Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic fragility performance of skewed and curved bridges in low-to-moderate seismic region

  • Chen, Luke (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University) ;
  • Chen, Suren (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University)
  • Received : 2015.02.27
  • Accepted : 2016.02.01
  • Published : 2016.04.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges with both skew and curvature are pretty common in areas with complex terrains. Existing studies have shown skewed and/or curved bridges exhibit more complicated seismic performance than straight bridges, and yet related seismic risk studies are still rare. These bridges deserve more studies in low-to-moderate seismic regions than those in seismic-prone areas. This is because for bridges with irregular and complex geometric designs, comprehensive seismic analysis is not always required and little knowledge about actual seismic risks for these bridges in low-to-moderate regions is available. To provide more insightful understanding of the seismic risks and the impact from the geometric configurations, analytical fragility studies are carried out on four typical bridge designs with different geometric configurations (i.e., straight, curved, skewed, skewed and curved) in the mountain west region of the United States. The results show the curved and skewed geometries can considerably affect the bridge seismic fragility in a complex manner, underscoring the importance of conducting detailed seismic risk assessment of skewed and curved bridges in low-to-moderate seismic regions.

Keywords

References

  1. AASHTO (2013), LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Customary U.S. Units, 6th Edition, with 2013 Interim Revisions
  2. Billah, A.M., Alam, M.S. and Bhuiyan, M.R. (2012), "Fragility analysis of retrofitted multicolumn bridge bent subjected to near-fault and far-field ground motion", J. Bridge Eng., 18(10), 992-1004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000452
  3. Baker, J.W. and Cornell, C.A. (2005), "A vector-valued ground motion intensity measure consisting of spectral acceleration and epsilon", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(10), 1193-1217. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.474
  4. Baker, J.W. and Cornell, C.A. (2006), "Vector-valued ground motion intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand analysis", Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.
  5. Berkeley, C.S.I. (2011), Computer program SAP2000 v14. 2.4. Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, California.
  6. Bavirisetty, R., Vinayagamoorthy, M. and Duan, L. (2000), "Dynamic analysis", Eds., W.-F. Chen and L. Duan, Bridge Engineering Handbook, CRC Press.
  7. Choi, E. (2002), "Seismic analysis and retrofit of Mid-America bridges", Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.
  8. California Department of Transportation (2006), Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria, (1.6), 161.
  9. Ellingwood, B. and Hwang, H. (1985), "Probabilistic descriptions of resistance of safety related structures in nuclear plants", Nuclear Eng. Des., 88(2), 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(85)90059-7
  10. Ellingwood, B.R. and Kinali, K. (2009), "Quantifying and communicating uncertainty in seismic risk assessment", Struct. Safe., 31(2), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.06.001
  11. Fang, J., Li, Q., Jeary, A. and Liu, D. (1999), "Damping of tall buildings: Its evaluation and probabilistic characteristics", Struct. Des. Tall Build., 8(2), 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1794(199906)8:2<145::AID-TAL127>3.0.CO;2-1
  12. FHWA (1995), Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges, Vol. FHWA-RD-94-052. Office of Engineering and Highway Operations R&D, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
  13. FEMA (1997), HAZUS. Earthquake loss estimation methodology. Technical Manual, National Institute of Building for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington DC.
  14. FEMA (2003), HAZUS-MH MR1: Technical Manual, Vol. Earthquake Model. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington DC.
  15. Hwang, H., Jernigan, J.B. and Lin, Y.W. (2000), "Evaluation of seismic damage to Memphis bridges and highway systems", J. Bridge Eng., 5(4), 322-330. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2000)5:4(322)
  16. Kowalsky, M.J. and Priestley, M.N. (2000), "Improved analytical model for shear strength of circular reinforced concrete columns in seismic regions", ACI Struct. J., 97(3), 388-396.
  17. Kwon, O.S. and Elnashai, A.S. (2007), "Fragility analysis of a bridge with consideration of Soil-Structure-Interaction using multi-platform analysis", Structural Engineering Research Frontiers, ASCE.
  18. MacGregor, J.G., Wight, J.K., Teng, S. and Irawan, P. (1997), "Reinforced concrete: mechanics and design (Vol. 3)", Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  19. Mackie, K.R. and Stojadinovic, B. (2007), "Performance-based seismic bridge design for damage and loss limit states", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(13), 1953-1971. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.699
  20. Matthews, V. (2003), "The challenges of evaluating earthquake hazard in Colorado", Engineering Geology in Colorado: Contributions, Trends, and Case Histories.
  21. Maragakis, E. (1984), "A model for the rigid body motions of skew bridge".
  22. Mwafy, A.M. and Elnashai, A.S. (2007), "Assessment of seismic integrity of multi-span curved bridges in mid-America".
  23. Neves, L.A., Frangopol, D.M. and Cruz, P.J. (2006), "Probabilistic lifetime-oriented multi-objective optimization of bridge maintenance: Single maintenance type", J. Struct. Eng., 132(6), 991-1005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:6(991)
  24. Nielson, B.G. (2005), "Analytical fragility curves for highway bridges in moderate seismic zones", Ph.D. dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology.
  25. Nielson, B.G. and DesRoches, R. (2007), "Seismic fragility methodology for highway bridges using a component level approach", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(6), 823-839. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.655
  26. Pan, Y., Agrawal, A.K. and Ghosn, M. (2007), "Seismic fragility of continuous steel highway bridges in New York State", J. Bridge Eng., 12(6), 689-699. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2007)12:6(689)
  27. Padgett, J.E. and DesRoches, R. (2007), "Sensitivity of seismic response and fragility to parameter uncertainty", J. Struct. Eng., 133(12), 1710-1718. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:12(1710)
  28. Padgett, J.E. and DesRoches, R. (2008), "Methodology for the development of analytical fragility curves for retrofitted bridges", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(8), 1157-1174. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.801
  29. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F. and Calvi, G.M. (1996), Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley &Sons, New York, USA
  30. Rix, G.J. and Fernandez-Leon, J.A. (2004), "Synthetic ground motions for Memphis", TN. http://www.ce.gatech. edu/research/mae_ground_ motionae (Jul. 5, 2008).
  31. Sullivan, I. and Nielson, B.G. (2010), "Sensitivity analysis of seismic fragility curves for skewed multi-span simply supported steel girder bridges", Proceedings of 19th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference, Structures Congress.
  32. Saiidi, M. and Orie, D. (1992), "Earthquake design forces in regular highway bridges", Comput. Struct., 44(5), 1047-1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90327-V
  33. Shinozuka, M., Kim, S.H., Kushiyama, S. and Yi, J.H. (2002), "Fragility curves of concrete bridges retrofitted by column jacketing", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 1(2), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-002-0065-2
  34. Sucuoǧlu, H. and Erberik, A. (2004), "Energy-based hysteresis and damage models for deteriorating systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 33(1), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.338
  35. Vickery, P.J., Skerlj, P.F., Lin, J., Twisdale Jr, L.A., Young, M.A. and Lavelle, F.M. (2006), "HAZUS-MH hurricane model methodology. II: Damage and loss estimation", Natl. Haz. Rev., 7(2), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2006)7:2(94)
  36. WSDOT (2002), Design Manual, Program Development Division, Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, WA. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Publications/Manuals/M22-01.htm
  37. Wen, Y.K. and Wu, C.L. (2001), "Uniform hazard ground motions for Mid-America cities", Earthq. Spectra, 17(2), 359-384. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586179
  38. Wilson, T., Mahmoud, H. and Chen, S. (2014), "Seismic performance of skewed and curved reinforced concrete bridges in mountainous states", Eng. Struct., 70, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.03.039
  39. Wilson, T., Chen, S. and Mahmoud, H. (2015), "Analytical case study on the seismic performance of a curved and skewed reinforced concrete bridge under vertical ground motion", Eng. Struct., 100, 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.06.017
  40. Xiao, Y. and Ma, R. (1997), "Seismic retrofit of RC circular columns using prefabricated composite jacketing", J. Struct. Eng., 123(10), 1357-1364. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:10(1357)
  41. Zhang, J. and Huo, Y. (2009), "Evaluating effectiveness and optimum design of isolation devices for highway bridges using the fragility function method", Eng. Struct., 31(8), 1648-1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.017
  42. Zakeri, B., Padgett, J.E. and Amiri, G.G. (2014), "Fragility analysis of skewed single frame concrete box girder bridges", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 28(3), 571-582. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000435

Cited by

  1. Bayesian-based seismic margin assessment approach: Application to research reactor vol.12, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.6.653
  2. Development of a bridge-specific fragility methodology to improve the seismic resilience of bridges vol.15, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.3.253
  3. Simplified Formula for Earthquake-Induced Hydrodynamic Pressure on Round-Ended and Rectangular Cylinders Surrounded by Water vol.145, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001567
  4. Response of Skew Bridges with permutations of geometric parameters and bearings articulation vol.17, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.5.477
  5. Hybrid Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Bridges with Moving Traffic vol.33, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001098
  6. Bayesian demand model based seismic vulnerability assessment of a concrete girder bridge vol.9, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2020.9.4.337
  7. The Effect of In-Span Hinges and Span Numbers on the Seismic Vulnerability of Curved Box-Girder Highway Bridges Considering Material and Geometric Uncertainties vol.7, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/ajrua6.0001164