• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield by sowing times and spacing using machine seeder on Coix Lachryma-jobi L. var ma-yuen $S_{TAPF}$. Adlay was seeded at four different dates (April 20, May 5, May 20 and June 5). Planting spaces were controlled by the seed roller of tractor drill seeder attached to tractor at three spacing ($60{\times}15cm,\;70{\times}15cm\;and\;80{\times}15cm$). The results were summarized as follows. Required days to emergence and days to anthesis were shortened as sowing date was late. But days to maturity were prolonged when sowing date was late. The accumulated temperature increased such as required periods increased. In growth characteristics, culm length was significantly different at different sowing times. But all growth characteristics was not affected by different spacings. In yield components, 1,000 grain weight and ripening rate were significantly different at different sowing times, also the number of tillers and branches was significantly affected at different spacings. Grain yield/ha was significantly different at different sowing times. But it was not significantly different at different spacings. Thus, in order to improve the yield of adlay using drill seeder, if it is not frost, sowing should be done as early as possible. As a result, suitable sowing time was April 20 with spacing at $60{\times}15cm$ using machine seeder in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to evaluate on agronomic traits of Korean local adlay (Coix lachryma L.) germplasm, 281 cultivars (lines). The largest collected cultivars was from Kyungsangbukdo (56 cultivars), and the next was in the order of Cheonlabukdo (48 cultivars), Kyungsangnamdo (44 cultivars), Kyunggido (39 cultivars) Chungcheongnamdo (23 cultivars), Kangwondo (23 cultivars), Cheonlanamdo (17 cultivars), and Chungcheongbukdo (16 cultivars) in distribution of collected region for 281 cultivars. In the growth stages, days to emergence from seeding were required $16.4{\pm}2.03$ days, days to heading from emergence was required $73.6{\pm}5.87$ days, days to ripening from heading was required $52.3{\pm}4.91$ days and cultivation period was required $142.5{\pm}5.87$ days. Culm length was $210.3{\pm}16.39$ cm, no. of tiller per plant was $10.4{\pm}2.13$, culm diameter was $11.7{\pm}1.09$ mm, fruiting position was $4.6{\pm}0.82$ node, no. of main culm node was $11.1{\pm}0.78$, degree of lodging was $5.3{\pm}3.42$ and severity of leaf blight was $56.1{\pm}0.78$ in the growth characteristics of the germplasm. In the yield of component, no. of grains per $m^2$ was $5,938{\pm}2,152$, percentage of ripening was $67.7{\pm}33.12$, 1,000 grains weight was $123.8{\pm}33.76$ g and grain weight was $473.0{\pm}207.90$ g. Grain weight was correlates significantly positively with no. of main culm node, percentage of ripening and no. of grains per $m^2$ among agronomic traits. Correlation coefficient between grain weight and 1,000 grain weight was positive, while grain weight and severity of leaf blight was significantly negative. Correlation coefficient between grain weight and days to ripening from heading was significant negatively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.519-522
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• 2004

'Sanggang' was a new adlay cultivar which was developed from the three way crosses of $(Hukuhane\;{\times}\;Suwon-6)\;{\times}$ Suwon-6 at the Northern Agricultural Research Station, Gyunggido ARES. This cultivar had green sheaf, dark-green leaf, green culm, milky white silk and darkbrown seedcoat. Sanggang shortened 10 days of heading date and 12 days of ripening time compared with Yulmoo 1. In the yield's conponent of Sanggang, the number of grains was by 56 grains less but ripening rate and 1,000 grain weight were higher by 6.5% and 20.1 g compared with Yulmoo 1, respectively. This cultivar showed moderate resistance to leaf blight. The yield of Sanggang was about 313 kg/10a of unpolished grain at ordinary cultivation. This cutivar showed about 17% and 27% higher yield in Yonchon Gyeonggi province and Cheongju Chungbuk province compared with the check variety respectively. This cultivar was adaptable to mono cropping in central and northern region of Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 1986

In order to find out the optimum seeding date of Job's tears, this study was investigated ecological characters, yield components and yield of Jang Seong native variety at 6 seeding dates (March 20, March 30, April 10, April 20, April 30 and May 10). Emergence period and heading period were shortened as the seeding date was late, and the number of leaves on the main stem was increased as the seeding date was early. Maturing period was 63-66 days when we seeded in March 20, March 30, April 10 and April 20, and it was delayed 68-77 days when we seeded on April 3$^{\circ}$ and May 10. Culm length was longest in April 10 seeding (it was 186.6 cm), and it grew short in the early and the late seeding, but there was no significant difference among seeding dates. Stem diameter was thickest in April 10, and April 20 seeding, that is, thickened to 10.1 mm, and it was thin in the early and the late seeding. Productive tiller number per hill was increased most in April 10 and April 20 seeding, that is, increased to 6.2, and it was decreased in the early and the late seeding. 100 grain weight was heaviest in April 10 seeding; it was 10.7 g, and it was light in the early and the late seeding. Ripeness rate was highest in April 10 seeding (87.4%), and it was lowest in May 10 seeding (76.3%). Grain yield was highest in April 10 seeding (602.8kg per l0a); therefore this period is regarded as optimum seeding date. C. protein, C. fat, C. fiber and C. starch showed significant difference among seeding dates, and C. protein showed possitive correlation (r =0.9811 **) and C. fiber Negative collelation (r =-0.8937*) with seeding dates.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.291-296
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• 1997

Diseased leaves of Job's tears were collected at six locations in Korea to isolate and identify the pathogen causing leaf blight. Conidia were brown, fusoid, and slightly curved. They were $25{\sim}46{\times}10{\sim}15\;{\mu}m$ in size, and had mostly 4 septa which were characteristic of pseudosepta. A few conidia had slightly protruding hila, whereas most had no hilum. Conidial germ tubes were produced mostly from both polar end cells (bipolar), and progressed in semiaxial direction. When seedlings of Job's tears were inoculated with conidia, long, spindle-shaped, and brown lesions were produced on leaves, and entire leaves became blighted 15 days later. Based on the aggressiveness in pathogenicity, the isolates could be divided into two groups. Considering the mycological characteristics and pathogenicity of the fungus, the pathogen causing leaf blight of Job's tears was determined to be Bipolaris coicis (Nisikado) Shoemaker.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the masting temperature on the phycochemical properties of the roasted Job's tears. Raw seeds were roasted for 20 min at 150, 170, 190, 210 or $230^{\circ}C$, were milled and extracted with hot water. The L and a values of the powder were sharply decreased or increased at the masting temperature of above $190^{\circ}C$, respectively. The b value was maximum at $190^{\circ}C$. Water absorption capacity of the powder and browning index of the extract were proportionally increasing with increasing the masting temperature. The pH of the extracts was decreased at the masting temperature of above $190^{\circ}C$. Total sugar content of the extract tended to be decreased until $170^{\circ}C$ and then be increased from $190^{\circ}C$. Content of phenolic compound of the extract was increased at the masting temperature of above $210^{\circ}C$. At the sensory evaluation of the extract, aroma and taste of samples masted at $170^{\circ}C$ and above $190^{\circ}C$, respectively were higher than those masted at the others. Overall acceptability of the extract was highest at $190^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.681-686
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to measure total phenolic compounds as a measure of antioxidant activity as well as ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities as a measure of anti-diabetic efficacy in methanol extracts from 23 kinds of medicinal plants. Extracts of three medicinal plant species showing high total polyphenol contents were selected (Euonymus alatus stem, Taxus cuspidata fruit, and Eucommia ulmoides leaf). Extracts of six medicinal plant species showing over 60% DPPH radical scavenging activity were also selected [Eucommia ulmoides barks (80.10%), Lycium chinense roots (64.25%), Euonymus alatus stem (73.59%), Lespedeza cuneata (78.20%), Taxus cuspidata fruits (70.52%), and Tilia taquetii leaf and stem (67.81%)]. Regarding ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities acarbose showing approximately 80% inhibitory activity was selected as a control group, and six species (Eucommia ulmoides heartwood, Eucommia ulmoides bark, Euonymus alatus stem, Dioscorea batatas, Coix lachryma-jobi, and Phaseolus radiatus) showed greater than 80% ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Extracts of nine medicinal plant. species showing over 80% ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity (Pueraria thunbergiana root, Eucommia ulmoides bark, Eucommia ulmoides leaf, Lycium chinense fruits, Euonymus alatus leaf and stem, Euonymus alatus stem, Sasa borealis whole, Dioscorea batatas leaf and stem, and Tilia taquetii leaf and stem). Based on these results, medicinal plants showing high antioxidant and antidiabetic activities can be used as fundamental products in developing new medicines, as well as functional foods to prevent adult disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.640-645
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• 1995

Job's-tears(Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf) seeds were processed to flakes by soaking, heat treatment, intermediate-moisture drying, flaking, drying, and cooking. Some functional properties of job's-tears flakes subjected to varing degree of heating were characterized by specific volume, texture, water absorption index(WAI), water solubility index(WSI), and viscosity. As degree of gelitinization increased within the intermediate range of $60{\sim}70%$, steam-cooked Job's-tears demonstrated appropriate rheological properties for further processes, resulting in increased specific volume and decreased breaking strength. However, excessive heat treatment rendered Job's-tears undesirably sticky for flaking, which caused adverse effects on the functional properties of flakes such as specific volume and breaking strength. Increasing steaming time$(5{\sim}30\;min)$ caused an increase in WAI and WSI values. Apparent viscosity of powdered flakes was increased with the extent of gelitinization as a function of heat processing. Viscosity of powdered flakes determined using the amylograph increased with the degree of heating applied to Job's-tears at low pasting temperatures, accompanied by a decrease in maximum viscosity as the pasting temperature increased.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2013

Objective : Allergic rhinitis(AR) is an inflammation or irritaion of nasal mucosa. Usually, serum cytokine is regarded as one of the most important factors in AR. Coisis semen have been used for the diseases in digestive organs in traditional chinese medicine. Nowaday, there were some studies reported about the effects of coisis semens on serum cytokine. However the results of theses studies were varies, and moreover there was no study which have used AR animal model. Therefore this study is aimed to determine therapeutic effects of coisis semen extract by observing changes of serum cytokine(IgE, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-13) with AR animal model. Methods : Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into six groups : Normal group, Control group, sample I, sample II, sample III, sample IV. Except for Normal group, all the mice in other 5 groups were sensitized intraperionealy by 0.1% ovalbumin solution three times at intervals of one week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1% ovalbumin solution three times at intervals of two days. Normal group were used Normal Saline instead of ovalbumin solution. After the first day of study, sample I, sample II, sample III, and sample IV were orally administrated coisis semen extract by 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 500mg/kg, and 1g/kg respectively for 28days. Then, the changes of serum IgE, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-13 were observed in 6 groups. We used the statistical methods of ANOVA, post hoc by duncun, and Kruskal-Wallis test(p<0.05) Results : There were statistical changes in IgE and TNF-${\alpha}$. But, there were no statistical changes in IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-13 and IFN-${\gamma}$. Conclusions : According to above results, it is supposed that coisis semen extract has not some significant effects on cytokine of AR animal model. There was no evidence for using coisis semen in relieving symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.340-346
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization in job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) on the growth characteristics, grain yield, nitrogen accumulation, and chemical property of soil after harvest. Heading and budding stages were shorter than control but growth periods was increased because of the increase of ripening periods according to the increase of nitrogen fertilizer applications. Number of main culm node and culm diameter was similar but culm length and tiller number per plant were better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications than control but the decrease of grain yield was attributed to the fact that damage by corn borer was 30% in $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment. Some of yield components was better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications but grain number per plant of $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment was greater. So grain yield was the highest ($3,410kg\;ha^{-1}$) at the $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased according to the increase of nitrogen fertilization. Total nitrogen of soil after experiment in 0, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was lower and in 160, $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was higher than that before the experiment.