• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.102-114
• /
• 2022

Global climate change can be solved only through international cooperation. Climate change can be caused by natural and anthropogenic causes. An important policy responding on the climate change is to reduce the emission of climate change-affecting substances caused by anthropogenic causes. This research was conducted to suggest the direction of Korea's LULUCF(Land Use-Land Use Change and Forestry) policy by comparing Germany's LULUCF policy, which is considered as a good case for establishing the EU's greenhouse gas reduction response policy. Germany's LULUCF policy concerns with various sectors for synergy effects, while Korea's LULUCF policy is biased towards the forest sector. Although Korea's LULUCF policy focuses on forests, basic research is still insufficient and the linkage with existing environmental policies is low. Therefore, Korea's LULUCF policy needs more expansion into many different sectors such as agricultural, environmental, and other fields.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2015

This Study aimed to construction the plan of the statistics for national greenhouse gas inventories of international standards. Currently, the statistics of the greenhouse gas inventories of South Korea, has a problem that is not able to build the changed information. In previous studies, it has been limited to the construction of the information within each category. In order to solve these problems, targeting Gyeonggi province, we analyzed the land use change by utilizing the various information such as satellite images, KLIS, UPIS. As a result, we suggested the following implementation, classification system of LULUCF category, improvement of accuracy by utilizing satellite images of high resolution, additional research for methodology. Based on these contents, we suggested the construction plan of the statistics for national greenhouse gas inventories(LULUCF sector). Frist, it is necessary to construct of land use change informations for the past 20 years, Then, it need to create the matrix of land use change by utilizing satellite images and various land information systems.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.44-55
• /
• 2018

The importance of establishing a greenhouse gas inventory is emerging for policymaking and its implementation to cope with climate change. Thus, it is needed to establish Approach 3 level Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) matrix that is spatially explicit regarding land use classifications and changes. In this study, four types of spatial information suitable for establishing the LULUCF matrix were analyzed - Cadastral Map, Land Cover Map, Forest Map, and Biotope Map. This research analyzed the classification properties of each type of spatial information and compared the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the maps in Boryeong city. Drawn from the conclusions of the quantitative comparison, the forest area showed the maximum difference of 50.42% ($303.79km^2$) in the forest map and 46.09%($276.65km^2$) in the cadastral map. The qualitative comparison drew five qualitative characteristics: data construction scope difference, data construction purpose difference, classification standard difference, and classification item difference. As a result of the study, it was evident that the biotope map was the most appropriate spatial information for the establishment of the LULUCF matrix. In addition, if the LULUCF matrix is made by integrating the biotope, the forest map, and the land cover map, the limitations of each spatial information would be improved. The accuracy of the LULUCF matrix is expected to be improved when the map of the level-3 land cover map and the biotope map of 1:5,000 covering the whole country are completed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.826-831
• /
• 2016

he land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the greenhouse gas inventory sectors that cover emission and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from land use such as agricultural activities and land use change. Particularly, LULUCF-Cropland sector consists of carbon stock changes in soil, $N_2O$ emissions from disturbance associated with land use conversion to cropland, and $CO_2$ emission from agricultural lime application. In this paper, we conducted the study to calculate the greenhouse gases emission of LULUCF-Cropland sector in South Korea from 1990 to 2014. The emission by carbon stock changes, conversion to cropland and lime application in 2014 was 4424, 32, and 125 Gg $CO_2$-eq, respectively. Total emission from the LULUCF-Cropland sector in 2014 was 4,582 Gg $CO_2$-eq, increased by 508% since 1990 and decreased by 0.7% compared to the previous year. Total emission from this sector showed that the largest sink was the soil carbon and its increase trend in total emission in recent years was largely due to loss of cropland area.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.385-398
• /
• 2018

Although the importance of developing reliable and systematic GHG inventory has increased, the GIS/RS-based national scale LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry) sector analysis is insufficient in the context of the Paris Agreement. In this study, the change in $CO_2$ storage of forest land due to land use change is estimated using two GIS/RS methodologies, Sampling and Wall-to-Wall methods, from 2000 to 2010. Particularly, various imagery with sampling data and land cover maps are used for Sampling and Wall-to-Wall methods, respectively. This land use matrix of these methodologies and the national cadastral statistics are classified by six land-use categories (Forest land, Cropland, Grassland, Wetlands, Settlements, and Other land). The difference of area between the result of Sampling methods and the cadastral statistics decreases as the sample plot distance decreases. However, the difference is not significant under a 2 km sample plot. In the 2000s, the Wall-to-Wall method showed similar results to sampling under a 2 km distance except for the Settlement category. With the Wall-to-Wall method, $CO_2$ storage is higher than that of the Sampling method. Accordingly, the Wall-to-Wall method would be more advantageous than the Sampling method in the presence of sufficient spatial data for GHG inventory assessment. These results can contribute to establish an annual report system of national greenhouse gas inventory in the LULUCF sector.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• 제35권6_2호
• /
• pp.1053-1065
• /
• 2019

Land use statistics calculation is very informative data as the activity data for calculating exact carbon absorption and emission in post-2020. To effective interpretation by land use category, This study classify automatically image interpretation by land use category applying forest aerial photography (FAP) to deep learning model and calculate national unit statistics. Dataset (DS) applied deep learning is divided into training dataset (training DS) and test dataset (test DS) by extracting image of FAP based national forest resource inventory permanent sample plot location. Training DS give label to image by definition of land use category and learn and verify deep learning model. When verified deep learning model, training accuracy of model is highest at epoch 1,500 with about 89%. As a result of applying the trained deep learning model to test DS, interpretation classification accuracy of image label was about 90%. When the estimating area of classification by category using sampling method and compare to national statistics, consistency also very high, so it judged that it is enough to be used for activity data of national GHG (Greenhouse Gas) inventory report of LULUCF sector in the future.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.203-217
• /
• 2024

The Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory is crucial for obtaining data on carbon sinks, necessitating accurate estimations. This study analyzes cases of countries applying the LULUCF sector at the Tier 3 level to propose enhanced methodologies for carbon sink estimation. In nations like Japan and Western Europe, satellite spatial information such as SPOT, Landsat, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)is used alongside national statistical data to estimate LULUCF. However, in Korea, the lack of land use change data and the absence of integrated management by category, measurement is predominantly conducted at the Tier 1 level, except for certain forest areas. In this study, Space-borne LiDAR Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) was used to calculate forest canopy heights based on Relative Height 100 (RH100) in the cities of Icheon, Gwangju, and Yeoju in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. These canopy heights were compared with the 1:5,000 scale forest maps used for the National Inventory Report in Korea. The GEDI data showed a maximum canopy height of 29.44 meters (m) in Gwangju, contrasting with the forest type maps that reported heights up to 34 m in Gwangju and parts of Icheon, and a minimum of 2 m in Icheon. Additionally, this study utilized Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)regression analysis to compare GEDI RH100 data with forest stand heights at the eup-myeon-dong level using ArcGIS, revealing Standard Deviations (SDs)ranging from -1.4 to 2.5, indicating significant regional variability. Areas where forest stand heights were higher than GEDI measurements showed greater variability, whereas locations with lower tree heights from forest type maps demonstrated lower SDs. The discrepancies between GEDI and actual measurements suggest the potential for improving height estimations through the application of high-resolution remote sensing techniques. To enhance future assessments of forest biomass and carbon storage at the Tier 3 level, high-resolution, reliable data are essential. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrating high-resolution, spatially explicit LiDAR data to enhance the accuracy of carbon sink calculations in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제98권1호
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2009

Annex I parties continued its consideration of how to address, the definitions, modalities, rules and guidelines for the treatment of Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) in the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol by the year of 2009. In the AWG-KP conference held in Accra, Ghana in 2008, four alternatives (gross-net carbon accounting, net-net with base year or base period accounting, net-net with forward looking baseline accounting, and land-based accounting method) for negotiations were decided in order to revise gross-net accounting method applied during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In this study, alternative scenarios are set in consideration with reporting system (voluntary or compulsory), discount factors and cap about these three alternatives except for the method of net-net with forward looking baseline accounting, and then estimates the Removal Unit (RMU) among the countries. In the case that article 3.4 activities under the Kyoto Protocol revises from voluntary reporting to mandatory reporting, it is estimated that the loss of RMU would be huge in Russia, Australia, New Zealand, as well as Canada potentially. Net-net with base year or base period carbon accounting and land-based carbon accounting method have big difference of RMU in accordance with the base year or the base period. So the more unfavorable the country with a lot of old-age forests was, the closer the base year or period comes to the commitment period in the context of RMU. If it is getting lowered for the current rate of 85% in discount factors, RMU is getting higher to the whole countries. Therefore in Korea with little potential for afforestation and reforestation, there was the most sensitive response to the change of discount factors. Post-2012 LULUCF hereafter, it is strongly expected for the succession of current carbon accounting system which is voluntary reporting of gross-net carbon accounting and the activity for article 3.4. Other carbon accounting method is hard to accept in aspect that there is big differentiated interests among the countries and it is required enormous cost and time to develop reliable method. Provide for Post-2012 mandatory greenhouse gas reduction, Korea needs to have a competitive negotiation strategies differentiated from Annex I countries. The most reliable alternative would be to lower the discounting factors about the activities for forest management.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2017

This study compared and analyzed the construction of a land use change matrix for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) land use, land use change, and forestry area (LULUCF). We used National Forest Inventory (NFI) permanent sample plots (with a sample intensity of 4 km) and permanent sample plots with 500 m sampling intensity. The land use change matrix was formed using the point sampling method, Level-2 Land Cover Maps, and forest aerial photographs (3rd and 4th series). The land use change matrix using the land cover map indicated that the annual change in area was the highest for forests and cropland; the cropland area decreased over time. We evaluated the uncertainty of the land use change matrix. Our results indicated that the forest land use, which had the most sampling, had the lowest uncertainty, while the grassland and wetlands had the highest uncertainty and the least sampling. The uncertainty was higher for the 4 km sampling intensity than for the 500 m sampling intensity, which indicates the importance of selecting the appropriate sample size when constructing a national land use change matrix.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.445-452
• /
• 2018

The field of agriculture, forestry, and other land-use (AFOLU) is concerned with greenhouse emissions of agriculture (crop and livestock), as is the field of land-use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). The 1996 IPCC guideline and the 2006 IPCC guideline are used in combination for calculation of greenhouse gas emission from the agricultural sector, and the 2003 IPCC guideline is used for that from the land-use sector. In this research, we analyzed GHG emissions of the cropland sector in AFOLU based on the 2006 IPCC guideline. The results showed that GHG emissions of 1990 was $-504Gg{\cdot}CO_2-eq$, while that of the last year was $2,871Gg{\cdot}CO_2-eq$. Compared with the 2003 methodology, total emissions according to the 2006 IPCC was lower except in 1997 and 2003. This trend is due to difference of analyzed emission sources, lower default values, and global warming potential by the 2006 IPCC. The results are estimated using limited data at the Tier 1 level and the first issue to be solved is the activity data from the land-use change matrix. Although this result should be improved, it can be used as the basis for calculating GHG emissions of the AFOLU sector.