• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1248-1257
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• 2005

This paper designs and implements a sentence generation for an augmentive and alternative communication system(AAC). The AAC system is assistive communication device to help the mute language disorder communicate more freely and the system have an objected to reduce time and keystrokes for sentence generating. The paper of sentence generation make up for merits and demerits in the existing sentence generation method and in order to sentence generation. One aspect of Korean language that confines nouns defending on the verbs or postpositional words is used for sentence generation. The distinctive feature of this paper is to connect verbs to nouns using domain knowledge. We utilize the lexical information that exploits characteristics of Korean language for sentence generation. A comparison with other approaches is also presented. This sentence generation is based on lexical information by extracting characteristics of sentences.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.437-446
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• 2008

Electroglottography (EGG) is a simple and non-invasive technique for analyzing the vibratory patterns of the vocal folds by detecting impedance changes across the larynx. An abnormal electroglottogram is shown in patients who have a dysphagia associated with neuromuscular disorder. Electroglottography offers reliable informations for diagnosis of swallowing disorder and gives quantitative datas. The purpose of this study is to provide the normal value of electroglottography in normal adults. We took electroglottograms of 80 adults who have no problem in swallowing and utterance. EGG data were analyzed to find out the value of Pitch, Jitter and Closed quotient with a commercially available software. There were significant differences between a usual voice and loud voice in 3 measures on the EGG signalmean pitch, Avg. jitter, mean quotient. To get a proper electroglottography, phonation of a usual voice was better than a loud voice. Four measurements- S.D pitch, Avg. Jitter, Mean closed quotient, S.D closed quotient- were independent of sex for adult. Three measurements- Mean pitch, S.D pitch, Mean closed quotient - were independent of age for adult aged twenties to fifties. The Avg. Jitter of twenties appeared to be lower than those of forties and fifties. The S.D closed quotient of twenties appeared to be lower than those of thirties, forties and fifties.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1994

Recently several studies showed a strong and specific association of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and generalized resistance to thyroid hormone(GRTH). The recommandation that all children with ADHD be screened for GRTH is an newer controversial issue in child psychiatric field. Author examined thyroid indices(T3, T4, TSH) and clinical characteristics in the 51 clinical populations with ADHD, developmental delay, and language disorders. The results are that 11 cases were out of the normal range of both T2 and T4 inspite of normal TSH. This finding is suggestive of the finding of GRTH cases. Therefore I suggest that child psychiatrist should pay attention to ADHD symptoms secondary to GRTH and that all children with familial ADHD and developmental delay(including launguage disorder) be screened for thyroid abnormalities.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.118-127
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• 2014

Along with language, socialization is a unique feature of the human being. There is a continuous debate regarding whether the development of socialization is innate, and conducted by the environment in the growing process, or the result of the interaction of both aspects. If socialization is the result of the interaction with the environment or is an acquired developmental process, the following question rises. "Is there a 'critical period' for the development of socialization?" Although there are a huge number of studies seeking for treatment and solutions for developmental delay or deficits of socialization, it is very complicated question to answer. Historical figures such as 'Hugh Blair' of Borgue in England, and 'the wild boy of Aveyron' in France, seem to have innate socialization deficits. Nowadays patients with non-verbal learning disorder, social communication disorder, or autism spectrum disorder seem to have genetic defects. On the other hand, Harry Harlow's monkey experiments, hikikomori of Japan, Romanian orphans and patients with reactive attachment disorder seem to display social deficits due to environmental factors. However, it is not easy to clearly draw a line between innate or acquired factors. Therefore, rather than subdividing the diseases for etiological and pathophysiological approach to heterogenous groups with the common denominator of social deficit, and for the research of pathophysiology and treatment development, the authors suggest a comprehensive concept of "social dysfunction spectrum."

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of treatment of growth disorder Methods We have reviewed clinical studies of growth disorder in children and adolescent through 6 databases until February, 2020. The searching keywords were "short stature OR dwarfism OR growth disorder" AND "acupuncture OR electric acupuncture OR electroacupuncture OR moxibustion OR herb medicine OR cupping OR Korean medicine OR oriental medicine OR chuna OR pharmacopuncture OR qigong OR traditional medicine OR traditional Korean medicine OR Korean medicine". There was no limit to time and language. Results As a result of the initial search, a total of 270 papers from six domestic databases were found. Among these papers, 156 papers were selected after excluding duplicated papers, and 109 of them were further excluded after checking the title and the abstract. Additionally, 28 papers were excluded by reviewing the full text. The author, year, number of patients, treatment, evaluation tools, and results of a total of 19 papers were included in this study and were summarized. 90.5% of the studies have shown that herbal remedies have improved childhood growth. Conclusions Random control studies and large-scale observational studies are needed in future to show high-quality evidence for the treatment of Korean medicine in pediatric growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

This study was conducted to explore the effects of semi-structured $DIRFloortime^{(R)}$ treatment on the enhancement of language comprehension and information processing of children with high-performance autistic spectrum disabilities. We measured the general characteristics of the test subjects, which are level of autism, total intelligence, language comprehension and information processing indicators. The intervention method used was a semi-structured $DIRFloortime^{(R)}$ therapy using board game intervention program after revising and supplementing the expert content validity. A pre/post-test for a group was designed as a similar experiment and the pre/post test was initiated with the t certification at .05 of significance level. After initiating the program, the post test has shown that the language comprehension indicators showed statistically significant levels of difference (p<.001) and the information processing indicator also had a statistically significant effect (p<.001). There was a statistically significant difference (p<.001) in the level of verbal comprehension index after the program implementation, and statistically significant differences in the information processing index (p<.001). The semi-structured $DIRFloortime^{(R)}$ treatment using boardgames for enhancing the language comprehension and information processing indicators of children with high performance autistic spectrum disorder had a significant effect.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.39-51
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• 2023

Objective : This study seeks to unveil the intellectual framework of research surrounding children's occupations by utilizing social network analysis of keywords from studies focused on childhood. Methods : From August 2003 to August 2023, we analyzed 3,364 keywords extracted from 270 research articles in the Korean Citation Index with the keyword "Child and Occupation" using the NetMiner program. Results : Research on children's work has increased quantitatively over the past decade. Keywords exhibiting a high degree of centrality in the realm of child occupation research included Task (0.055), Group therapy (0.040), Working memory (0.037), Intervention (0.033), Performance (0.030), Language (0.026), Ability (0.026), Skill (0.024), and Program (0.023). Notably, the weighted terms in the Word Network included Evaluation-Tool (30), School-Student (15), and Activity-Participation (15). The primary keywords from each topic in topic modeling were Activity (0.295), Disability (0.604), Education (0.356), Skill (0.478), School (0.317), Function (0.462), Disorder (0.324), Language (0.310), Comprehension (0.412), and Training (0.511). Conclusion : This study describes the trends in the domestic field of pediatric occupational research. These efforts provided valuable insights into pediatric occupational therapy in South Korea.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test is a clinically effective measure of the integrity of the central auditory nervous system. The GIN procedure can be applied to a pediatric population above 7 years of age. The present study conducted the GIN test to compare the abilities of auditory temporal resolution among typically developing children, children with speech sound disorder (SSD), and children with cognitive difficulty (CD). Subjects and Methods: Children aged 8 to 11 years-(total n=30) participated in this study. There were 10 children in each of the following three groups: typically developing children, children with SSD, and children with CD. The Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology was conducted as a clinical assessment of the children's articulation and phonology. The Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) was administered as a screening test for general cognitive function. According to the procedure of Musiek, the pre-recorded stimuli of the GIN test were presented at 50 dB SL. The results were scored by the approximated threshold and the overall percent correct score (%). Results: All the typically developing children had normal auditory temporal resolution based on the clinical cutoff criteria of the GIN test. The children with SSD or CD had significantly reduced gap detection performance compared to age-matched typically developing children. The children's intelligence score measured by the K-WISC-III test explained 37% of the variance in the percent-correct score. Conclusions: Children with SSD or CD exhibited poorer ability to resolve rapid temporal acoustic cues over time compared to the age-matched typically developing children. The ability to detect a brief temporal gap embedded in a stimulus may be related to the general cognitive ability or phonological processing.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test is a clinically effective measure of the integrity of the central auditory nervous system. The GIN procedure can be applied to a pediatric population above 7 years of age. The present study conducted the GIN test to compare the abilities of auditory temporal resolution among typically developing children, children with speech sound disorder (SSD), and children with cognitive difficulty (CD). Subjects and Methods: Children aged 8 to 11 years-(total n=30) participated in this study. There were 10 children in each of the following three groups: typically developing children, children with SSD, and children with CD. The Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology was conducted as a clinical assessment of the children's articulation and phonology. The Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) was administered as a screening test for general cognitive function. According to the procedure of Musiek, the pre-recorded stimuli of the GIN test were presented at 50 dB SL. The results were scored by the approximated threshold and the overall percent correct score (%). Results: All the typically developing children had normal auditory temporal resolution based on the clinical cutoff criteria of the GIN test. The children with SSD or CD had significantly reduced gap detection performance compared to age-matched typically developing children. The children's intelligence score measured by the K-WISC-III test explained 37% of the variance in the percent-correct score. Conclusions: Children with SSD or CD exhibited poorer ability to resolve rapid temporal acoustic cues over time compared to the age-matched typically developing children. The ability to detect a brief temporal gap embedded in a stimulus may be related to the general cognitive ability or phonological processing.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 1999

Objective：The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid disorders and associated symptoms in pervasive developmental disorder(PDD) and to examine the correlation between associated symptoms and developmental characteristics in PDD children. Method：The sample consisted of 209 cases of PDD and 143 cases of developmental language disorder(DLD)(control group) who were treated at the Seoul National Mental Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Mar. 1999. The diagnostic work based on DSM-IV criteria was performed by one or two child psychiatrists, while the clinical feature was evaluated by doctors’s notes, occupational/speech therapy reports, and results of social maturity scale(SMS), childhood autism rating scale(CARS), and psycho-educational profile(PEP). Two groups were compared on a wide range of measures including comorbid disorders, associated symptoms, treatment drugs, and PEP. The relation between associated symptom & PEP was investigated in total(106 cases) and in each dignostic group. Sixty-four cases of PDD were divided into three groups by CARS and then compared on associated symptoms. Result：The prevalence of comorbid disorder was 19.6% in PDD, 41.2% in DLD. The rate of manifestation of 13 associated symptoms was 31.47% in PDD, 22.13% in DLD on the average. Associated symptoms significantly high in PDD were preoccupation, obsession, self-mutilation, stereotypy, sleep problems, and odd response. In total patient group, associated symptoms that significantly influenced PEP were preoccupation, self-stimulation, stereotypy, inappropriate affect, sleep problems, and odd response. But, in each diagnostic group, no associated symptom influenced PEP. Associated symptoms significantly different between the 3 groups of CARS were stereotypy, anxiety, and sleep problems. Conclusion：These preliminary results suggest that developmental characteristics may influence associated symptoms in PDD children and a realistic approach considering minute diagnosis by associated symptoms and comorbid disorders is required.