• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 2024

Abnormalities on breast ultrasound (US) images which do not meet the criteria for masses are referred to as nonmass lesions. These features and outcomes have been investigated in several studies conducted by Asian researchers. However, the term "nonmass" is not included in the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5th edition for US. According to the Japan Association of Breast and Thyroid Sonology guidelines, breast lesions are divided into mass and nonmass. US findings of nonmass abnormalities are classified into five subtypes: abnormalities of the ducts, hypoechoic areas in the mammary glands, architectural distortion, multiple small cysts, and echogenic foci without a hypoechoic area. These findings can be benign or malignant; however, focal or segmental distributions and presence of calcifications suggest malignancy. Intraductal, invasive ductal, and lobular carcinomas can present as nonmass abnormalities. For the nonmass concept to be included in the next BI-RADS and be widely accepted in clinical practice, standardized terminologies, an interpretation algorithm, and outcome-based evidence are required for both screening and diagnostic US.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of saliva contamination on the resin bonding of the etched metal retainers. The test samples were made of Verabond, and divided into 3 groups. Retainers in group1 had normally etched metal surfaces. Retainers in group2 had normally etched metal surfaces which were saliva-contaminated for 30 seconds and cleaned with streaming, luke-warm for 1 minute and dried thoroughly. Retainers in group3 had normally etched metal surfaces which were saliva- contaminated for 30 seconds and dried thoroughly without water-cleansing. Each 3 group specimen was watched on SEM. A resin core, 5mm in diameter and 6mm in length, was made of Panavia using Teflon mold on the each specimen. These 3 groups were tested to evaluate shear bond strength, using universal testing machine. The results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength showed no significant difference between group1 and group2. 2. The shear bond strength showed significant difference between group1 and group3. 3. The shear bond strength significant difference between group2 and group3. 4. Scanning electron microscope photographs of group1 and group2 showed no signs of contamination but of group3 showed somewhat contaminated.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenolic acid, proanthocyanidin (PAs), and flavonol glycoside contents, as well as the antioxidant activities of pine needle extracts from six species of young pine trees. The extracts were prepared from Section Pinus (Diploxylon): P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, P. pinaster and P. pinea, and Section Strobus (Haploxylon): P. koraiensis and P. strobus. Phenolics were extracted from pine needles with 80% acetone to obtain the soluble free fraction, and insoluble residues were digested with 4 M NaOH to obtain bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions. Phenolics were analyzed by HPLC, and the hydrophilic antioxidant activity was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the soluble free fraction were higher than those of the bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions. The main phenolics were monomers and polymers of PAs in the soluble free fraction, and phenolic acids and flavonol glycosides in bound ethyl acetate fraction. Flavonol glycosides found in different species of pine needles were qualitatively similar within fractions, but composition varied among Pinus sections. High levels of kaempferol arabinoside and an unknown compound were present in all Strobus species. The soluble free fraction had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.789-810
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• 2016

Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges with both skew and curvature are pretty common in areas with complex terrains. Existing studies have shown skewed and/or curved bridges exhibit more complicated seismic performance than straight bridges, and yet related seismic risk studies are still rare. These bridges deserve more studies in low-to-moderate seismic regions than those in seismic-prone areas. This is because for bridges with irregular and complex geometric designs, comprehensive seismic analysis is not always required and little knowledge about actual seismic risks for these bridges in low-to-moderate regions is available. To provide more insightful understanding of the seismic risks and the impact from the geometric configurations, analytical fragility studies are carried out on four typical bridge designs with different geometric configurations (i.e., straight, curved, skewed, skewed and curved) in the mountain west region of the United States. The results show the curved and skewed geometries can considerably affect the bridge seismic fragility in a complex manner, underscoring the importance of conducting detailed seismic risk assessment of skewed and curved bridges in low-to-moderate seismic regions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.332-343
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nurses' perception on hospice law in hospice institutions using questionnaire and to recommend bill of hospice law. Method: The data were collected from 95 nurses who have experienced in hospice care using a self-completion questionnaire. To analyze prescriptive data, content analysis was done using an analysis scheme developed by the investigators. Results: The separate hospice law suggested was types and purpose of law, certification of patient, living will and right to attorney, staff, institutions, service, and payment. The analysis scheme consisted of 6 categories and 17 subcategories. 83 significant statements were analyzed and categorized. Hospice nurses indicated that their operation, financing, manpower, institution, patient right, drug management is needed to enact for bill. Conclusions: The results of this study on hospice law contents will contribute to build the national hospice system in Korea.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

This paper is mainly associated with setting out an agenda for the transformation of security by creating a new framework for a security system, which can maximise its effectiveness. Noticeably, this research shows empirically that crimes are getting a major cost to organisations, which if reduced by security and investigations could reap substantial rewards to the finances of an organisation. However, the problem is that the delivery of security is frequently delegated to personnel (e.g. security guards) with limited training, inadequate education, and no real commitment to professionalism - 'sub-prime' security, finally causing security failures. Therefore, if security can be enhanced to reduce the crime cost, this will produce financial benefits to business, and consequently could produce a competitive advantage. For this, the paper basically draws upon Luke's theoretical framework for deconstructing 'power' into three dimensions. Using this three-dimensional approach, the paper further sets out a model of how security can be enhanced, utilising a new Security Risk Management (SRM) model, and how can this SRM model create competitive advantage in business. Finally, this paper ends with the six strategies needed to enhance the quality of security: refiguring as SRM, Professional Staff, Accurate Measurement, Prevention, Cultural Change, and Metrics.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-226
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• 2015

As in some developing countries and more recently some developed countries worldwide and in the Asian region, Australia has faced significant internal opposition and public debate especially over treaty-based investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). As outlined in Part II(1), concerns have re-emerged and escalated since the first-ever claim was brought against Australia regarding its tobacco plain packaging legislation, in 2011 by Philip Morris Asia under an old BIT with Hong Kong. However, Australia signed bilateral FTAs with Korea in 2014 and with China in 2015, including ISDS protections, prompting several sets of parliamentary inquiries (Part II(2)). Australia's close trading partner, New Zealand, had already concluded an FTA with China in 2008 that included more expansive ISDS-backed investor protections. In 2015, the New Zealand Parliament has been debating ratification of its own FTA with Korea, with ISDS also now attracting growing scrutiny, as elaborated in Part III below. In both bilateral FTA negotiations, the present Korean government seems to have reverted to a strong preference for concluding investment agreements with extensive ISDS protections, despite public and parliamentary debate around 2011 in the context of ratifying its FTA with the United States. As mentioned briefly in the concluding Part IV, Korea's stance has significant implications for the future trajectory of treaty-based ISDS - and indeed international arbitration more generally - in the Asia-Pacific region, and perhaps even globally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.99-101
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• 2014

A Comprehensive Vibration Assessment Program (CVAP) for steam generator internals (SGI) of Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) is being performed in accordance with the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) Regulatory Guide 1.20 (RG 1.20) revision 3. This paper studies the vibration characteristics of moisture separator assembly as part of the vibration and stress analysis program for APR1400 SGI CVAP. The natural frequencies, mode shapes, and structural behavior of moisture separator assembly were investigated through modal analysis using finite element method and experimental measurement. Since the moisture separator consists of several items with complicated shape, an idealized shell model was used in the finite element analysis. Group of local modes caused by moisture separators and significant modes of shroud and separator support plate were identified. The results of this paper are to be utilized in the structural response analysis of moisture separator assembly.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.36-57
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• 2013

Blogs are readily available sources of opinions and sentiments which allows bloggers to exert a certain level of influence over the blog readers. Previous studies had attempted to analyze blog features to detect influence within the blogosphere, but had not studied in details influence at the blogger-level. Other studies studied bloggers' personalities with regards to their propensity to blog, but did not relate the personalities of bloggers to influence. Bloggers may differ in their way or manner of exerting influence. For example, bloggers could be active participants or just passive shares, or whether they express ideas in a rational or subjective manner, or they are received positively or negatively by the readers. In this paper, we further analyze the engagement style (frequency, scope, originality, and consistency of the blog postings), persuasion style (appeals to reasons or emotions), and persona (degree of compliance) of individual bloggers. Methods used include similarity analysis to detect the sharing-creating aspect of engagement style, subjectivity analysis to measure persuasion style, and sentiment analysis to identify persona style. While previous studies analyzed influence at blog site level, our model is shown to provide a fine-grained influence analysis that could further differentiate the bloggers' influence style in a blog site.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mobilization application for the lower extremity after fibula Pilon fracture operation patient. Methods: The subjects was 62 years old male who was injury of Lt. fibula shaft Fx., 3 cuneiform & cuboid Fx., 2.3.4 metatarsal bone Fx., We were compared to result of physical therapy between pre and post exercise for 2weeks. Results: The results of this study were summarized below; The mobilization application of the Lt. lower extremity was significantly differences of the ROM at pre and post therapy after 2 weeks, especially in knee flexion ($40^{\circ}$). The increased of accessary movement was evaluated to increased of the physiologic movement about the joints of the lower extremity. Conclusion: We consider that factors of therapy result were not only fracture types, operation and reduction methods for the fibula Pilon fracture but also the ability of physical therapist's manual techniques.