• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.300-311
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• 2021

Background: So far there is no confidence in the basics of acupoint/meridian phenomena, specifically in spatial and temporal electrical manifestations in the skin. Methods: Using the skin electrodynamic introscopy, the skin areas of 32 × 64 mm² were monitored for spectral electrical impedance landscape with spatial resolution of 1 mm, at 2 kHz and 1 MHz frequencies. The detailed baseline and 2D test-induced 2 kHz-impedance phase dynamics and the 4-parameter time plots of dozens of individual points in the St32-34 regions were examined in a healthy participant and a patient with mild gastritis. Non-thermal stimuli were used: (1) (for the sick subject), microwaves and ultraviolet radiation applied alternately from opposite directions of the meridian; and (2) (for the healthy one) microwaves to St17, and cathodic/anodic stimulation of the outermost St45, alternately. Results: In both cases, the following phenomena have been observed: emergence of in-phase and/or antiphase coherent structures, exceeding the acupoint conditional size of 1 cm; collective movement along the meridian; reversible with a reversed stimulus; counter-directional dynamics of both whole structures and adjacent points; local abnormalities in sensitivity and dynamics of the 1 MHz and 2 kHz parameters indicating existence of different waveguide paths. Conclusion: It is assumed that these findings necessitate reconsideration of some basic methodological issues regarding neurogenic/acupuncture points as spatial and temporal phenomena; this requires development of an appropriate approach for identifying the acuzones patterns. These findings may be used for developing new approaches to personalized/controlled therapy/treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2024

In the context of rapid temperature rise in mid-to-high latitude regions, cold region wetlands have become a hotspot for current wetland carbon cycle research due to their high sensitivity to climate change. Strengthening the monitoring of CO₂ fluxes in wetland ecosystems is of great practical significance for clarifying the carbon balance of wetlands and maintaining the ecological balance of wetland ecosystems in China's high latitude regions. In this study, the carbon flux (NEE, Net ecosystem exchange; GPP, Gross Primary Production; RECO, Ecosystem response) of Jingxin Wetland was monitored by eddy correlation method from August 2021 to March 2024.2022-2023 shows CO₂ sinks, absorbing 349.4 g C·m^-2·yr^-1 annually. The correlation analysis showed that Ta, VPD and PPFD were the main environmental factors affecting CO₂ flux in Jingxin wetland.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate sensitivity of tree seedlings to $SO_2$. Visible injury symptoms and changes of ethylene production were investigated in tree seedlings with the fumigation of $SO_2$ in gas chamber 4 hours a day for six days. The symptoms of visible injury did not appear below 0.5ppm level of $SO_2$ exposure but a change of visible injury with the passage of time appeared at 1.5 and 2.5ppm in all seedlings. With the higher the concentration and/or the longer exposure of $SO_2$ the visible injury symptoms on leaves increased in all seedlings. The sensitivity of seedlings to $SO_2$ was the highest in Liriodendron tulipifera followed by Pinus strobus, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. The amount of ethylene production was more at 1.5 and 2.5ppm of $SO_2$ exposure than at 0.5ppm and the peak time of it came faster at higher levels. The amount of ethylene production was significantly different among tree seedlings. It showed a higher at production of ethylene in Liriodendron tulipifera compared to Ginkgo biloba and the ethylene production of Pinus trees to $SO_2$ were the highest in Pinus strobus followed by Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. In needle of Pinus strobus the ethylene production increased with the increasing rate of visible injury until the injury rate of 40-50% and than decreased with the increasing rate of visible injury since the rate of 50%.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.94-111
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• 2023

In order to establish an effective management strategy for invasive species early detection and regular monitoring are required to assess their introduction or dispersal. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is actively applied to evaluate the fauna including the presence of invasive species as it has high detection sensitivity and can detect multiple species simultaneously. In Korea, the applicability evaluation of metabarcoding is being conducted mainly on fish, and research on other taxa is insufficient. Therefore, this study identified the feasibility of detecting invasive species in Korea using eDNA metabarcoding. In addition, to confirm the possibility of detection by taxa, the detection of target species was evaluated using four universal primers (MiFish, MiMammal, Mibird, Amp16S) designed for fish, mammals, birds, and amphibians. As a result, target species (Trachemys scripta, 3 sites; Cervus nippon, 3 sites; Micropterus salmoides, 7 sites; Rana catesbeiana, 4 sites) were detected in 17 of the total 55 sites. Even in the selection of dense sampling sites within the study area, there was a difference in the detection result by reflecting the ecological characteristics of the target species. A comparison of community structures (species richness, abundance and diversity) based on the presence of invasive species focused on M.salmoides and T.scripta, showed higher diversity at the point where invasive species were detected. Also, 1 to 4 more species were detected and abundance was also up to 1.7 times higher. The results of invasive species detection through metabarcoding and the comparison of community structures indicate that the accumulation of large amounts of monitoring data through eDNA can be efficiently utilized for multidimensional ecosystem evaluation. In addition, it suggested that eDNA can be used as major data for evaluation and prediction, such as tracking biological changes caused by artificial and natural factors and environmental impact assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 2023

This paper explores the recent development of environmental aesthetics and critically examines the main agendas, claims, issues, and implications of everyday aesthetics, which is emerging as an important branch of environmental aesthetics. Environmental aesthetics began in the context of cultural change and environmentalism in the 1960s and expanded in the second half of the 20th century with a solid theoretical foundation. At the beginning of the 21st century, it entered a process of diversification of objects and subjects. Having reached academic maturity, environmental aesthetics has expanded into theoretical territory considering the urban environment and the human environment, providing practical coordinates as a discourse for planning and designing urban environments and landscapes. The most notable achievement of environmental aesthetics since the mid-2000s is the establishment of 'everyday aesthetics'. Yuriko Saito, who is leading the research on everyday aesthetics, expanded the objects and scope of aesthetic theory to everyday objects, events, activities, and environments. She excavates the microscopic and sensory aspects of everyday life, which have been overlooked by conventional art-centered aesthetics, through the lens of aesthetics. She reinterprets various layers of phenomena in contemporary urban landscapes and analyzes how the 'power of the aesthetic' hidden in everyday life profoundly affects the quality of life and the state of the world. Saito examines the appreciation of the distinctive characteristics and ambiance inherent in everyday objects and environments and proposes a 'moral-aesthetic judgment' to alert citizens to the environmental, social, and political consequences of everyday aesthetic appreciation and response. This paper identifies the issues and implications of everyday aesthetics as first, the expansion of aesthetics and the ambiguous everyday, second, the moral-aesthetic judgment and the aesthetics of care, and third, urban regeneration landscapes and aesthetic literacy. In particular, the moral virtues of everyday aesthetics that Saito proposes, such as care, thoughtfulness, sensitivity, and respect, provide a critical reference for the practice of contemporary urban regeneration landscapes. The 'aesthetic literacy' is a key concept demonstrating why an environmental aesthetics perspective is necessary to interpret everyday urban environments and landscapes.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.637-646
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• 2020

The shallow landslide-trigerred debris flow in hillslope catchments is the primary geological phenomenon that drives landscape changes and therefore imposes risks as a natural hazard. In particular, debris flows occurring in urban areas can result to substantial damages to properties and human injuries during the flow and sediment transport process. To alleviate the damages as a result of these debris flow, analytical models for flow and damage prediction are of significant importance. However, the analysis of debris flow model parameters is not yet sufficient, and the analysis of the entrainment, which has a significant influence on the flow process and the damage extent, is still incomplete. In this study, the effects of erosion and erosion process on the flow and the impact area due to the change in the soil parameters are analyzed using Deb2D model, a flow analysis model of debris developed in Korea. The research is conducted for the case of the Mt. Umyeon landslide in 2011. The resulting impacted area, total debris-flow volume, maximum velocity and inundated depth from the Erosion model are compared to the field survey data. Also, the effect of the entrainment changing parameters is analyzed through the erosion shape and depth. The debris flow simulation for the Raemian and Shindong apartment catchment with the consideration of entrainment effect and erosion has been successful. Each parameter sensitivity could be analyzed through sensitivity analysis for the two basins based on the change in parameters, which indicates the necessity of parameter estimation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2015

In analyzing the issues of ecotourism, collecting opinions of local residents and participants is an essential process because ecotourism needs to keep ecological sensitivity and respect local residents' ecological lives. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the local participants' attitude in resident-oriented ecotourism. Maha ecotourism site, as a study site, is located in Pyeongchang-gun, one of the twelve ecotourism sites designated by the Ministry of Environment. This site has drawn attention since the local government of Pyeongchang-gun transferred its management right on Maha ecotourism sit to the organization of local residents in 2013. This study uses Q methodology which is the most popular research method in analyzing people's subjectivity, that is, viewpoint and attitude. This study have found that there are four features in the subjectivities of participants toward ecotourism site: first group is the people who want more autonomous management right of local residents on Maha ecotourism site. Second group is the people who only want to stand by the ecotourism management. Third group is the people who focus on the migration of talented persons into their neighborhood owing to the program. Lastly, fourth group is the people who focus on the quality of the ecotourism program. In case of the second group, though they have negative opinions of the program, they have much interest in successful cases in other countries managed similar programs with Maha ecotourism. It would be effective for the group to have opportunities to experience successful ecotourism cases in other countries. On top of it, having seminars regarding ecotourism or holding community councils frequently would be very helpful for encouraging the second group of people to join in the ecotourism program actively like other groups of people. Supplying more manpower and developing various programs are also necessary in order to support other three groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.233-243
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• 2016

The movie offers a chance to observe the social signifier and the sensitivity of audiences who feel sympathy with the tragic history of crown prince Sado. While watching the movie, the audience halts between ideas whether to go back to "primary ego", or to play the unconscious hypocrisy or the ingrained social behavior which is to resolve the internal conflicts while they face two contrary opinions; one is the obedient subject to obey fatherness, as a symbol of historic value and convention in a society, and the other is the resistant body to break the bond of convention. The audience may feel some ambivalent feelings of the moral values between the paternal authority and the existential philosophical value of 'self'. This study will observe the audience's response of Sado toward the moral norms of the society when they face the signifier of father in the movie with experience the conflict between their resistant ego and madness. Also the study will discuss that the social landscape such as norms, order, and legal system is ever-changing and open to be subverted by the future even though audience hope that the present moral value with which we are content ever-last.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Chemical Accident Response Information System (CARIS) which has been designed for the efficient emergency response of chemical accidents produces the real-time atmospheric fields through the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, RAMS. The previous studies were emphasized that improving an initial input data had more effective results in developing prediction ability of atmospheric model. In a continuous effort to improve an initial input data, we replaced the land-use dataset using in the RAMS, which is a high resolution USGS digital data constructed in April, 1993, with the latest land-use data of the Korea Ministry of Environment over the South Korea and simulated atmospheric fields for developing a real-time prediction in dispersion of chemicals. The results showed that the new land-use data was written in a standard RAMS format and shown the modified surface characteristics and the landscape heterogeneity resulting from land-use change. In the results of sensitivity experiment we got the improved atmospheric fields and assured that it will give more reliable real-time atmospheric fields to all users of CARIS for the dispersion forecast in associated with hazardous chemical releases as well as general air pollutants.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.28-29
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• 2013

We have been measuring $CH_4$ flux in a rice paddy in Gimje using the eddy covariance method since July 2011. In order to measure the fast fluctuations of $CH_4$ concentration, an innovative LI-7700 open-path laser spectrometer is used. This high-precision, low power, light weight, low maintenance sensor enables us to operate it on a continuous and long-term basis. One particular feature, among other things, is the self-cleaning lower mirror which decreases maintenance requirements while ensuring more robust, continuous, high-quality dataset. Its cleaning is initiated at user-specified time intervals or a signal strength threshold, and its status is recorded as a diagnostic index. We have noticed that the operation of LI-7700 at Gimje site is quite challenging particularly due to its frequent mirror cleaning requirement and the associated sensitivity of the instrument. In this presentation, we present some field observation data regarding the mirror cleaning and their analysis, thereby suggesting the pertinent operation options for high-quality, maximum data retrieval in the field.