• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 2006

Making of agreement with participation subjects is important process laying stress on presentation and a reasonable design guide line to form space order grant and synthetic space in Housing Complex plan. This study analyzed residing application specific character of design guide line that is presented to architects in general planning laying stress on plan only of 'Bongmu-dong town house' and design agreement of by architectural result that appear analyze. Result that analyze is as following: 1) Confer in 18 plan contents and integrate design or was adjusted. Being main conduct and unit plan and residing only in plan many negotiations accomplish. Architect who confer most Designs of 5 architects is 'Jean Michel Wilmott' and 'Shigeru Ban' 2) contents that confer much in plan main conduct and unit generation were details plan. Contents that is conferred with many architects are about door/core/rooftop be and asked a question about proper size of entrance. Negotiation about size was expose to the tribe of knowledge about element that do furniture and detail of necessary each space in life style of our country. We must present furnitures or detail element that appear by emotion of our country and detailed item of furnitures' size etc.. in guide line. It is immediate that creation of guide that architects can approach easily for lacking abroad architects of interests by code difference in each country is pressing. 3) In residing plan 4 architects of 5 architects applied similarly guide line in design. Most architects look by active support that make synthetic housing complex. and this is construed that act positively to make by unified residing. That plan of woods or landscape architecture and security of green area space are thing to approach on 'Environment-friendly mode of life residing only' that is general planning subject of 'Bongmu-dong town house'. 4) common question items of architects guide line of though is refered definitely when make out effective interests plan. So that can overcome legislation difference, countermeasure to make understood construction code of our country is pressing

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2010

By philological geography method for dismantling and reconstituting Buyeo's Palkyung(扶餘 八景), which best signify the image of ancient city Buyeo's landscape, this research is to demonstrate the fact that the place's inertia of certain historic sites has been passed down as a type of geographic code. Titled poems and retrospective poems about Buyeo's Palkyung and its spectacles and landscapes reveal the fact that the splendid and glorious cultural heritage of Baekje had faded but its traces have remained in the each eight views including Nakhwa-am(落花巖), Goran-sa(皐蘭寺), and Jayong-dae(釣龍臺). In addtion, the spectacles and historic sites of Buyeo's Palkyung appear as the symbol of Baekje's fall and loss in the poems. Thus, it can be said that Buyeo's culture and civilization have never escaped from the cultural and historical scars of Baekhe's fall, being dominated by the place's inertia originated from the identity as "Baekje'slastcapital". It is ironical that Buyeo's future development and prosperity are not free from its cultural and historical spectacles which bear the image of the fall of Baekje. 'Older Buyeos' Palkyung(扶餘舊八景)' and, Prior Buyeo's Palkyung(夫餘前八景), originate from nine views of an unknown builder and after the construction of pavilions and towers, 'Subuk-jeong eight views(水北亭八景)' by Heungguk Kim(金興國) and the eight poems of the, Retrospect of Buyeo(扶餘懷古八景), were created. 'Buyeo's later Palkyung(扶餘後八景), which are especially free from the site's inertia are known to have expanded the scope of Buyeo's landscape by deliberately demonstrating spectacles and sites different from those of existing views. Nakhwa-am, Goran-sa, Joryong-dae, Songwal-dae(送月臺), Youngwal-dae(迎月臺), and Pyungje-tap(平濟塔) are all located within a one kilometer radius of Banwol-sung(半月城), Buyeo's palace and the Baekma river(白馬江), Daewang-po(大旺浦), Busan(浮山) in a two kilometers radius. Jaon-dae(自溫臺), Subuk-jeong(水北亭), and Gyuam-jin(窺岩津) are located within a three kilometers radius. Even Chunjeong-dae(天政臺), which are located within a four kilometers radius of Banwol-sung are located alongside the Baekma river. This indicates the fact that these spectacles had not been established temporarily or impromptu but for a long period time by historic retrospect and the inertia of landscape's geographic cycle. In conclusion, the geographic phenomenon of historical and cultural inertia appeared because Buyeo had the geographic message of "fallen, ancient city". Therefore, Buyeo's Palkyung which have constant retrospective inertia is clearly an geographic code effective and helpful to understand not only the characteristics of historic sites and spectacles of Buyeo in the Sabi period but also the quality of the site itself.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

The district units planning suggests not only detailed standards of building as parts of the whole plan in the district but also a guideline of the arrangement, shape and pavement of the public open space, in order to move away from the rigid image of an institution which causes the formal creation of it. This triggered various problems. While the basic plan for adjustment of urban environments(established in 2005) was being reorganized in order to reflect changed conditions of the city center, the sector of public open space was subdivided according to the guidelines of development by district. We conducted a comparative analysis of conditions before and after the adjustment, so as to examine whether or not the reorganized institution is effective for the plan of public open spaces. The analysis showed that there was no remarkable change between the basic plan and the reorganized institution in that items which were not any different from the existing building codes were established due to lack of guidelines related to public open space under the law of urban and residential environmental improvement. Low regulations should set up criteria for establishment from a concrete, effective microscopic aspect appropriate to the significance of public open space by the linking of public open space and the surrounding environment, whereas high regulations such as building codes should specify essential components.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.772-781
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• 2020

A direct shear member resists external forces through the shear transfer of reinforcing bars placed at the concrete interface. The current concrete structural design code uses empirical formulas based on the shear friction analogy, which is applied to the horizontal shear of concrete composite beams. However, in the case of a member with a large amount of reinforcing bars, the shear strength obtained through the empirical formula is lower than the measured value. In this paper, the limit state of newly constructed composite beams on an existing concrete girder is defined using stress field theory, and material constitutive laws are applied to gain horizontal shear strength while considering the tension-stiffening and softening effects of concrete struts. A simplified method of calculating the shear strength is proposed, which was validated by comparing it with the related design code provisions. As a result, it was confirmed that the method generally shows a similar tendency to the experimental results when the shear reinforcing bar yields, unlike the regulations of the design code, where differences in the predicted value of shear strength occur according to the shear reinforcement ratio.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to found that the important design reform points for improvement of the public open space quality. For this purpose, surveyed the users of the public open space and the experts working for the public open space planning for the design elements of the public open spaces in terms of importance and satisfaction. The scope of the study was limited to Mapo-gu, Seoul and the buildings constructed since 1992 were sampled. the data collected were subject to Importance-Performance Analysis. As a result, 'waste boxes, vending machines and other amenities', 'characteristic floor and pedestrian environment', 'designs and their layout in harmony with the surrounding and landscape facilities', 'facilities checking and patrol for safety' and 'entire area of the public open space'. Based on the above findings, the following reform measures are put forwards for improvement of the public open space quality; First, the public open spaces should be equipped with sufficient amenities. Second, it is necessary to check the facilities regularly, while enhancing the safety through patrols. Third, it is essential to reflect user's needs in public open space planning, while applying the important design elements to the public facilities. Fourth, in order to create a comfortable pedestrian environment within the public open space, it is deemed necessary to divide the space into the passages for passers-by and the recesses for uses. Fifth, it is necessary to amend the Building Code to the effects that the radio of the landscaped area to the entire area can be readjusted together with the night lighting facilities. Sixth, it is desirable to give the weights to the important design elements for the public open spaces, so that the quality public open spaces can benefit from the incentives. In addition, regular maintenance and management should be ensured by policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.36-48
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to research and analyze the positioning of Mt. Back Hwa(白華山) and the characteristics of its neighboring cultural scenery based on the Two Seated Buddah Temple, a small Buddhist temple of Taeul in Taean and to view both landscape geographic codes and religious attractions over Mt. Back Hwa by discussing its expression and meaning for the scenery scattered or nested over this districts. The panoramic view of west shows the character of Mt. Back Hwa as a magnanimity of Buddhist Goddess of Mercy which is viewed as a view point field no less than its location as a landscape target and its singularity as a rocky mountain. The ancient castle, signal beacon post and the small Buddhist temple of Taeul to be read importantly in the old map and SinjeungDongkukyeojiseungram(新增東國輿地勝覽) form the core of place identity, and a number of carve(engrave) letters such as Eopungdae(御風臺), Youngsadae(永思臺), etc. show the prospect of this mountain and monumentality derived from place characteristics. In addition removing of Taeiljeon, a portrait scroll of Dangun, national ancestor makes possible to guess the national status hold by Mt. Back Hwa in advance and to know that it has symbiotic relationship with indigenous religion and shares with the universal locality which have been continued for a long time through a portrait scroll of Dangun enshrined in Samsunggak. More than anything else, however the Rock-carved Buddha Triad in Taean, Giant Buddha of Baekjae era enshrined in the small Buddhist temple of Taeul is not only why Mt. Back Hwa, magnanimity of Buddhist Goddess of Mercy exists but also a signifier. In spite of such a placity, the union ideas of confucianism, buddhism and doctrinism of buddhism prevailed in the Late Joseon Dynasty allows the cultural phenomenon of taoism to be read in the same weight through Ilsogae(一笑溪) and Gammodae(感慕臺) which are mountain stream and pond area respectively centered in the carve letter, 'Taeeuldongcheon(太乙洞天)' constructed in front of the small Buddhist temple of Taeul, the Baduk board type of rock carvings engraved over them and a number of traces of carve letters made by confucian scholars since the Middle of Joseon Dynasty. The reason such various cultural sceneries are mixed in Mt. Back Hwa is in the results of inheritance of religious places and fusion of sprit of the times, and the various type of cultural scenery elements scattered in Mt. Back Hwa are deemed as unique geographic code to understand the multi-layered placity and the characteristics of scenery of Mt. Back Hwa in Taean.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.66-80
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• 2009

This paper attempts to investigate how the cultural phenomena associated with 'Wuyi-Doga(武夷棹歌)' and 'Wuyi-Gugok (武夷九曲)' was introduced to Joseon. The icon and code of 'Gugok' cultural text which was observed in the process of transmitting the culture through repetition and imitation were examined. With regard to research methodology, an 'analysis and discussion framework' was designed based on the literature review, field survey and the seven textuality criteria proposed by Dressier. Then the textuality of 'Wuyi-Gugok' was analyzed in terms of the dependent relation of text, the relationship between the creator and user, repetition, imitation and the spread process. Since ZhouHee(朱熙)'s 'Wuyi-Doga' and 'Wuyi-Gugok' were introduced to Joseon through literature and paintings, they became a part of the cultural Phenomena with unprecedented popularity. As a result, a great number of imitations can be found. In addition, governors would even take care of political affairs in a scenic mountain valley as described in this literature. Regardless of the writer's intentiot 'Gugok' settled in Joseon as new culture in harmony with Taoism and Sung COnfucianism. In other words, Joseon's Gugok-Wonlim(九曲園林) accepted the nature-appreciation aesthetic consciousness in 'Wuyi-Doga' and 'Wuyi-Gugok' on the basis of Taoism and Sung Confucianism. In terms of the text-based dependent relation only, however, the geographical coherence was somewhat loosened while the Gugok Culture that was dependent on Taoism or elegance in life dominated the internal structure of the textuality. Meantime, the internal factors that dominated the textuality of 'Wdyi-Gugok' were interpreted as 1) 'Aesthetics of Bending, Water Whirls', 2) 'Territoriality Expression Carve letters,' 3) 'Cultural Landscape seeing through the Speculation of Meaning,' 4) 'The Pursuit of Oddness and Presentationism' and 5) 'Transcendental Landscape of Taoism and Topos.'