• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2022

In this paper, parameter characteristics such as pH effect, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and competitive adsorption of dyes including malachite green (MG), direct red 81 (DR 81) and thioflavin S (TS), which have different functional groups, being adsorbed onto activated carbon were investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were employed to find the adsorption mechanism. Effectiveness of adsorption treatment of three dyes by activated carbon were confirmed by the Langmuir dimensionless separation factor. The mechanism was found to be a physical adsorption which can be verified through the adsorption heat calculated by Temkin equation. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second order and the rate limiting step was intra-particle diffusion. The positive enthalpy and entropy changes showed an endothermic reaction and increased disorder via adsorption at the S-L interface, respectively. For each dye molecule, negative Gibbs free energy increased with the temperature, which means that the process is spontaneous. In the binary component system, it was found that the same functional groups of the dye could interfere with the mutual adsorption, and different functional groups did not significantly affect the adsorption. In the ternary component system, the adsorption for MG lowered a bit, likely to be disturbed by the other dyes meanwhile DR 81 and TS were to be positively affected by the presence of MG, thus resulting in much higher adsorption.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study is to investigate the removal characteristics of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) by adsorption on red mud and to study the adsorption characteristics of Cd and Pb using red mud activated by acid treatment and calcination. The adsorption of Cd and Pb on red mud was significantly achieved within 1hour and equilibrated after 5 hours. The adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb on red mud increased with increasing pH. The neutralization of red mud by distilled water or acid and the activation of red mud by acid treatment or calcination decreased the adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb on red mud, suggesting that Cd and Pb could be effectively eliminated by adsorption on red mud without any pretreatment or modification. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models were successfully applied to describe the adsorption behavior of Cd and Pb on red mud. The $q_m$ of Langmuir adsorption model and $K_F$ of Freundlich adsorption model were 5.230mg/g and 1.118mg/g for Cd and 22.222mg/g and 7.241mg/g for Pb, respectively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.709-716
• /
• 2021

In this study, an adsorbent prepared by natural drying of iron hydroxide-based sludge collected from settling basin at a mine drainage treatment facility located in Gangneung, Gangwon-do was used to remove fluoride in an artificial fluoride solution and mine drainage, and the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent were investigated. As a result of analyzing the chemical composition, mineralogical properties, and specific surface area of the adsorbent used in the experiment, iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) occupies 79.2 wt.% as the main constituent, and a peak related to calcite (CaCO₃) in the crystal structure analysis was analyzed. It was also identified that an irregular surface and a specific surface area of 216.78 m²·g^-1. In the indoor batch-type experiment, the effect of changes in reaction time, pH, initial fluoride concentration and temperature on the change in adsorption amount was analyzed. The adsorption of fluoride showed an adsorption amount of 3.85 mg·g^-1 16 hours after the start of the reaction, and the increase rate of the adsorption amount gradually decreased. Also, as the pH increased, the amount of fluoride adsorption decreased, and in particular, the amount of fluoride adsorption decreased rapidly around pH 5.5, the point of zero charge at which the surface charge of the adsorbent changes. Meanwhile, the results of the isotherm adsorption experiment were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption models to infer the fluoride adsorption mechanism of the used adsorbent. To understand the thermodynamic properties of the adsorbent using the Van't Hoff equation, thermodynamic constants 𝚫H° and 𝚫G° were calculated using the adsorption amount information obtained by increasing the temperature from 25℃ to 65℃ to determine the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent. Finally, the adsorbent was applied to the mine drainage having a fluoride concentration of about 12.8 mg·L^-1, and the fluoride removal rate was about 50%.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 2017

Friedel's salt is an important product of chemical adsorption between cement hydrate and chloride ions because it contains chlorine in its structure. When cement reacts with water in the presence of chloride ions, the $C_3A$ phase, and $C_4AF$ phase react with chloride to produce Friedel's salt. If chloride ions penetrate into concrete from external environments, many calcium aluminate hydrates, including AFm, can bind chloride ions. It is very important, therefore, to investigate the chloride binding isotherm of $C_3A$ phase, $C_4AF$ phase, and AFm phase to gain a better understanding of chloride binding in cementitious materials. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm can provide us with the fundamental information for the understanding of adsorption process. The experimental results of the isotherm can supply not only the quantitative knowledge of the cement-Friedel's salt system, but also the mechanism of adsorption and the properties of their interactions. The purpose of this study is to explore the time dependant behaviors of chloride ions adsorption with $C_3A$, $C_4AF$ and AFm phases. The chloride adsorption isotherm was depicted with Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity was low in terms of the stoichiometric point of view. However, the chloride adsorption of AFm phase was depicted with Freundlich isotherm and the value was very low. Since the amount of the adsorption was governed by temperature, the affecting parameters of isotherm were expressed as a function of temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.300-309
• /
• 2010

The ability of sodium-exchanged clay particles as an adsorbent for the removal of commercial dyes, Methylene blue (MB) and Malachite green oxalate (MG) from aqueous solutions has been investigated under various experimental conditions. The effect of the experimental parameters, such as pH solution, agitation time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose were examined. Maximum adsorption of dyes, i.e. >90% has been achieved in aqueous solutions using 0.03 g of clay at a pH of 7 and 298 K for both dyes. The adsorption process was a fast and the equilibrium was obtained within the first 5 min. For the adsorption of both MB and MG dyes, the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics provides the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption equilibrium results follow Langmuir and Dubini-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms with high regression coefficients $R^2$ > 0.98. The mean free energies $E_a$ of adsorption from D-R model were 3.779 and 2.564 kj/mol for MB and MG respectively, which corresponds to a physisorption process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2014

The adsorption characteristics of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by the manganese oxide-coated activated carbon (MOAC) were investigated by series of batch experiments. MOAC was prepared by three types of manufacturing methods such as chemical precipitation method (CP), hydrothermal method (HT) and supercritical method (SC). Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models adequately described kinetics and isotherm of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption on the experimented adsorbents. These results indicated that heavy metal ions were chemically adsorbed onto uniform monolayered adsorption sites. The coating of manganese oxide enhanced the adsorption capacities of AC. And adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were significantly affected by the manufacturing method of MOAC. The highest adsorption performance was obtained by using SC, followed by HT and CP, which is caused from high uniformity and amount of manganese oxide coated onto AC induced by high temperature and pressure. These results show that MOAC can be used as an effective adsorbent to remediate heavy metal contaminated environment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2021

Adsorption characteristics of carbol fuchsin (CF) dye by coal-based activated carbon (CAC) were investigated using pH, initial concentration, temperature and contact time as adsorption variables. CF dissociates in water to have a cation, NH₂⁺, which is bonded to the negatively charged surface of the activated carbon in the basic region by electrostatic attraction. Under the optimum condition of pH 11, 96.6% of the initial concentration was adsorbed. Isothermal adsorption behavior was analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Langmuir's equation was the best fit for the experimental results. Therefore, the adsorption mechanism was expected to be adsorbed as a monolayer on the surface of activated carbon with a uniform energy distribution. From the evaluated Langmuir's dimensionless separation coefficients (R_L = 0.503~0.672), it was found that CF can be effectively treated by activated carbon. The adsorption energies determined by Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were E = 15.31~7.12 J/mol and B = 0.223~0.365 kJ/mol, respectively. Therefore, the adsorption process was physical (E < 20 J/mol, B < 8 kJ/mol). The experimental result of adsorption kinetics fit better the pseudo second order model. In the adsorption reaction of CF dye to CAC, the negative free energy change increased as the temperature increased. It was found that the spontaneity also increased with increasing temperature. The positive enthalpy change (40.09 kJ/mol) indicated an endothermic reaction.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.182-189
• /
• 2021

The adsorption of disperse yellow 3 (DY 3) on granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated for isothermal adsorption and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters by experimenting with initial concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH of the dye as adsorption parameters. In the pH change experiment, the adsorption percent of DY 3 on activated carbon was highest in the acidic region, pH 3 due to electrostatic attraction between the surface of the activated carbon with positive charge and the anion (OH^-) of DY 3. The adsorption equilibrium data of DY 3 fit the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation best, and it was found that activated carbon can effectively remove DY 3 from the calculated separation factor (R_L). The heat of adsorption-related constant (B) from the Temkin equation did not exceed 20 J mol^-1, indicating that it is a physical adsorption process. The pseudo second order kinetic model fits well within 10.72% of the error percent in the kinetic experiments. The plots for Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model were divided into two straight lines. The intraparticle diffusion rate was slow because the slope of the stage 2 (intraparticle diffusion) was smaller than that of stage 1 (boundary layer diffusion). Therefore, it was confirmed that the intraparticle diffusion was rate controlling step. The free energy change of the DY 3 adsorption by activated carbon showed negative values at 298 ~ 318 K. As the temperature increased, the spontaneity increased. The enthalpy change of the adsorption reaction of DY 3 by activated carbon was 0.65 kJ mol^-1, which was an endothermic reaction, and the entropy change was 2.14 J mol^-1 K^-1.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.149-149
• /
• 2023

미세플라스틱은 입자크기가 5 mm 이하인 플라스틱으로 정의되며, 수계로 유입된 미세플라스틱은 내분비계 교란물질로 작용하여 생태계에 환경독성을 유발하고 오염물질을 흡착·운반할 수 있는 독성 물질의 매개체로서 미세플라스틱의 위해성에 대한 우려가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 수용액에서 다양한 미세플라스틱의 납(Pb) 흡착특성을 평가하고 미세플라스틱의 비표면적에 따른 흡착 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 플라스틱 종류 중 HDPE (High-density Polyethylene)와 PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)를 각각 세 가지 크기(Group 1: 2.5 mm - 1.0 mm, Group 2: 1.0 mm - 0.3 mm, Group 3: < 0.3 mm)로 제조하여 분류하였으며, 미세플라스틱 입자크기의 비표면적은 BET(Brunauer, Emmett, Teller)분석을 통하여 측정하였다. 담수환경 조성을 위해 pH 7로 조절한 Pb 용액의 농도(0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30 mg/L)별 흡착실험을 수행하였으며 실험결과를 3가지 흡착등온식(Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips 모델)을 사용하여 미세플라스틱에서 Pb 흡착 거동을 나타내었다. BET 분석 측정결과, PVC의 경우 Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1 순으로 PVC의 입자크기가 작을수록 비표면적이 크게 나타났으며, HDPE 비표면적 또한 비슷한 경향을 보였다. HDPE와 PVC에서 Pb의 흡착은 Langmuir 모델(R² > 0.97)과 Freundlich 모델(R² > 0.82)보다 Sips 모델(R² > 0.98)이 흡착 거동을 설명하기에 가장 적합하였다. 최대흡착능(Q_m) 상수는 입자크기가 작아질수록 흡착능이 높아지는 추세를 보였으며, 흡착세기(K_F)와 흡착강도(n^-1)는 각 플라스틱의 Group 3(HDPE K_F = 0.028, PVC K_F = 0.032; HDPE n^-1 = 0.225, PVC n^-1 = 0.547)에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 HDPE와 PVC에서 Pb의 흡착특성은 Sips모델로 설명이 가능했으며, 이에 따라 Pb 흡착과정에 복수의 흡착메커니즘이 작용하고 있음을 유추해볼 수 있었다. 미세플라스틱의 입자크기와 비표면적이 Pb 흡착량에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 미세플라스틱이 중금속을 흡착하여 생물체 내로 전이시킬 수 있는 매개체 역할의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to establish the adsorption-desorption mechanism and the optimum condition of chromatographic operation for separations of heavy rare earth elements (Gd, Tb, Dy) using a p507-containing resin. By employing Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm together with pseudo first and second order kinetics, absorption-desorption reaction mechanism was investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm was applied under assumption that adsorption reaction occurs in form of monolayer, and because the result was identical to the assumption, now we know adsorption of heavy rare earth elements occurs in form of monolayer. Concerning the pseudo first and second order kinetic, the pseudo second order seemed to be more suitable to represent heavy rare earth element adsorption mechanism. By using the extraction chromatography to separate heavy rare earth elements, ${\alpha}^{Tb}_{Gd}=1.24$, and ${\alpha}^{Dy}_{Tb}=1.03$ were confirmed in eluent HCl 0.25 M which indicates almost perfect separations of three elements. Furthermore, as concentrations of eluent became higher, the resolution value decreased and the elution area got shortened.