• 한국통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국통신학회 1982년도 추계학술발표회논문집
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 1982

The analysis of Korean language by the first order markov source is carried out. The calculated entropy of the first order Markov source is also included. The results presented here are new data. The data can be useful in designing the keyboard pattern of terminal and the automatic discrimination of monosyllable in Korean language.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제20권
• /
• pp.183-201
• /
• 2010

Based on case studies from Japan and South Korea, this review paper explores the hidden costs of English language learning (ELL). In a context where English has become a commodity and ELL a form of consumption, we focus on the personal and social costs of (a) studying abroad as a much-touted path to "native-like" proficiency and (b) sexualization of language teaching materials in order to reach new niche markets. The hidden costs of ELL are embedded in language ideologies which set English up as a magical means of self-transformation and, at the same time, an unattainable goal for most Japanese and Koreans. We end with the call to expose debilitating language ideologies in order to shed light on the hidden costs of ELL.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.199-213
• /
• 2009

From the perspective of pragmatics, language is a mode of act that works in the order of motive and performs human purpose. The function of language is then primarily performative rather than informational or significative. Pragmatics, however, encounters a tough question: what is the relation of the linguistic act to meaning? Many language theories including pragmatic theories admit the autonomy of meaning while defining language as act. But in Deleuze and Peirce we find examples of maximalist pragmatics that denies the autonomy of meaning. However, Deleuze and Peirce are different in their view on the function of meaning. For Deleuze, language is the transmission of act, what he calls 'order-word.' He rejects meaning except as the minimal condition for the transmission. But his theory turns out to be contradictory in that meaning as the minimal condition is actually the function of constants that he denies for order-words that are always variables. On the contrary, Peirce's pragmatism as a radical pragmatics does not exclude meaning. For him, language is interpretative act serving the purpose of understanding reality, which is performed through the function of meaning and 'habit.' This shows that meaning is indispensable to language even in maximalist pragmatics.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국언어정보학회 1983년도 Seoul Papers in Formal Garmmar Theory = Proceedings of the Third Korean-Japanese Joint Workshop
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 1983

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2017

Word sense disambiguation(WSD) that determines the exact meaning of homonym which can be used in different meanings even in one form is very important to understand the semantical meaning of text document. Many recent researches on WSD have widely used NNLM(Neural Network Language Model) in which neural network is used to represent a document into vectors and to analyze its semantics. Among the previous WSD researches using NNLM, RNN(Recurrent Neural Network) model has better performance than other models because RNN model can reflect the occurrence order of words in addition to the word appearance information in a document. However, since RNN model uses only the forward order of word occurrences in a document, it is not able to reflect natural language's characteristics that later words can affect the meanings of the preceding words. In this paper, we propose a WSD scheme using Bidirectional RNN that can reflect not only the forward order but also the backward order of word occurrences in a document. From the experiments, the accuracy of the proposed model is higher than that of previous method using RNN. Hence, it is confirmed that bidirectional order information of word occurrences is useful for WSD in Korean language.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.125-138
• /
• 1992

The purpose of the present study was to examine the development of embedding through relative clause formation in the first language acquisition of Korean. Results are reported from the study of the spantaneous natural speech of 36 young Korean children ranging from 16 months to 45 months in age acquiring Korean as their first language in Chinju, Korea. The results revealed a developmental order in the first language acquisition of Korean relative clause structures. Namely, a free or headless relative clause appears to be acquired first, before lexically headed restrictive relative construction. This order is consistent with one evidenced in English (and also Chinese) first language acquisition, 'free' relatives appear to provide a developmentally early stage in the acquisition of restrictive relative clauses. The Korean data provided additional evidence for an intermediary stage with an overt complementizer as well as an overt lexical head. Implications for the results are disscused with regard to a continuous theory of universal grammar in the first language acquisition.

• 철학연구
• /
• 제126권
• /
• pp.295-320
• /
• 2013

스피노자는 인간의 생각과 태도, 행위를 규정하고 이끌어내는 힘을 언어가 가지고 있다고 생각했다. 인간의 의식과 행동을 결정하는 힘이 언어에 있는 한, 인간 공동체에서 언어는 매우 중요한 것이다. 그런데 스피노자에게 이 언어의 의미는 고정적인 것이 아니라 역동적으로 변화하는 것으로서 드러난다. 스피노자에게 언어를 이루는 기호와 그 의미는 서로 다른 것이다. 한 사회에서 널리 통용되는 기호로서의 언어는 숙고되지 못한 신체적 이미지들에 기반하여 성립하기 쉬운 까닭에 자주 부적합한 관념으로서의 상상지를 수반한다. 그러나 그렇다고 해서 언어가 참된 관념을 표현하지 못하는 도구인 것은 아니다. 의미의 질서는 이미지들의 연쇄, 관념의 연쇄를 통해서만 결정된다. 의미는 항존적인 것이 아니라, 이미지와 관념의 질서를 바꿈으로써 바뀐다. 단어가 함축하는 이미지들과 관념들의 질서를 재배치하는 과정을 통해 언어는 참되고 적합한 관념을 표현할 수 있게 된다. 물론 참된 관념을 언어로 표현하는 것만으로는 부족하다. 인간의 관념과 행위를 결정하는 언어의 힘은 그것이 참된 것을 표현하느냐 아니냐에 따라 결정되는 것이 아니라, 어떤 의미의 질서가 보다 큰 헤게모니를 가지는가에 따라 결정되기 때문이다. 이런 의미에서 이 세계는 서로 다른 의미의 질서들이 충돌하고 힘겨루기를 하는 장으로 보아도 무방할 것이다. 이성의 질서를 표현하는 언어의 의미를 수용하는 이들이 많아지면 많아질수록, 언어를 통해 매개되어 연대한 이들의 힘이 이 세계를 보다 더 이성적이며 합리적인 방향으로 바꾸게 될 것임을 의미한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 모든 변화는 바로 언어의 질서를 바꾸는 일, 다시 말해 기존의 관념이 옳지 않다는 것을 밝히고 널리 알리는 일에서 시작되는 것임에 틀림없다. 이것이 바로 스피노자가 "신학 정치론"에서 "성서"의 허구적 측면을 언어 분석을 통해 폭로하고, 사상의 자유를 역설한 까닭이다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.413-426
• /
• 2020

This study researches the association between associative vocabulary and fashion image language in order to extract ideas that can be used as basic data for design ideas. Classic - avant-garde imaged language were chosen as theme words and each 70 questionnaires per a final image word were used for analysis. We obtained the following results by researching keywords that explained classic image words through a word cloud technique. It was found to have high central representation in the order of suit, classical, basic, music, Chanel, black and traditional. The core key words explaining avant-garde image language were found to have a central representation in the order of : peculiar, huge, Comme des Garçons, artistic, creative, deconstruction and individuality. We extracted the necessary idea dimensions needed for design ideas through associative network graph analysis. In the case of classical image language, it was named as the Mannish Item, Music, Modern Color, and the Traditional Classicality dimensions. In the case of avant-garde image language, it was named as the Key Image, Artistic Aura, Key Design and Designers dimensions.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.131-152
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the introduction order of 9 English morphemes in the English textbook used in the middle school and the learning order of the morphemes by the 7th graders learning English as a foreign language. The subjects are 139 students in two middle schools, who learn English with different textbooks. The introduction order of each morpheme in two textbooks was examined according to its quantity and frequency. Data on the real learning order were collected through the written SLOPE test, and each morpheme was ranked by its group score. The introduction order of each morpheme in the textbook and the real learning order were analyzed by Spearman rank order correlation. It was shown that the correlation between the two was very low. This means that those textbooks do not take the learning order of English morphemes into account. Also it was shown that in the earlier stage of learning English the introduction order of each morpheme in the textbook had much influence on its learning order, but in the later stage such influence reduced gradually. This means that the learning order of English morphemes approaches the natural order as time passes by.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.125-138
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the types of mother's language and literacy information as they collaborated to write a letter during a 10-minute session. Subjects of the study consisted of 60 mothers and their children 10 boys and 10 girls each at the age of 3,4 and 5 The mothers' teaching language was analyzed on the basis of hoffman(1987)'s study and the types of information thant mothers and children exchanged during writing letters was analyzed by Burns and Casbergue (1992)'s categories. Frequency percentages and χ2 tests were used to analyze the data. The resuls of this study were as follows. 1. The types of the mothers' teaching language from the most to the least were mother-initiated statements mother-initiated questions and mother's responses to child's efforts. There were significant differences according to children's age in mothers' language. In the mother-initiated questions request questions were used most frequently and followed by interrogation questions and invitation questions next. The statements initiated by mothers were directive comments informative comments supportive comments insistence comments and invitation comments in order. Mothers' responses to child's efforts were corrects/controls additional cues confirmation promotion and praise in order. In all three types of the teaching language significant promotion and praise in order. In all three types of the teaching language significant differences were found according to children's age. 2. The types of information about writing were spelling content off task/preparation mechanical conventions and conceptual meaning of writing in order. Significant differences were found according to children's age. In the age group of 4-and 5-year-olds the mothers exchanged more information about spelling than the mothers of 3-years-olds who frequently used information about content and off task or preparation of writing the letter.