• Title/Summary/Keyword: Large bore

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Target dose study of effects of changes in the AAA Calculation resolution on Lung SABR plan (Lung SABR plan시 AAA의 Calculation resolution 변화에 의한 Target dose 영향 연구)

  • Kim, Dae Il;Son, Sang Jun;Ahn, Bum Seok;Jung, Chi Hoon;Yoo, Suk Hyun
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.171-176
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    • 2014
  • Purpose : Changing the calculation grid of AAA in Lung SABR plan and to analyze the changes in target dose, and investigated the effects associated with it, and considered a suitable method of application. Materials and Methods : 4D CT image that was used to plan all been taken with Brilliance Big Bore CT (Philips, Netherlands) and in Lung SABR plan($Eclipse^{TM}$ ver10.0.42, Varian, the USA), use anisotropic analytic algorithm(AAA, ver.10, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and, was calculated by the calculation grid 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mm in each Lung SABR plan. Results : Lung SABR plan of 10 cases are using each of 1.0 mm, 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm calculation grid, and in case of use a 1.0 mm calculation grid $V_{98}$. of the prescribed dose is about $99.5%{\pm}1.5%$, $D_{min}$ of the prescribed dose is about $92.5{\pm}1.5%$ and Homogeneity Index(HI) is $1.0489{\pm}0.0025$. In the case of use a 3.0 mm calculation grid $V_{98}$ dose of the prescribed dose is about $90{\pm}4.5%$, $D_{min}$ of the prescribed dose is about $87.5{\pm}3%$ and HI is about $1.07{\pm}1$. In the case of use a 5.0 mm calculation grid $V_{98}$ dose of the prescribed dose is about $63{\pm}15%$, $D_{min}$ of the prescribed dose is about $83{\pm}4%$ and HI is about $1.13{\pm}0.2$, respectively. Conclusion : The calculation grid of 1.0 mm is better improves the accuracy of dose calculation than using 3.0 mm and 5.0 mm, although calculation times increase in the case of smaller PTV relatively. As lung, spread relatively large and low density and small PTV, it is considered and good to use a calculation grid of 1.0 mm.

Root cause analysis of the abnormal wear on diesel engine crankpin and lubricant contamination (윤활유 오염과 디젤엔진의 크랭크핀 이상마모에 대한 원인 규명)

  • Seo, Jeongwoo;Park, Donghee
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.38 no.7
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    • pp.854-867
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    • 2014
  • In the circumstance that high oil price state is continued over the world, the investment in crude oil development by oil major is a trend of increasing. Recently the number of delivered drill-ship for 5 years has been sharply increased all over the world and about twice than that of past 30 years. As addition to the increase of the drill-ship demand, the operation of drill-ships which is delivered recently is about 3,000 meters, ultra deep sea, on average and the work area is expending. Accordingly the drilling system including the size and length of pipe for drilling has been bigger and bigger and the power supply equipment for operation system also has large capacity. Unlike merchant vessel, high power and high voltage of diesel generators are required for drill-ship for which the demand for V-type 320 bore of diesel generator has increased. It is on the raised that the importance of lubrication oil cleaning for diesel generator on drill-ship which has longer time for construction, and also long term low load operation is unavoidable during commissioning of equipments. Recently it was reported that engine crankpin was damaged due to the hard contact caused by the abnormal wear down(Cam wear) on crankpin and bearing. The same pattern of wear down was found through the inspection on series vessels and the other vessel under commissioning. The purpose of this paper is to analyze of the wear mechanism based on the observation and theories and objective research from actual cases and to prepare the counter measures to avoid foreseeable damage when the lubricating oil is not properly cleaned.

Clinical Efficacy of 7-French Catheter for Initial Treatment of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (원발성 자연기흉에 대한 초 치료로서 7-French 흉관의 적용)

  • Ryu Kyoung-Min;Jung Eui-Seok;Cho Suk-Ki;Sung Sook-Whan;Jheon Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.39 no.5 s.262
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    • pp.394-398
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    • 2006
  • Background: Goal of the initial treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is re-expansion of the lung by evacuation of air from pleural space. Authors thought small caliber catheter could reach to this goal instead of conventional large bore chest tube. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of 7-French (Fr) catheter for the initial treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: Between May 2003 and April 2005, 111 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were managed with tube drainage; 7 Fr catheter for 86 patients and 24-French chest tube for 25 patients. We analyzed catheter indwelling time, use of analgesics, re-expansion of the lung, and catheter related problems by medical records. Result: Mean catheter indwelling time was $2.4{\pm}1.1$ days in 7 Fr group and $2.3{\pm}1.3$ days in chest tube group (p>0.05). All patients with 24 Fr catheter needed analgesics injection but never in 7Fr group. Complete re-expansion of the lung based on plane chest radiograph was obtained in 77% of 7 Fr group. The problem related with 7 Fr catheter was kinking, which showed in 5.6%. Conclusion: Application of the 7 Fr catheter for initial management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax was as effective as 24 Fr catheter.

Wood Anatomical Characteristics of Domestic Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) Infested by Pine wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) (소나무재선충 감염 소나무의 목재해부학적 특성)

  • Ahn, Sye-Hee;Jeon, Mun-Jang;Eom, Young-Geun;Oh, Sei-Chang;Lee, Mi-Rim
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2011
  • The pine wilt disease is one of the most serious forest diseases that kill the pine trees, and the study on the invasion and movement of the pine wood nematode within the tree is very important for understanding the inhabitation of pine wood nematode. In this relation, the microscopic observation was carried out to study the place of inhabitation and movement of pine wood nematode within the infested wood. In result, the rays were mainly infested by pine wood nematode and showed dark discoloration due to their necrosis in cross, radial and tangential surface. Also, the intensive damage was found in the resin canals. On the other hand, some traumatic resin canals in tangential band were identified in the sapwood near the cambium. In the ray, the pine wood nematode occurred more commonly in the ray parenchyma cell and fusiform ray with horizontal resin canal than in the ray tracheid and uniseriate ray without horizontal resin canal, respectively. The pine wood nematode was thought to move from ray to tracheid through the large natural opening, window-like pit, in the cross-field, neither through the small natural opening, bordered pit, in the tracheid nor through the tracheid wall by creating a bore hole.

Efficacy of Combining Proximal Balloon Guiding Catheter and Distal Access Catheter in Thrombectomy with Stent Retriever for Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke

  • Kim, Sang Hwa;Choi, Jae Hyung;Kang, Myung Jin;Cha, Jae Kwan;Kim, Dae Hyun;Nah, Hyun Wook;Park, Hyun Seok;Kim, Sang Hyun;Huh, Jae Taeck
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.62 no.4
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    • pp.405-413
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    • 2019
  • Objective : We evaluated efficacy of combining proximal balloon guiding catheter (antegrade flow arrest) and distal access catheter (aspiration at the site of occlusion) in thrombectomy for anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 116 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with stent retriever. The patients were divided by the techniques adopted, the combined technique (proximal balloon guiding catheter and large bore distal access catheter) group (n=57, 49.1%) and the conventional (guiding catheter with stent retriever) technique group (n=59, 50.9%). We evaluated baseline characteristics (epidemiologic data, clinical and imaging characteristics) and procedure details (the number of retrieval attempts, procedure time), as well as angiographic (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score, distal thrombus migration) and clinical outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge, modified Rankin Scale [mRS] at 3 months) of them. Results : The number of retrieval attempts was lower (p=0.002) and the first-pass successful reperfusion rate was higher (56.1% vs. 28.8%; p=0.003) in the combined technique group. And the rate of final result of TICI score 3 was higher (68.4% vs. 28.8%; p<0.01) and distal thrombus migration rate was also lower (15.8% vs. 40.7%; p=0.021) in the combined technique group. Early strong neurologic improvement (improvement of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ${\geq}11$ or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ${\leq}1$ at discharge) rate (57.9% vs. 36.2%; p=0.02) and favorable clinical outcome (mRS at 3 months ${\leq}2$) rate (59.6% vs. 33.9%; p=0.005) were also better in the combined technique group. Conclusion : The combined technique needs lesser attempts, decreases distal migration, increases TICI 3 reperfusion and achieves better clinical outcomes.

"A Study on Hebrews Clothing in the Old Testament" - Especially on Hair Styles, Headgears, Footwear and Personal Ornaments - (구약성서(舊約聖書)에 나타난 히브리인의 복식(服飾) - 두식(頭飾), 신발 및 장신구(裝身具) 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Park, Chan-Boo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.10
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    • pp.63-80
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    • 1986
  • The Old Testament cotains mention of the history of creation and clothing in ancient Hebrew. This study dealt with Hebrew dress customs especially aimed at the manners of their hair styles, headgears, footwear and personal ornaments. References are Korean Revised Version, English King James Version and Revised Standard Version. There is little mention of hair styles and headgears in the Old Testament. Some sort of turban was worn by priests, and soldiers protected themselves with helmets, but most Israelitish men went bareheaded except on special occasions and often wear simple headbands. It was more common for women to use headwear of some type-turbans, scarves, and veils concealing the face. The veil was the distinctive female wearing apparel. All females, with the exception of maidservants and women in a low condition of life, wore a veil. It was the custom for women to wear a veil entirely covering their head in the public. Through most of the Old Testament periods long and thick hair was admired on men and women alike. The Hebrews were proud to have thick and abundant long hair, and they gave much attention to the care of their hair. The caring of hair was deeply related to their rituals. Nazirites never took a razor to their hair during his vow-days, but instead let it grow long, as an offering to God. Men would not cut their beards, but allow them to grow long. The Israelites' standard footwear was a pair of simple leather sandals. This was one of the items of clothing not highly prized. In a colloquial saying of the time, a pair of shoes signified something of small value, and to be barefoot except in times of mourning or on holy place, was a sign either of extreme poverty or humiliation, as in the case of war prisoners. Because precious stones were not mined in the Palestine-Syria region, Hebrews imported them from foreign country. They were consumer-to a large degree limited by their very modest standard of living-but not producers. Hebrews liked the precious stones and were motivated to acquire and wear jewels. Besides their use for adornment and as gifts, the precious or semiprecious stones were regarded by Jews of property. The Hebrews were not innovators in the field of decorative arts. The prohibition of the Law against making any "graven image" precluded the development of painting, sculpture, and other forms of representational art. Jewish men did not indulge in extravagances of dress, and there was little ornamentation among them. Men wore a signet ring on their right hand or sometimes suspended by a cord or chain around the neck. The necklaces, when worn by a male, also bore any symbol of his authority. Bracelets were extremely popular with both men and women, men usually preferring to wear them on their upper arms. The girdle was a very useful part of a man's clothing. It was used as a waist belt, or used to fasten a man's sword to his body, or served as a pouch in which to keep money and other things. Men often carried a cane or staff, which would be ornamented at the top. Among the women there was more apt to be ornamentation than among the men. Hebrew women liked to deck themselves with jewels, and ornamentation of the bride were specially luxurious and numerous. They wore rings on their fingers or On toes, ankle rings, earrings, nosering, necklace, bracelets. Their shapes were of cresent, waterdrops, scarab, insect, animal or plant. Sometimes those were used as amulets. They were made of ceramics, gold, silver, bronze, iron, and various precious stones which were mostly imported from Egypt and Sinai peninsular. Hebrews were given many religious regulations by Moses Law on their hair, headgears, sandals and ornamentation. Their clothing were deeply related with their customs especially with their religions and rituals. Hebrew religion was of monotheism and of revealed religion. Their religious leaders, the prophets who was inspired by God might need such many religious regulations to lead the idol oriented people to God through them.

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A Study of Power Perception between Supplier and Retail Buyer of Agricultural Products (농산물공급자와 대형소매업체 바이어간의 상호 파워 인식에 대한 연구)

  • 서성무;이은정
    • Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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    • 2003.02a
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    • pp.123-166
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    • 2003
  • Marketing channel is recognized as one of the society systems which have the character of functional organization. These organizations are related to each other for specialized and cooperative work. Channel members in distribution channel are striving to accomplish exchange through reciprocal action. Thus channel members exercise their power to take better position in exchange. There will be struggling between members about satisfaction and conflict during this power exercise. Now a days, buyers use more harsh power as large retail firms are increasing. This phenomenon is occurring in the distribution channel. However, there will be different phenomenon in case of agricultural products. Not like industrial product suppliers, agricultural product suppliers have various supply channels and many agricultural products are seasonal. It has also unstable amount supplies. There should be differentiated marketing in agricultural products. Relatively weaker powered suppliers have to strengthen comparative factors and also have to be technically specialized through assessed experience in order to establish strong product sales chain. Making a brand of agricultural product would be also a good idea to increase the product comparability. Channel members need to be recognized their specialized functions in order to make balanced distribution channel. There have to be conversion of concept of relation between suppliers and buyers from subordinate relationship to cooperative relationship.

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