• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2016

In the field of natural language processing, Universal Networking Language (UNL) has been used by various researchers as an inter-lingual approach to automatic machine translation. The UNL system consists of two main components, namely, EnConverter for converting text from a source language to UNL, and DeConverter for converting from UNL to a target language. Currently, many projects are researching how to apply UNL to different languages. In this paper, we introduce the tools that are UNL's applications and discuss how to reuse them to encode a Vietnamese sentence into UNL expressions and decode UNL expressions into a Vietnamese sentence. The testing was done with about 1,000 Vietnamese sentences (a dictionary that includes 4573 entries and 3161 rules). In addition, we compare the proportion of sentences translated based on a direct method (Google Translator) and another one based on UNL.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.01a
• /
• pp.404-407
• /
• 2009

Bluetooth Video Distribution Profile (VDP) defines the protocol and procedures that realize the distribution of video content compressed in a specific format for the efficient use of the limited bandwidth. In this paper, we describe the design of VDP tester based on TTCN-2 (Tree and Tabular Combined Notation), a language standardized by ISO for the specification of tests for real-time and communicating systems. Our work was carried out as a part of supporting a new profile testing module for VDP in PTS (Profile Tuning Suite), a reference test system for Bluetooth interoperability testing. Test demonstration for the interoperability with various VDP solutions at the PTS session in UPF30 (Unplug Fest) showed the validity of the developed tester. Eventually, we introduce the PTS architecture, and show the design and implementation of VDP tester included in the released PTS 3.0 in this paper.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.25 no.10
• /
• pp.1535-1545
• /
• 2022

Sign language has completely different meaning depending on the direction of the hand or the change of facial expression even with the same gesture. In this respect, it is crucial to capture the spatial-temporal structure information of each movement. However, sign language translation studies based on Sign2Gloss2Text only convey comprehensive spatial-temporal information about the entire sign language movement. Consequently, detailed information (facial expression, gestures, and etc.) of each movement that is important for sign language translation is not emphasized. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose Spatial-temporal Keypoints Centered Sign2Gloss2Text Translation, named STKC-Sign2 Gloss2Text, to supplement the sequential and semantic information of keypoints which are the core of recognizing and translating sign language. STKC-Sign2Gloss2Text consists of two steps, Spatial Keypoints Embedding, which extracts 121 major keypoints from each image, and Temporal Keypoints Embedding, which emphasizes sequential information using Bi-GRU for extracted keypoints of sign language. The proposed model outperformed all Bilingual Evaluation Understudy(BLEU) scores in Development(DEV) and Testing(TEST) than Sign2Gloss2Text as the baseline, and in particular, it proved the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by achieving 23.19, an improvement of 1.87 based on TEST BLEU-4.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.71-92
• /
• 2009

Europass was established in 2005 by the European Parliament and the Council of Europe as a single framework for language qualifications and competences, helping citizens to gain accreditation throughout the European Community. In addition, the 1996 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR) provides a common basis for language syllabi, curriculum guidelines, examination, and textbooks in Europe. This framework describes the required knowledge and skills, the cultural context, and the levels of proficiency that learners should achieve. In combination, Europass and the CEFR provide employers and educational institutes with internationally recognized standards. This paper proposes that current trends such as globalization and international mobility require a similar approach to accreditation in Asia. As jobs and workers become independent of national boundaries and restrictions, it becomes necessary to educate students as multilingual world citizens, using standards that are accepted around the world. It is suggested, therefore, that assessment models such as Europass and the CEFR, along with successful language teaching models in Europe and Canada, present opportunities of adaptation for the Korean education system. Finally, rigorous teacher training to internationally recognized levels is recommended, if Korea is to produce a workforce of highly-skilled, plurilingual world citizens.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.247-252
• /
• 2008

Systems architecture of information models for construction industry is introduced. The architecture ful fills international standards, such as ISO 10303(STEP) and IAI IFC, etc. It is defined in web service description language(WSDL) and ISO 10303-11(EXPRESS) language. A standard platform for this standard architecture is also developed. This platform has several tools which can transform EXPRESS description file into C++ or Java languages and which also can generate an IDL file or OWL file from an EXPRESS file. System architects, software engineers, information system consultants can use these standards to define their information model for construction industry in standardized way. Construction engineers can test this information model with ease using standard testing tools and testing method, which is also a part of standard architecture of information systems for virtual construction.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.373-375
• /
• 2008

TTCN-3(Testing & Test Control Notation Version 3) defined in EISI(2001) are the standardized test specification and test implementation language of applicable for all kinds of black-box testing for reactive and distributed system, telecom systems, Mobile system, Internet, CORBA based system, java, XML, etc. This paper using the TTCN-3 on an Electric Power IT Protocol DLMS(Device Language Message Specification) standards for the implementation of the device equipment test the suitability of the protocol.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.87-119
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to classify research methods used in Korean language education studies with a focus on identifying how and what quantitative research methods are utilized in these studies. Analyzing articles published in the Journal of Korean Language Education from 2005 to 2016, we found a trend that as a replacement for secondary research, primary research played a more prominent role after 2010, as the number of quantitative studies and studies using mixed methods increased. We also found that within quantitative studies of Korean language education, research themes and statistical analyses became diversified after 2010. In order for quantitative research to contribute continuously to Korean language education, the quality of research has to improve. In particular, quantitative researchers in this area should: (a) increase their general understanding of statistical methods, (b) conduct "power analysis" to determine the appropriate sample size for hypothesis testing, and (c) be aware of measurement issues such as measurement equivalence and DIF when measuring latent psychological constructs. It is also important to notice that these points above should be considered carefully in the planning and designing stage for researchers.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2014

A cause-effect graph considers only the desired external behavior of a system by identifying input-output parameter relationships in the specification. When testing a software system with cause-effect graphs, it is important to derive a moderate number of tests while avoiding loss in fault detection ability. Pairwise testing is known to be effective in determining errors while considering only a small portion of the input space. In this paper, we present a new testing technique that generates pairwise tests from a cause-effect graph. We use a Boolean Satisbiability (SAT) solver to generate pairwise tests from a cause-effect graph. The Alloy language is used for encoding the cause-effect graphs and its SAT solver is applied to generate the pairwise tests. Using a SAT solver allows us to effectively manage constraints over the input parameters and facilitates the generation of pairwise tests, even in the situations where other techniques fail to satisfy full pairwise coverage.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 1991

Articulation test is a good predictor of spatial speech transmission quality. Like many other languages, articulation testing method using Korean language was proposed in 1989, and which was proved as a valid indicator in rooms with static background noise. In this paper, the testing method is examined in variable noise conditions. According to the experiment performed in 26 classrooms with variable background noise, the proposed articulation testing method using Korean Language is still in variable conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study intend to develop the automatic voice system for language communicating over foreign patients in testing of magnetic resonance imaging. Used sentences for the automatic voice system was selected with twelve sentences and five foreign languages in hospital in use. These translated texts were provided free of charge from Oddcast's website, which is recorded each language-specific voice as Wav files, The recorded audio file were produced by the two types of a power-point show of MS-office 2013(extension; ppsx) form and Web-enabled system using the PHP program to be applied in the mobile phone environment. It is considered to relieve the stress about an language barrier to medical technician and the voice system designed with the variable language will be enhanced the diagnostic information on foreign patients. Because automatic voice system designed for this study can enhance the understanding of test in between korean medical technician and foreign patients, It will be expected to utilize more usefully in clinical practice.