when transportation cost or stock-out cost increases irrespective of inventory systems.