• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.31-48
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• 2013

South Korea had encouraged farmers to breed bear to increase farmer's income since 1981. Currently farmers breed over thousand number of bears, however but the policy measures for breeding bears is expected to conflict the main stream of bear conservation due to South Korea belong to the member of CITES, which categorizes and manages bears under Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Act. Government needs to establish a special law containg the win-win relief strategy not only for farmers of breeding bears, but international corresponding policy. So, we have reviewed the domestic status and international trends on breeding bears, and suggest the alternative strategies of the policy such as a bear park, a bear village, use of species recovery center, use of a preservation organization. This policy should be accompanied with more detailed fact analysis, management agency, well equipped welfare facility and financial preparation for proper management of breeding bears against changing international trends on wildlife conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2009

In order to determine air temperature difference by canopy layer in the forest, air temperatures were observed at Seolleung Park, Gahngnam-ku, Seoul. from November 9, 2007 to November 8, 2008 by 10 minute interval. The data were analyzed in terms of diurnal variation based on annual and monthly temperature difference. Using calm, less cloudy and no rainy weather data, average air temperature difference between forest and grass was observed as $0.8^{\circ}C$. The maximum air temperature difference was observed at 22:10, 23:20, 23:30 and 23:40 by $2.13^{\circ}C$ and the minimum one observed at 13:00 by $-0.84^{\circ}C$ in diurnal variation. The maximum temperature difference occurred at 19 : 50 on September by $3.67^{\circ}C$, Overall the air temperature in the forest was higher than that of grass at night and lower in midday.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

This study aims at the new design system development of landscape architecture structures, as soundproof wall using reinforced soil block. This structures, that is new soundproof wall system, have to be maintained stability on acting critical wind load, which is combined exist soundproof wall system and soundproof wall system using environmental green stone block. To the harmony of this system, the post block, so-called landscape block or cast block, is manufactured. It's possible to stand of the post bearing system combined with post-pile and post block. Through the comparison with a serious code for the acting wind load on the soundproof wall, the reasonable wind load could be calculated. Also, the mechanical stability on the green stone block was checked by the Lab. tests based on the UBC (Uniformed Building Code). Because the critical height of soundproof wall system using green stone generally was restricted, the new system demands to combination of the exist system and the new system. For the stability analysis of them, the utility program, SAP2000, was used. And, a semi-auto program on the design system of the new soundproof wall using green stone was developed, which can be easily use because of the simplification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate growth characteristics of irrigation period of greenary mats focused on management as a material to apply on rooftop. Using Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum takesimense, Sedum reflexum, Sedum album and Sedum burrito greenary mats were made. The irrigation periods were every 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days after made each greenary mats.1. All treatments on survival ratio of 5 Sedum species were over 96%. Especially, new individuals were emerged from naturally detached leaves. 2. Growth of S. kamtschaticum, S. takesimense, S. reflexum were good on 7 day irrigation treatment. 3. The highest covering ratio of S. burrito was 3 day irrigation treatment, and the hightest of the others were 7 day irrigation treatment. Considerations for species selection, mixture, ratio and management were obtained from this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.67-81
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• 2017

Because of lack of accurate understanding of the mechanism of urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and lack of scientific discussion, it is hard to come up with effective measures to mitigate UHI phenomenon. This study systematically described the UHI and suggested the solutions using green-infrastructure (green-infra). The factors that control UHI are very diverse: radiant heat flux, latent heat flux, storage heat flux, and artificial heat flux, and the air temperature is formed by the combination effect of radiation, conduction and convection. Green-infra strategies can improve thermal environment by reducing radiant heat flux (the albedo effect, the shade effect), increasing latent heat flux (the evapotranspiration effect), and creating a wind path (cooling air flow). As a result of measurement, green-infra could reduce radiant heat flux as $270W/m^2$ due to shadow effect and produce $170W/m^2$ latent heat flux due to evaporation. Finally, green-infra can be applied differently on the macro(urban) scale and micro scale, therefore, we should plan and design green-infra after the target objects of structures are set.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

This study was done to recommend a method for conserving the habitat of Amblyotropis verna grown naturally in campus of the Kyungpook National University at Daegu city. Vegetation characteristics and morphological characteristics of each individual were analyzed for the condition of the population at the growing season from May to June in 2010. Totally 11 vegetation data were collected and analyzed, and one vegetation community including Amblyotropis verna (Amblyotropis verna-Zoysia japonica community) was found. We found that the growing condition was not good with severe stamping and disturbance. The location-determining method by PCoA analysis showed the physical texture in soil was a critical factor determining the spatial distribution of the Amblyotropis verna-Zoysia japonica community. And the analysis of morphological characteristics found that light condition and soil hardness were the main ecological factor determining the size and form of each individual. Finally, this study recommend that minimizing impacts by human stamping and artificial disturbance and reducing the water stress were the best ways for the conservation of Amblyotropis verna habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was conducted in order to provide the necessary basic data, to establish management solutions and to improve biodiversity by calculating similarity index, urbanization index (UI), and disturbed index (DI) to understand current status of naturalized and invasive alien plants in Eulsukdo, Maekdo and Samnak ecological parks in Busan, South Korea. The numbers of naturalized plants identified in these parks were 76 taxa; 20 families, 53 genera, and 76 species. As a result of the similarity index analysis, the most similarity level (83.0%) was obtained at Eulsukdo and Maekdo parks. The numbers of invasive plants identified in the two parks were 11 taxa; Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., Hypochaeris radicata L., Lactuca serriola L., Solidago altissima L., Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom, Paspalum distichum L., and Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. Overall, UI and DI were 28.6% and 66.7%, respectively, indicating that the ecosystem disruption was serious.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

Malaysia possesses about 1.56 million ha of Peat Swamp Forest (PSF). The PSF safeguard enormous biological diversity, while providing crucial benefits for the sustainable development of human communities. Numbers of threatened plant species are associated with the PSF, including the commercially important Gonystylus bancanus timber. To prevent significant losses of biodiversity, it is important to manage the PSF for both biological conservation and sustainable use. Equally important is to restore all degraded PSF in an attempt to ensure the PSF ecosystem is suitable for the vegetation to grow and rehabilitate back to the normal condition. Prior to plan any forest restoration program, there is a need to properly map the degraded PSF in order to estimate the forest conditions and determine the vegetations status. Most of the time this need to be done at a landscape level and requires a technology that can provide accurate, timely and reliable information for the planner to make decision. This paper describes a study using geospatial technology in combination with ground survey to classify the degraded PSF in South East Pahang Peat Swamp Forest (SEPPSF), Malaysia, into different degree of vegetation classes. With map accuracy of about 83%, the technique proved to be useful in delineating the different degree of PSF degradation from which the information can be used to properly plan forest restoration program in the area. The final output which is in the form of map can be used in developing a Restoration Master Plan for the degraded PSF areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.32-42
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• 2004

This study aims at establishing an ecological planning for road construction. which is considered to be a main cause of damage to the natural environment in Korea. This study focuses on the Pyungtak-Eumsung Highway development project. It considers the ecological factors and status of the site and its surrounding area. The study site is a four-way highway with a width of 23.4m and a length of 5.7km that spans from Hyungok-ri, Anseong City, Kyeonggi Province to Jukhyun-ri, Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk Province. The objective of the plan is "the establishment of an eco-road in harmony with nature." The plan is divided into five detailed goals: 1) restoration of river morphology and ecosystem through ecological planning; 2) establishment of wet biotopes; 3) construction of ecological corridors; 4) restoration of damaged forest ecosystems; and 5) ecological restoration of the roadside slopes that are linked with the surrounding forest. A master plan has been developed based on the detailed goals. The master plan involves: 1) establishment of a natural river, wet biotopes, and ecological corridors that facilitate the movement of amphibians, wild fowls, mammalians and fish; 2) development of a planting plan for the visitor center, the tunnel entrance, and soundproof banks; and 3) the presentation of a planting model for restoring roadside slopes that are connected to the surrounding forest. The eco-road plan needs to entail ecological conservation and restoration plans. In addition, a monitoring plan for ecological corridors and habitats should be included in the comprehensive plans, along with the continuous development of environmentally friendly technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop the plant-mat for ecological restoration which was formed as the thin multi-layers of woven nets, soil media, seeds, etc. The experimental site was selected at a slope of 240$m^2$ at the rear of Design College of Sangmyung University and divided into 8 sub-experimental plots (20$m^2$ each) according to mat types. (forest-type and grass-type mats with and without seed attachment, respectively) Also, the existing vegetation plot and the no-treatment plot were included in this experiment for comparison. The experiment construction was conducted on September 3, 2002. Mat covered plots regardless of seed attachment showed nearly no signs of erosion even if rainy season in summer compared to the no-treatment plot. Vegetation monitoring result showed that germination rates were somewhat high in both forest and grass-type mats without seed attachment in the initial germination stage. Although germination rates of seed attached mats were somewhat slower than non-seed attached mats in the germination stage, but over time, it showed a good rooting and shooting environment for germinated tree and grass species because of soil media existence within the mat. This indicates that while non seed-attached mats require follow-up maintenance, seed-attached mats does not require maintenance after rooting and germination.