• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2022

The newly identified frontal aslant tract (FAT) that connects the posterior Broca's area to the supplementary motor area is known to be involved in speech and language functions. We successfully intraoperatively monitored FAT using cortico-cortical evoked potentials generated by single-pulse electrical cortical stimulation in a patient with oligodendroglioma.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.181-219
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to review the functions of {됐어} and {X了} as a discourse marker on different levels, and to examine their similarities and differences. {됐어} has not been widely recognized as a discourse marker in the field of Korean linguistics and Korean language education. Therefore, in order to establish the identity of {됐어} as a discourse marker, the reasons that {됐어} can be regarded as discourse marker were explained prior to the contrastive analysis. As to the method of contrastive analysis for {됐어} and {X了}, they were analyzed on three main dimensions: that is, the textual dimension, the interpersonal dimension, and the metalinguistic dimension in the corpus consisting of scripts of Korean and Chinese sitcoms. The results are as follows. In the textual domain, {됐어} and {X了} have the function of closing the topic in common, while {X了} can indicate a new topic and transmit a topic. In terms of functions in the interpersonal domain, {됐어} and {X了} are commonly used to refuse a partner's proposal or request and to interrupt a partner's speech or action. Furthermore, in the interactional aspect, {됐어} and {X了} performs the function of expressing a response to a preceding utterance and taking the turn of speaking. The difference between them in the interpersonal domain is that {X了} performs the function of correcting a speaker's utterance. In the metalinguistic domain, {됐어} and {X了} are common in that they perform the function of expressing the dissatisfaction of the speaker, showing generosity and making a compromise with the addressee. {X了}'s distinguishing characteristics in this domain is that it can express the attitude of consoling the hearer.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.203-224
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to justify the effects of role play with respect to speaking and listening functions and to provide the strategic methodology for improving English communicative competence of fifth grade primary school students. We can expand role play as a strategic teaching method to develop English learning models, so that English can be more easily acquired to the students who are in the critical language acquisition period. Strategic role play reflects the events and experiences of many kinds of people in everyday life. It is suggested that one of the best methods to improve English communicative competence in the primary classroom is through role play. Students can develop meaning for language patterns by portraying situations in which these instances in language would be used. This study proposes to facilitate English communicative ability using various student-centered role play strategies. It is concluded that the student-centered activities using strategic role play help the students to improve their English communicative competence. This is done by deriving their own creative dialogues and presenting the role play with their interests in learning English and with subsequently positive learning effects.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to survey the major elements that have changed English from a synthetic language to an analytic one. Therefore, this paper has looked at the differences between synthetic languages and analytic ones. In synthetic languages, the relation of words in a sentence is synthetically determined by means of inflections, while in analytic languages, the functions of words in a sentence are analytically determined by means of word order and function words. Thus, Old English with full inflectional systems shows the synthetic nature. However, in the course of time, Old English inflections came to be lost by phonetic changes and operation, which made English dependent on word order and function words to signal the relation of words in a sentence. The major phonetic changes that have shifted English are the change of final /m/ to /n/, the leveling of unstressed vowels, the loss of final /n/, and the decay of schwa in final syllables. These changes led to reduction of inflections of English as well as the loss of grammatical gender. The operation of analogy, the tendency of language to follow certain patterns and to adapt a less common form to a more familiar one, has also played an important role in changing English.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.12-13
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• 1999

일관성을 평가하기 위한 모형들이 맡은 인터페이스 모델링 연구자들에 의해서 개발되어 왔다. Reisner (1981)의 GRAL(Grammatical Representation of Action language) 모형으로부터 시작된 일관성 평가 모형 개발은 TAG(Task Action Grammar; Payne and Green, 1986), APT(Agent Partitioning Theory: Reisner, 1993), PROCOPE(Poitrenaud, 1995) 모형으로 발전되었다.(중략)

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.318-323
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• 1993

The paper discusses the problem of computing coarser observation functions in supervisory control of discrete event systems. It is shown that when a supervisor that realizes a given language L has certain properties, L-realizability of a coarser observation function is equivalent to control-compatibility of the states in some subsets of the state space of the supervisor. This characterization is then used to devise an iterative procedure of computing coarser L-realizable observation functions, where supervisor reduction and L-realizability verification of an observation function are performed at each iteration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 1996

Robot programming has been discussed in detail during the recent years. Numerous studies in particular presented relevance, solution concepts and implementation of off-line programming. In this paper a new user-friendly robot programming method is introduced, which permits the implicit description and programming of assembly process. On the functional level of programming, the assembly processes are described in terms of their operational functions. On the language level, the individual functions are then translated into commands for the robots.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1995

The aim of thesis is to analyze dress phenomena, the semantic function and meaning of clothing were respectively on the basis of Semantics and Society by Geoffrey Leech and mentalistic semantics. To comprehend the actual clothing behaviour better, the pictures taken on the streets were used, including all kinds of the western-style and the traditional Korean costumes in Korea. The followings are the findings of the analysis. A in language, the semantic functions of the clothing are the informational, the expressive, the directive, the aesthetic, and the phatic functions. They communicate operating simultaneously. The clothing is the mentalistic semantics.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

Objective : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is frequently used to localize language areas in a non-invasive manner. Various paradigms for presurgical localization of language areas have been developed, but a systematic quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of those paradigms has not been performed. In the present study, the authors analyzed different language paradigms to see which paradigm is most efficient in localizing frontal language areas. Methods : Five men and five women with no neurological deficits participated (mean age, 24 years) in this study. All volunteers were right-handed. Each subject performed 4 tasks, including fixation (Fix), sentence reading (SRI. pseudoword reading (PR), and word generation (WG). Fixation and pseudoword reading were used as contrasts. The functional area was defined as the area(s) with a t-value of more than 3.92 in fMRI with different tasks. To apply an anatomical constraint, we used a brain atlas mapping system, which is available in AFNI, to define the anatomical frontal language area. The numbers of voxels in overlapped area between anatomical and functional area were individually counted in the frontal expressive language area. Results : Of the various combinations, the word generation task was most effective in delineating the frontal expressive language area when fixation was used as a contrast (p<0.05). The sensitivity of this test for localizing Broca's area was 81 % and specificity was 70%. Conclusion : Word generation versus fixation could effectively and reliably delineate the frontal language area. A customized effective paradigm should be analyzed in order to evaluate various language functions.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.209-218
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• 2015

BPEL is used in various domains since it can describe the flow of works according to conditions and rules, and it can call web services in service-oriented computing environments. However, new functions that are not provided by BPEL grammar are required in specific domains. Generally, when new functions are required, the domain-specific language should be newly defined and developed, which requires high development cost. In this regard, a new function needs to be defined and added instead of developing domain-specific language with the new functions added. However, such methods only allow an addition of a single function, and it is difficult to design and add new functions according to the needs. This paper defines XAS4B document, which extends the BPEL grammar function through XML schema in order to add new functions, and proposes BPEL engine generator that generates BPEL engine with the new functions added by processing the document. The XAS4B document enables the creation of a new grammar added to BPEL using XML schema. It also shows the process of adding new functions to BPEL engine using AspectJ, JAVA implementation of aspect-oriented programming. The proposed system can add new functions using AspectJ without modifying BPEL engine. This allows the provision of new functions at low cost in various domains.