• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.872-876
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• 2001

Topological changes caused by the alkaline and enzymatic attacks of solution-grown, chain-folded lamellar crystals (SGCs) of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] P(3HB) have been studied in order to investigate the chain-folding structure in P(3HB) crystal regions. NaOH and an extracellular PHB depolymerase purified from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 were used for alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. The measurements were performed on crystals attached to a substrate which is inactive to degradation mediums. Both alkaline and enzymatic attacks lead to a breakup of the lamellar crystals along the crystallographic b-axis during initial erosion. Since hydrolysis preferentially occurs in amorphous regions, this morphological result reflects relatively loosely packed chains in core parts of lamellar crystals. Additionally, it was supported by the ridge formation along the b-axis in the lamellar crystals after thermal treatment at a low temperature because of the thermally sensitive nature of the loosely packed chains in lamellar crystals. However, the alkaline hydrolysis accompanied the chain erosions or scissions in quasi-regular folded lamellar surfaces due to smaller size of alkaline ions in comparison to the enzyme, resulting in the decrease of molecular weight.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1997

Cylinder-like crystals of $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ provide views parallel to the lamellar plane, from which parameters of lamellar stacking can be directly measured. These parameters were measured using different preparation methods. Assuming that molecular packing is the same, data from lamellar plane could supplement those obtained by tilting large, thin plate-like crystals. However, base on data obtained .by electron microscopy and x-ray powder patterns, the plate-like crystal may have another scheme for stacking the lamellar. The projection map (h, 0, 1) from cylinder-like crystals using cryoelectron microscopy suggest the lamellar spacing can be variable.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 1995

The effects of Mo additions on the microstructure and the room temperature deformation behavior of polysynthetically twinned (PST) crystals of TiAl were studied in order to get a basic conception for alloying additions on the two-phase TiAl compounds with the lamellar structure. It was found that the Mo additions in TiAl PST crystals increase both the yield stress and tensile elongation to fracture but the increase in yield stress deppend on the angle $\Phi$at which the lamellar boundaries lie from the loading axis. The large difference in yield stress between specimens deformed parallel($\Phi = 0^\circ$)or perpendicular($\Phi = 90^\circ$) to the loading axis and those deformed in intermediate orientations could be plained by the difference in Mo content between the TiAl and the $$Ti_{3}Al$ phases. It was also found that the Mo-doped specimens with intermediate orientation fail by cracking zigzag across to the lamellar boundaris, which is the same fracture mode as that of binary specimens with intermediate orientations tested in vacuum This suggests that Mo atoms are thought to play a role to reduce the environmental embrittlement of binary PST crystals, resulting in increasing the tensile ductility.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.511-513
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• 2003

Hydroxyl groups were introduced onto the surface of a silicon wafer by O$_2$ plasma treatment. Poly(l-lactide) (1-PLA) was attached onto the surface-modified silicon wafer by the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide using the hydroxyl group as an initiator. Lamellar single crystals of 1-PLA were grown directly on the 1-PLA-attached silicon wafer from a 0.025% solution in acetonitrile at 5$^{\circ}C$. A well-separated, lozenge-shaped, monolayered lamellar single crystal was prepared because the 1-PLA-attached silicon wafer acts as an initial nucleus.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2005

미생물 합성 poly[(R)3-hydroxybutyrate]](P(3HB))의 알칼리 및 효소 분해거동을 단결정과 Langmuir 단분자막을 모델시스템으로 하여 연구하였다. 단결정의 초기효소 및 알칼리 분해거동은 단결정의 장축에 대해 수직방향(b축)으로 분해가 일어났고 용융점 이하의 온도에서 열처리 또한 단결정의 b축을 따라 봉우리 형태의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과는 라멜라 단결정은 b축을 따라 불규칙한 영역을 가지고 있음을 의미하고 효소분해가 불규칙한 영역에서 선호적으로 일어난다고 설명할 수 있다. 한편, P(3HB), 단분자막의 효소 및 알칼리 분해경향은 분해매체와 표면압력에 크게 의존하였다. 알칼리 분해의 경우 낮은 표면압력에서도 분해를 나타내는 반면 효소 분해는 높은 표면 압력 하에서 분해거동을 나타내었다. 이러한 현상은 분자수준의 크기인 알칼리 분해매체는 P(3HB) 단분자막과 좁은 접촉면적(낮은 표면압력)에서도 활성을 보이는 반면 크기가 큰 분해효소는 보다 큰 활성 접촉면적(높은 표면압력)을 필요로 하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1993년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.99-100
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• 1993

Calorimetric (D.S.C) studies were carried out on the nylon 4,6 single crystals grown from 1,4-butanediol solution at various crystallisation temperatures, based on the assessment of the lamellar thickness by small angle x-ray scattering. Samples were annealed mainly ot get rid of residual solvents inside the crystals. The effect of annealing on the crystal perfection is inferred from the measured thermal properties of the crystals. Accordig to the scanning rates less than 80 K/min., D. S C. melting peaks indicate that changes in the internal morphology of nylon 4,6 crystals preapred at different crystallisation temeratures yield a thermodynamic melting temperature. Tm, of 319 $^{\circ}C$, for the infinitely extended crystal thickness (1/ι). The obtained heat of fusion value for the inginite crystal thickness, Ho, was 270 J/g from the plot of measured feat of fusion ($\Delta$Hm) vs. reciprocal crystal thickness (1/ι). based on these values, the fold surface energy, $\delta$e. of 65.4 erg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was obtained from Hoffman-Waeeks equation. The thermodynamic melting temperature and heat of fusion of the infinite crystal thickness for the solution grow nylon 4,6 single crystals are found to be higher than of the reported corresponding solution grown nylon 6,6 single crystals. pbtained crystallinity from D. S. C measurements ranges from 40 to 50 %, which is close to the reported yalue for the nylon 6,6 single ctystals but lower than we expected.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.540-548
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• 2016

sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate-water 라멜라 액정의 비뉴톤 유동곡선을 cone-plate 레오메타를 사용하여 여러 농도와 온도 조건에서 얻었다. 이러한 비뉴톤 유동곡선을 비뉴톤 유동식에 적용하여 유동파라메타를 구하였다. 특별히 주목할 점은 액정시료의 전단속도에 대한 전단응력은 증가와 감소에서 틱소트로피와 다일레턴시 현상을 보여 hysteresis loop를 나타내고 있다는 점이다. sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate-water 라멜라 액정은 작은 전단속도에서는 약한 젤 현상을 보이지만 응력이 한계 응력 이상에서는 비 선형 점탄성 성질을 나타낸다. 전단속도 감소에서 분산계는 전단속도가 증가할 때 측정된 값 보다는 큰 구조변화와 전단응력을 유지하고 있다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.261-261
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• 2010

Photonic band gap (PBG) materials have been of great interest due to their potential applications in science and technology. Their applications can be further extended when PBG becomes tunable against various chemical and electrical stimuli. In recent, it was found that tunable photonic band gap materials can be achieved by incorporating stimuli-responsive smart gels into PBG materials. For example, the characteristic volume phase transition of gels in response to the various external stimuli including temperature, pH, ionic strength, solvent compositions and electric field were recently combined with the unique optical properties of photonic crystals to form unprecedented highly responsive optical components. Since these responsive photonic crystals are capable of reversibly converting chemical or electrical energy into characteristic optical signals, they have been considered as a good platform for label-free chemical or biological detection, actuators or optical switches as well as a model system for investigating gel swelling behavior. Herein, we report block copolymer photonic gels self-assembled from polystyrene-b-poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) block copolymers. In this talk, we are going to demonstrate that selective swelling of lamellar structure can be effectively utilized for fabricating PBG materials with extremely large tunability. Optical properties and their applications will be discussed.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

본 연구는 두 개의 편광판 사이에서 홀로그램과 같은 독특한 외관을 갖는 라멜라 액정상 메이크업 클렌징 제형에 관한 것이다. 라멜라 액정상을 갖는 메이크업 클렌징 제형 연구는 오래전부터 많이 시도되어 왔지만, 탁도 증가 및 점도 상승 등의 문제로 실제 상용화에는 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 계면활성제의 알킬 체인에 의한 액정상의 유동성 증가와 음이온 계면활성제 도입에 따른 정전기적 반발력 증가를 이용하였다. 이를 통해 액정상의 결정화를 억제하여 안정한 액정상 제형을 확보할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 객관적이고 정량적인 클렌징력 평가를 위해 형광물질과 in vivo imaging system (IVIS) 장비를 이용하여 in vitro 클렌징력 평가법을 새롭게 도입하였다. 이렇게 개발된 클렌징력 평가법을 이용하여 라멜라 액정상 메이크업 클렌징 제형의 우수한 메이크업 클렌징력을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 본 연구에서 개발된 라멜라 액정상 메이크업 클렌징 제형을 직교 배열된 두 편광판 사이에 두면 홀로그램과 유사한 특이적인 무늬를 관측할 수 있다. 이러한 현상은 액정상 제형을 통과하는 가시광선과 라멜라 구조 사이의 간섭현상에 의한 것으로 추정된다. 클렌징 제형에서의 라멜라 구조는 소각 X선 산란분석(SAXS)을 이용하여 Bragg spacing ratio가 1 : 2의 정수비로 관찰되는 것을 통해 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 라멜라 액정상 메이크업 클렌징 제형은 우수한 경시 안정성과 클렌징력, 그리고 편광판 사이에서 관찰되는 홀로그램과 유사한 독특한 외관으로 인해 향후 새로운 메이크업 클렌징 제품 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2004

We have studied the lamella-level morphology of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polycarbonate (PC) blends using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Measurements were made as a function of the holding time in the melt. We determined the morphological parameters at the lamellar level by correlation function analysis of the SAXS data. An increased amorphous layer thickness was identified in the blend, indicating that some PC was incorporated into the interlamellar regions of PET during crystallization. The blend also exhibits a larger lamella crystalline thickness (l$\sub$c/) than that of pure PET. A possible reason for the increase in l$\sub$c/ is that the inclusion of the PC molecules in the interlamellar regions causes an increase in the surface free energy of folding. At the early stage of isothermal crystallization, we observed a rapid drop in the value of l$\sub$c/ in the blend; this finding indicates that a relatively large fraction of secondary crystals form during the primary crystallization. In contrast, the value of l$\sub$c/ for the sample that underwent a prolonged holding time increased with time in the secondary crystallization-dominant regime; this observation suggests that the disruption of chain periodicity, which results from transesterification between the two polymers, favors the development of fringed micellar crystals that have larger values of l$\sub$c/ rather than the development of normal chain-folded crystals.