• Atmosphere
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-185
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• 2006

We have investigated the wind speed variations over the leeward region when the strong wind blows. In this study we employ Envi-met numerical model to simulate the effect of surface boundary conditions. This model is applied for three cases which are characterized by land use and terrain height. The base case having natural geographical condition shows the weakest wind speed around lee side of Chunsudae. The others which remove the vegetation and cut off the terrain above 20 m ASL represent the stronger wind speed than base case. The main factor of this result is the surface friction. The distinct variation of wind is found at offshore area between Chunsudae and the southern part of village, but the northern part where is apart from Chunsudae shows a small variation of wind pattern. The weakening of wind speed around residential area is a maximum of 4~10 m/s when the wind blows in the village as strong as 55 m/s. The gust wind speed is weakened about 7~17 m/s in this case if the coefficient of gust wind adapted as 1.75.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

Estimation of groundwater hydrologic cycle pattern is one of the most critical issues in sustainable management of groundwater resources in coastal area. This study estimated groundwater percolation by using the water balance methodology and hydrogeological characteristics of land use and soil. Evapotranspiration was computed by using the Thornthwaite method, and surface runoff was determined by using the SCS-CN technique. Groundwater storage change was obtained as 229 mm/a (17.8% of the average annual rainfall, 1286 mm/a), with 693 mm/a (60.1%) of evapotranspiration and 124 mm/a (9.6%) of surface runoff. Rainfall and groundwater storage change was highly correlated, comparing with the relationships between rainfall and evapotranspiration, and between rainfall and surface runoff. This result indicates that groundwater storage change responds more sensitively to precipitation than evapotranspiration and surface runoff.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.888-903
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• 2006

This study analyze the change of wind pattern and intensity according to the transform of surface conditions, such as land use and height of terrain, over the leeward region. In order to do this, we have employed 'Envi-met' microscale atmospheric numerical model. When the same wind condition is considered, the wind speed of base case having natural surface condition of Chunsudae shows the weakest strength among different cases such as the 'bare case' and the '20 m case' which the plants is removed and the height of terrain is flatted as 20 m above the sea level over the Chunsudae, respectively. The weakening of wind speed is a maximum of $4{\sim}8 m/s$ when the inflow wind speed is 55 m/s.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.139-143
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• 2012

In Korea, almost 700 industrial parks are under operation. Generally, industrial parks consist of national industrial parks and local industrial parks which are managed by a central government and by local governments respectively. The developing countries such as Korea, China and Vietnam etc. have constructed many industrial parks, which result in the change of land use pattern and also affect future trip demands. Therefore, in estimating traffic demands, it is very important to consider the industrial park development. This study aims to improve the methodology in estimating a freight trip generation rate with the data based on a nationwide commodity freight survey. The result showed that it is desirable to apply freight trip generation rate by the industry sector in estimating freight trip generations and using the production area of firm as an indicator. Specially, the reliability of the rates through a survey could be made sure because a sample rate based on firms in industrial parks was over 25% and the response rate was over 67%. The sample rate and response rate are very superior as compared to surveys conducted in many other countries. Because industrial parks have significant effects on forecasting transportation demand in pre-feasibility studies of transport and logistics projects, it is expected that the accuracy of freight trip demands would be improved through the results of this study.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.205-209
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• 2005

A traditional settlement, in a long history establishment, is appeared to be configured of the people and their life in the areas. This is, a positive aspects, compared to most of the city in these day which is monotonous aspects. The purpose of this research deals what is the formation process and spatial character in urban settlement of Naju city, and how to applicate in a modern city context. For the research goals, it analyse an old Naju Castle area, transformation of the land use through the cadastral survey, and spatial character through step by step in chronical approach. The process of change can be seen in the devide pattern in a lot, formation and extension of a private road, and formation and change of the road; This shows how to changes traditional settlement in a old urban areas of Naju city. A now road system in old area, as a conflict, push the change of the spatial organization, and the balance of the identity of a traditional settlement and a new change as a convenient needs, it is a key point to get ideal settlement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Obstacle limitation surfaces are imaginary space surfaces that must be clear of obstacles for the aircraft to safely take off and land on the aerodrome. These surfaces are closely related to the safety of the VFR aircraft, which require a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit, to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. The Republic of Korea, which has a lot of restrictions on the use of airspace, cannot provide a rich operating environment for VFR aircraft. Under these circumstances, safer operation will not be guaranteed if additional factors that directly or indirectly affect existing VFR routes, such as drone delivery services. This study analyzes and models the track distribution of each VFR section based on radar track data around a specific airport. Through this study, we estimate the three-dimensional space for VFR aircraft and provide the data for future research such as airspace analysis of VFR corridors and correlation with obstacle limitation surfaces.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.96-111
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• 2016

Effort to reduce energy consumptions or CO2 emissions is global trend. To follow this trend, spatial studies related to characteristics affecting energy consumptions or CO2 emissions have been conducted, but only with the focus on spatial dependence, not on spatial heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to investigate spatial heterogeneity patterns of CO2 emission based on socio-economic factors, land-use characteristics and traffic infrastructure of Seoul city. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis was performed with 423 administrative district data in Seoul. The results suggest that population and employment densities, road density and railway length in most districts are found to have positive impact on the CO2 emissions. Residential and green area densities also have the highest positive impact on CO2 emissions in most districts of Gangnam-gu. The resulting model can be used to identify the spatial patterns of CO2 emissions at district level in Seoul. Eventually it can contribute to local energy policy and planning of metropolitan area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.357-366
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• 2006

A traditional image analysis or classification method using satellite imagery is mostly based on the spectral information. However, the spatial information is more important according as the resolution is higher and spatial patterns are more complex. In this study, we attempted to compare and analyze the variogram properties of actual high resolution imageries mainly in the urban area. Through the several experiments, we have understood that the variogram is various according to a sensor type, spatial resolution, a location, a feature type, time, season and so on and shows the information related to a feature size. With simple modeling, we confirmed that the unique variogram types were shown unlike the classical variogram in case of small subsets. Based on the grasped variogram characteristics, we made a level index map for determining urban complexity or land-use classification. These results will become more and more important and be widely applied to the various fields of high-resolution imagery such as KOMPSAT-2 and KOMPSAT-3 which is scheduled to be launched.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.93-103
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the impact of water curtain cultivation in the greenhouse complexes on groundwater's electric conductivity and water temperature. The greenhouse complexes are mainly situated along rivers to secure water resources for water curtain cultivation. We classified the groundwater monitoring well into the greenhouse (riverside) and field cultivation areas (plain) to compare the groundwater impact of water curtain cultivation in the greenhouse complex. The groundwater observation network in Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, located downstream of the Nakdong River, was selected for the study area. As a result of analyzing the electric conductivity and water temperature, the following differences were found in the observed characteristics by region. 1) The electric conductivity and water temperature of the riverside area, where the permeability is high and close to rivers, showed a constant pattern of annual changes due to the influence of river flow and precipitation. 2) The flat land in general agricultural areas showed general characteristics of bedrock observation in the case of water temperature. Still, it seemed more affected by the surrounding well's water use and water quality. The electric conductivity did not show any particular trend and was influenced by the surrounding environment according to the location of each point.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.533-542
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• 2007

The general characteristics of fine particle and meteorological analysis of high $PM_{10}$ concentration day which was over $100{\mu}g/m^3$ in busan were investigated for period of 2002 to 2006. Annual mean concentration including Asian dust day was $68.7{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2002, $54.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2003, $60.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2004, $58.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2005 and $58.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in 2006, respectively. Seasonal mean concentration was $73.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in Springtime, $56.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in Summertime, $55.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in Wintertime and $54.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in Falltime, respectively. Mean concentration for land use was 69.2 $37.0{\mu}g/m^3$ in industrial area, 64.2 $35.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in rural area, 62.6 $34.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in commercial area and 55.3 $33.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in residential area, respectively. Frequency of synoptic pattern for high $PM_{10}$ concentration day was 18 days(16.7%) in I type, 27 days(25.0%) in II type, 10 days(9.3%) in III type, 5 days(4.6%) in IV type, 13 days(12.0%) in V type and 29 days (26.9%) in VI type, respectively. Frequency of long range transport sector for high $PM_{10}$ concentration day was 9 days(8.3%) in I type, 64 days(59.5%) in II type, 34 days(31.5%) in III type, 1 days in IV type, 0 days, respectively.