• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2013

본 연구결과 조농비가 다른 사료를 각각 급여한 젖소에서 임신초기의 유방 크기는 HF군이 LF군 보다 2.4배 가량 유의하게 컸으나, 임신중기와 착유기 동안에는 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. Estradiol의 혈중농도는 두 군 모두 사춘기부터 서서히 증가하여 임신기간 동안 사춘기의 2~3.5배가량이 되었으며, 두 군간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 착유기 전 기간에 걸쳐서도 estradiol의 농도는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. Progesterone의 혈중 농도는 사춘기부터 증가하기 시작하여 임신중기까지 두 군 모두 비슷한 농도로 유지되었으며, 시험 전 기간에 걸쳐 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 산유량 4% FCM은 두 군 모두 분만 후 증가하다 LF군은 분만 100일, HF군은 150일을 기점으로 감소하였다. 그러나, 분만 후 50일까지를 제외하고 그 후 전 기간에 걸쳐 양질 조사료 함량이 높은 사료를 급여한 HF군의 젖소에서 산유량이 유의하게 높았으며, 분만 250일 까지도 높은 산유량을 유지하였다. 우유 내 체세포 수는 분만초기를 제외하고 착유기 전 기간 동안 HF군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 유지율은 분만 후 비유 초기에 LF군에서 다소 높게 나타났으나, 그 이후부터는 두 군간 차이가 없었으며, 그밖에 우유 내 단백율, 고형율, MUN 모두 두 군간 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 산유량과 체세포 수 및 유지율을 기초로 계산한 유대에 있어 HF군이 LF군에 비하여 최고 141.5% 증대되었다. 본 연구결과로부터 젖소의 양질 조사료의 함량을 적당 수준으로 증가시킴으로써 유방의 크기나 관련 호르몬의 변화 없이 우유의 생산량을 증대시키고 우유의 질을 높일 수 있을 것으로 평가되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1994

Experiments were performed to determine age-associated changes in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene and Ha-ras cellular oncogene expression in tissues of female rats. In the kidney, ODC mRNA levels did not show age-associated changes, while ODC enzyme activities were decreased with advancing age from 3 to 10 months. These results suggest that post-transcriptional mechanism (s) are involved in the age-dependent decrease in renal ODC enzyme activity. In addition, we found no correlation between testosterone-induced renal ODC expression and DNA methylation pattern. Ha-ras mRNA levels in brain decreased as animals aged from 3 to 6 months, while renal Ha-ras mRNA levels were not influenced by age. Results demonstrate the age-dependent expression of Ha-ras in a tissue-specific manner.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 1998

Microflora in 14 breast-fed(BF) and 15 formula-fed(FF) infants were investigated before (2-3 months after birth) and after weaning (5-7 months birth) to find the floral differences between the two lactation groups and the floral changes after weaning. Bifidolbacteria showed the highest count among the species of microflora in the BF group before and after weaning, but in the FF group, streptococci showed the highest count before weaning and bifidobacteria after weaning. Before weaning , the count of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total acaerobes were significantly higher in the BF group than in the FF. However, the frequencies of clostridia and klesidella , along with the counts of streptococci and eubacteria, were higher in the FF group. After weaning , the only difference was that the total count of aerobic bacteria was higher in the BF group. The counts of streptococci in the BF group and lactobacilli and total anaerobes in the FF group after weaning were significantly higher than before weaning. However, the count of total aerobes in the FF group after weaning was significantly lower than the count before weaning.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.561-573
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• 2000

Knowledge concerning the nutritional requirements and nutritional problems of fanned deer is limited. Nutritional recommendations must be based on data from domestic ruminants and fanned deer. An understanding of the biology and adaptative characteristics of wild deer is essential for sensible application of sheep and cattle nutritional principles. Nutritional requirements of deer are generally separated into five categories: energy, protein, minerals, vitamins and water. Research on deer nutrition has primarily focused on energy, protein and minerals (phosphorus and calcium). Changes in the nutritional requirements that occur with gestation, lactation, breeding and antler growth should be coordinated with seasonal changes in nutrient availability from forage plants. This paper describes aspects of current knowledge of energy, protein, minerals, vitamins and water requirements. Nutritional problems of. fanned deer are described with recommendations for prevention or control. A comparison of production efficiency of deer, lamb, beef cattle and dairy cattle is included.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.583-590
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• 1994

The longitudinal changes in the transitional milk yields of Korean lactating women(14 primiparae, 11 multiparae) have been studied by test-weighing method in the part of Kangwon Province form 7 day to 15 days postpartum. The transitional milk yields at 7, 10, 15 days postpartum were 531$\pm$148,598$\pm$156 and 639$\pm$169g, respectively. The mean milk yield was 589$\pm$162g from 7 to 15 days postpartum. The transitional milk yields between primiparae and multiparae appeared not significantly different but significantly different between mothers of boys and girl(p<0.05). The distribution of individual transitional milk yields were found 550-649g(28.0%), 450-549g(24.0%), 650-749g(13.3%) and 750-849g(13.3%). The transitional milk yields were not affected by mother's age, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational period and infant's weight at birth but affected by maternal height(p<0.05). Maternal weight reduction during the lactation had no correlation with the transitional milk yeilds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1150-1154
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and changes in white blood cells (WBC) of lactating sows. A total of 14 sows ($200{\pm}12kg$ of average body weight [BW]; 2.5 of average parity) were used and moved from gestation room to farrowing room on d 109 of gestation. Sows were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were a diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Sows were fed the treatments for 28 days (weaning) after farrowing. Blood was collected from each sow and 4 randomly selected piglets from each sow before farrowing or on d 3, 7, or 14 of lactation. Sows were fed respective treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 15 to 21 of lactation. Fecal samples were collected daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were performances and WBC changes of sows and litter, nutrient digestibility of sows, and daily diarrhea of litter. Sows fed PKE had greater average daily feed intake (7.38 vs 7.10 kg/d; p<0.05) and lost less BW (-6.85 vs -8.54 kg; p<0.05) and backfat depth (-0.42 vs -0.71 mm; p<0.05) than those fed CON. However, there were no differences on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy and weaning to estrus interval of sows fed either CON or PKE. Piglets from sows fed PKE gained more BW (203 vs 181 g/d; p = 0.08) and had less frequency of diarrhea (6.80 vs 8.56%; p = 0.07) than those from sows fed CON. On the other hand, no difference was found on preweaning mortality of piglets from sows fed either CON or PKE. Sows fed PKE had lower number of WBC (9.57 vs $11.82{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$; p = 0.09) before farrowing than those fed CON, but no difference on d 3 and 7. Similarly, piglets from sows fed PKE had also lower number of WBC (7.86 vs $9.80{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$; p<0.05) on d 14 of lactation than those from sows fed CON, but no difference on d 3 and 7. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to lactation diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and WBC changes of lactating sows.

• 셀메드
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Sharbat Afsantin in Polycystic Ovarian Disease. Methods: An open observational study was carried out in the Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan. Diagnosed cases(n=30) of PCOD were included in the study. Patients with thyroid dysfunction, systemic diseases, on hormonal treatment in last three months, pregnancy and lactation were excluded. Research drug (Sharbat Afsantin) was administered orally in a dose of 25ml twice daily for 15 days/cycle for three consecutive cycles. Outcome measures were, changes in subjective parameters (duration of cycle, duration and amount of flow and weight reduction) and objective parameters {pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score, basal metabolic index (BMI), modified Ferriman Gallwey (mFG) score, acanthosis nigricans scale and pelvic ultrasonography}. Data were analyzed using paired Student 't' test. Results: Changes in duration of cycle, duration and amount of flow were achieved in 83.3%, 50% and 40% patients respectively and weight reduction in 30% patients. Changes in PBAC score and BMI were achieved in 50% and 30% patients respectively and 30% patients showed normal findings on pelvic ultrasonography. Conclusion: Sharbat Afsantin can be used as an alternate remedy in PCOD patients, as it has significant effect to regularize menstruation by reduction in BMI and probably by improving insulin resistance in PCOD. No adverse effect of Sharbat Afsantin was noted during the trial.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2002

Objective : This study was done to observe the effects on the themal changes of Hominis Placenta acupuncture therapy. The objectives are as follows; If there are remarkable local thermal changes between pre- and post- Hominis Placenta acupuncture therapy on D.I.T.I. or not. If there are those, we examine how long its changes are maintained, the adequate interval and clinical applications of therapy. Methods : To study the local thermal changes in therapy, D.I.T.I. was used. Thermal temperatures were measured pre- and post-therapy (1 hour, 1st day, 2nd day, and 7th day). The study group was divided into two groups. One was HP(Hominis Placenta) group(N=20), the other was NS(Normal Saline) group. The Hominis Placenta acupuncture was injected into 4 points (Fengmen(風門: $B_{12}$), Feishu(肺兪: $B_{13}$), Fufen(附分: $B_{41}$), Pohu(魄戶: $B_{42}$)) by 0.05ml. Results : The following results were obtained. 1. PLACENTA HOMINIS is the dried placenta of a healthy woman, used to warm the kidney for impotence, infertility, lack of lactation, and replenish Gi(氣), blood, vital essence for emaciation, hectic fever, night sweating in consumptive diseases. 2. Hominis Placenta acupuncture therapy has effects on invigoration of vital energy (補氣, 益氣), nourishing blood (養血), and tonifying the essence (補精). 3. Hominis Placenta acupuncture therapy is effective at tissue regeneration, antibody formation, increasing immunity, hormone-like effects. So, it is clinically used in osteoporosis and facial nerve paralysis. 4. There was no significant dermatothermal changes at NS group, but HP group had remarkable changes between operated and non-operated area in post-therapy 1hour. But there were not any change on 1, 2, and 7th day.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2007

Objectives : Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is the major component in commercial liquid epoxy resins, which are manufactured by co-reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. This study was performed to show the developmental effects of prenatal and postnatal exposures to BADGE in male rat offspring. Methods : Mated female rats were divided into four groups, each containing 12 rats. The dosing solutions were prepared by thoroughly mixing BADGE in corn oil at the 0, 375, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg/day concentrations. Mated females were dosed once daily by oral gavage on gestation day (GD) 6 - 20 and postnatal day (PND) 0 - 21. Pregnant female dams were observed general symptoms and body weight. Also, male pups were observed the general symptoms, body weight, developmental parameters (e.g. anogenital distance, pina detachment, incisor eruption, nipple retention, eye opening, testis descent), organ pathologic changes and hormone levels of plasma. Results : Pregnant rats treated with BADGE died at a rate of about 70% in the 1500 mg/kg/day group and all rats treated with 3000 mg/kg/day died. Body weight, for male pups treated with doses of 375 mg/kg/day, was significantly lower than in the control group at PND 42, 56, and 63 (p<0.05). Evaluation of body characteristics including; separation of auricle, eruption of incisor, separation of eyelid, nipple retention, descent of testis, and separation of the prepuce in the BADGE treated group showed no difference in comparisons with the control group. AGD and adjusted AGD (mm/kg) for general developmental items in BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated pups tended to be longer than in controls, however, these differences were not statistically significant. Relative weights of adrenal gland, lung (p<0.05), brain, epididymis, prostate, and testis (p<0.01) were heavier than in control in measures at PND 9 weeks. There were no significant changes in comparisons of histological findings of these organs. Loss of spermatids was observed in the seminiferous tubule at PND 9 weeks, but no weight changes were observed. The plasma estrogen levels were similar in the control and treatment groups at PND 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The plasma testosterone levels in the control group tended to increase with age. However, in the BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated male pups it did not tend to increase. Conclusions : These findings suggest that BADGE is a chemical that has developmental effects consistent with it being an endocrine disruptor.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2019

The present study investigated the litter performance of multiparous sows had different feeding frequencies during summer season. A total of 60 crossbred multiparous sows was allotted to one of two treatments based on body weight (BW) according to a completely randomized design. Two different feeding frequencies based on NRC (National Research Council) were applied as conventional feeding (T1; 2 kg per meal at 06:00, 11:00, and 17:00) and night feeding (T2; 1.5 kg per meal at 06:00, 11:00, 17:00, and 2 kg at 22:00). Sows in T2 treatment had lower (p < 0.05) BW changes during lactation. The backfat thickness change of sows was decreased in T2 treatment during lactation (p < 0.05). The daily feed intake differed significantly between T1 and T2 with increased feed intake of the T2 group at 5.47 kg/d to 5.14 kg/d in the T1 group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in total weight of weaned piglets between T1 (70.50 kg) and T2 (74.34 kg). A greater total litter weight gain was observed in sows in T2 treatment. Night feeding is suggested for lactating sows with significant beneficial effects on litter growth during summer season.