• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제32권4C호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2012

최근 도심지에서 터널이 인접하여 시공하는 사례가 흔해지면서 특수하게 신설터널과 기존터널이 교차되는 터널들에 관한 설계 및 시공에 관한 연구들이 속속들이 발표되고 있다. 터널이 상호 교차되어 시공될 경우 기존터널에 영향을 미치는 주요인자로는 터널 간 이격거리, 상대적인 위치 관계, 신설터널의 크기, 신설터널의 시공방법 지형 및 지질조건, 기존터널 라이닝 구조와 건전도 등이 영향을 미친다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실내모형 실험을 통하여 신설터널 굴착에 따른 기존터널의 종방향 침하 경향 분석 및 신설터널의 상 하 위치변동에 따른 기존터널의 종방향 침하 경향 비교 분석하였다. 또한, 교차부에서 신설터널 굴착에 따른 기존터널의 변위 분포에 관한 경향 분석 및 기존터널의 변형률 분포 경향을 분석하였다. 연구결과 신설터널이 기존터널 하부를 통과하는 경우 터널직경의 기준으로 좌우측 각각 1D 이내의 보강영역이 필요한 것으로 분석되었고, 신설터널과 기존터널의 교차부에서는 신설터널의 굴착 영향이 기존터널에 먼저 미치는 영역부터 보강을 실시하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.551-561
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 토양오염의 공간적 확산 및 거동을 이해하기 위한 측정방법을 고찰하고, 토양공극수 채취와 해석에 관한 사례연구이다. 이를 위해서 석유계 탄화수소로 오염된 대표적인 국내 유류오염부지 토양내 PAH류(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)의 오염 확산과 거동을 정량하기 위한 심도별 토양공극수의 추출장치를 구성하고, 불포화층과 포화층의 토양수를 분석하여 오염물질의 거동을 해석하였다. 토양공극수 추출장치는 공극수 추출용 압력펌프와 토양공극수 추출부로 구성되고, 토양수분장력과 추출압력을 동시에 측정하며 심도별로 토양공극수를 채취하도록 구성하였다. PAH류 오염물질은 추출압력과 시간에 따른 주변 토양공극수의 유입에 의한 희석에 의해서 농도가 낮아졌다. 특히, 추출 심도에 따라 토양의 산화환원전위의 영향에 의해 불포화층의 산화환경에서 포화층의 환원환경보다 자연저감정도가 높았다. 따라서 토양수분장력의 세기에 따라 강한 토양수분장력의 모세관수와 약한 장력의 중력수에 해당하는 토양공극수를 추출함으로써 토양공극수의 평형과 비평형정도를 해석할 수 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.553-555
• /
• 2013

2006년 10월29일에 출범한 게임물등급위원회는 현재 7년째 맞이하며 올 11월25일을 깃점으로 역사속으로 사라진다. 과거 게임물 등급 분류의 민간이양을 목표로 임시적인 성격의 '게임위'는 2006년 8월 바다이야기 사태로 인하여 민간이양과 더 멀어질 수 밖에 없는 당위성을 갖게 되었습니다. 그 결과 영등위로 부터의 체계적인 업무인수 인계 보다는 게임물 심의의 빠른 정상화에 만 급급하다 보니 체계적이고 과학적인 등급분류 체계를 적절히 마련하지 못하고 말았다. 이는 설립 초기부터 전문성을 강조했음에도 불구하고 전혀 전문적이지 못한 외연을 보여 주었다. 특히 등급분류의 비일관적인 결과와 전혀 예측하기 어려운 심의 판정으로 필요외의 거래비용이 증가하는 결과를 초래하게 되었다. 그러나 이러한 문제도 명확한 국제표준을 따르고 과학적 심의체계가 마련된다면 얼마든지 극복해 나갈 수 있는 것이다. 그래서 국제 게임물 표준인 GLI(Gaming Laboratory Institute) 표준을 따르는 BMM Korea의 기술적 가능성은 그 동안 게임위의 존립에 치명적인 영향을 미친 걸림돌을 제거하고 그 동안 아케이드게임물에 대한 불명확했던 게임심의를 바로 세움으로서 사회적 거래 비용을 줄이고 비사행적인 건강한 게임물을 보호할 수 있는 단초를 제공 할 것으로 기대한다. 이제는 새로 출범하는 게임물관리위원회부터 일반적인 건강한 게임물과 사행성 게임물을 국제 기준으로 구분하여 최소한의 규제를 통한 게임산업의 진흥에 힘을 모아야 할 때인 것이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.497-514
• /
• 2017

This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of emission inventory choices on the simulated particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the domestic/foreign contributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) with an air quality forecasting system. The forecasting system is composed of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)-Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ). Different domestic and foreign emission inventories were selectively adopted to set up four sets of emissions inputs for air quality simulations in this study. All modeling cases showed that model performance statistics satisfied the criteria levels (correlation coefficient >0.7, fractional error <50%) suggested by previous studies. Notwithstanding the apparently good model performance of total PM concentrations by all emission cases, annual average concentrations of simulated total PM concentrations varied up to $20{\mu}g/m^3$ (160%) depending on the combination of emission inventories. In detail, the difference in simulated annual average concentrations of the primary PM coarse (PMC) was up to $25.2{\mu}g/m^3$ (6.5 times) compared with other cases. Furthermore, model performance analyses on PM species showed that the difference in the simulated primary PMC led to gross model overestimation in general, which indicates that the primary PMC emissions need to be improved. The contribution analysis using model direct outputs indicated that the domestic contributions to the annual average PM concentrations in the SMA vary from 44% to 67%. To account for the uncertainty of the simulated concentration, the contribution correction factor method proposed by Bae et al. (2017) was applied, which resulted in converged contributions(from 48% to 57%). We believe this study shows that it is necessary to improve the simulated concentrations of PM components in order to enhance the accuracy of the forecasting model. It is deemed that these improvements will provide more accurate contribution results.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2017

An experiment was set to assess the effect of mixed plantings on initial growth and biomass yield of two common plantation tree species of Bangladesh namely Acacia auriculiformis (A) and Gmelina arborea (G). Study was carried out in the nursery bed of the Seed Research Laboratory and Nursery of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University (IFESCU), Bangladesh during February to November, 2015. The treatments consisted of two pure planting plots (100% A and 100% G) and five mixed planting plots (50%A: 50%G, 35%A: 65%G, 25%A: 75%G, 65%A: 35%G and 75%A: 25%G) of these two species. In nursery, seedlings were raised in a randomized blocks with four replicates of seven treatment plots. Periodic increments on height (cm), collar diameter (cm) and leaf/phyllode number of the seedlings was taken in every month and continued up to 10 months. The growth and biomass yield of seedlings were measured 10 months after the first seed was emerged. The effects of mixed plantation on growth and biomass were compared to that of seedlings grown in pure plantation. At the age of 10 months it was found that G. arborea seedlings were significantly tallest (240.13 cm) when planted with A. auriculiformis in a proportion of 25%A: 75%G, whereas A. auriculiformis were tallest in the pure 100% A plot, with an average mean height of 135.36 cm. Maximum collar diameter (1.38 cm) was recorded for G. arborea in the mixed plots 75%A: 25%G. Fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of the seedlings were found significantly (p<0.05) highest in 50%A: 50%G plot for G. arborea. G. arborea also showed highest quality index when mixed with A. auriculiformis in a proportion of 50:50, with an average value of 8.96. The results revealed a positive correlation between seedling growth and various planting patterns.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.495-524
• /
• 2014

To investigate the soil-pile interactive performance under lateral loads, a set of laboratory model tests was conducted on remoulded test bed of soft clay and medium dense sand. Then, a simplified boundary element analysis had been carried out assuming floating pile. In case of soft clay, it has been observed that lateral loads on piles can initiate the formation of a gap, soil heave and the tension crack in the vicinity of the soil surface and the interface, whereas in medium dense sand, a semi-elliptical depression zone can develop. Comparison of test and boundary element results indicates the accuracy of the solution developed. However, in the boundary element analysis, the possible shear stresses likely to be developed at the interface are ignored in order to simplify the existing complex equations. Moreover, it is unable to capture the influence of base restraint in case of a socketed pile. To bridge up this gap and to study the influence of the initial stress state and interface parameters, a field based case-study of laterally-loaded pile in layered soil with socketed tip is explored and modelled using the finite element method. The results of the model have been verified against known field measurements from a case-study. Parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure and the interface strength reduction factor on the results of the model.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.1111-1120
• /
• 1998

Spray Drying Absorber(SDA) system, where the combustion product gas is mixed with atomized limestone-slurry droplets and then the chemical reaction of $SO_2$ with alkaline components of the liquid droplets forms sulfates, has been widely used to eliminate $SO_2$ gas from coal fired power plants and waste incinerators. Liquid atomization is necessary because it can maximize the reaction efficiency by increasing the total surface area and dispersion angle of the alkaline components. First, numerical calculations using FLUENT are carried out to investigate $SO_2$ concentration distribution and thus to calculate $SO_2$ removal efficiency. So to attain the optimized spray conditions, then an electrostatic spraying system is set up and spray visualization is performed to show the effect of an electric field on overall droplet size. Next, the effect of an electric field on the concentrations of $SO_2$ is experimentally examined. Field strength is varied from -10 kV to 10 kV and configurations of conduction charging and induction charging are utilized. Consequently, the electrostatic removal efficiency of 501 increases about 30% with the applied voltage of ${\pm}10kV$ but is independent of polarity of the applied voltage. It Is also found that the conduction charging configuration results in higher efficiency of $SO_2$ removal that the induction charging configuration. Finally, the effect of slurry temperature on $SO_2$ removal is studied. The temperature influences on the electrostatic removal efficiency of $SO_2$.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 파랑이 존재할 때 모래결위에서의 흐름과 부유사의 거동에 관하여 기술한다. 새로운 수치모형시스템을 구축하였으며 이를 규칙파랑을 이용한 기존 실험실 실험조건과 가상적불규칙파랑조건에 적용하였다. 흐름장 계산은 SMAC 방법에 근거한 프로그램 SOLA를 Kim 등(1994)이 일부 수정하여 제시한 프로그램을 사용하였다. 흐름계산 부모형은 x-z 면에서의 연속방정식과 Reynolds의 운동방정식을 기본방정식으로 한다. 흐름부모형으로 파랑궤적도, 전단응력, 압력의 분포를 계산하였다. 모형실험결과 중 수직방향궤적도는 관측자료와 잘 일치하였다. 퇴적물이동 부모형은 부유사의 이류확산을 나타내는 식을 기본방정식으로 한다. 수치기법은 분리기법을 이용하며, 모래결 표면으로부터 퇴적물이 연행되어 유체내로 투입된다. 규칙파랑 실험조건에 수치모형을 적용한 결과, 부유사농도의 연직분포가 Deltaflume의 실험자료와 유사하게 재현되었다. 가상적인 불규칙 파랑조건에 모형을 적용한 결과 부유사농도의 높게, 부유사확산 범위가 더 넓게 예측되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권10호
• /
• pp.4217-4224
• /
• 2014

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a slow growing but highly metastatic tumor, is highly prevalent in Northeast Thailand. Specific tests that predict prognosis of CCA remain elusive. The present study was designed to investigate whether peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) transcriptional profiles might be of use as a prognostic test in CCA patients. Gene expression profiles of PBLs from 9 CCA and 8 healthy subjects were conducted using the Affymetrix HG_U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip. We indentified informative PBLs gene expression profiles that could reliably distinguish CCA patients from healthy subjects. Of these CCA specific genes, 117 genes were up regulated and 60 were down regulated. The molecular and cellular functions predicted for these CCA specific genes according to the Gene Ontology database indicated differential PBL expression of host immune response and tumor progression genes (EREG, TGF ${\beta}1$, CXCL2, CXCL3, IL-8, and VEGFA). The expression levels of 9 differentially expressed genes were verified in 36 CCA vs 20 healthy subjects. A set of three tumor invasion related genes (PLAU, CTSL and SERPINB2) computed as "prognostic index" was found to be an independent and statistically significant predictor for CCA patient survival. The present study shows that CCA PBLs may serve as disease predictive clinically accessible surrogates for indentifying expressed genes reflective of CCA disease severity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2000

This paper proposes a simple numerical model for use in a finite analysis (FEA) of scaffold-shoring systems. The structural model consists of a single set of multiple-story scaffolds with constraints in the out-of-plane direction at every connection joint between stories. Although this model has only two dimensions (termed the 2-D model), it is derived from the analysis of a complete scaffold-shoring system and represents the structural behavior of a complete three-dimensional system. Experimental testing of scaffolds up to three stories in height conducted in the laboratory, along with an outdoor test of a five-story scaffold system, were used to validate the 2-D model. Both failure modes and critical loads were compared. In the comparison of failure modes, the computational results agree very well with the test results. However, in the comparison of critical loads, computational results were consistently somewhat greater than test results. The decreasing trends of critical loads with number of stories in both the test and simulation results were similar. After investigations to explain the differences between the computationally and experimentally determined critical loads, it was recommended that the 2-D model be used as the numerical model in subsequent analysis. In addition, the computational critical loads were calibrated and revised in accordance with the experimental critical loads, and the revised critical loads were then used as load-carrying capacities for scaffold-shoring systems for any number of stories. Finally, a simple procedure is suggested for determining load-carrying capacities of scaffold-shoring systems of heights other than those considered in this study.