• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.547-559
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• 2012

The concrete structural design in domestic has based on the allowable stress design (ASD) method and ultimate strength design (USD) method. Recently limit state design (LSD) method has issued and attempted to adopt in geotechnical design. Because ASD method and USD method have restriction in economic design. In this study, the generated member forces were calculated about high strength concrete segment lining based on japanese LSD code. And it compared with domestic USD code for identifying the economic design possibility of LSD and domestic applicability. In analysis results, the aspect of moment had generated similarly each other but the member forces of japanese LSD code were decreased (26.0% of moment and 26.7% of shear force) comparing with USD method. For that reason, possibility of economic segment design with stable condition were identified.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6A
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• pp.500-505
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• 2009

In this paper, We present a low complexity candidate list generation scheme in iterative MIMO receiver. Since QAM modulation can be decomposed into HP symbols and LP symbol and HP symbol is robust in error capability, we generate HP symbol list with simple ZF detector output and its corresponding neighbor HP symbols, Then, based on HP symbol list, the LP symbol list is generated by using the sphere decoder. From the second iteration, since apriori value from channel decoder is available, the candidate list is updated based on demodulated apriori value. Through the simulation, we observe that at the first iteration, the BER performance is worse than LSD. However, as the number of iteration is increased, the proposed scheme has almost same performance as LSD. Moreover, the proposed one has reduced candidate list generation time and lower number of candidate list compared with LSD.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2000

This paper describes that the leaf spring damper (LSD) developed by authors can be controled by side clearance between side covers and leaf springs. The test rig and two prototype dampers with different side clearance were manufactured. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of side clearance on the damping of the leaf spring damper. The stiffness and damping coefficients are obtained from the displacements and the reaction forces generated by rotating the eccentric shaft. All dynamic coefficients are plotted with the excitation frequency which is adjusted by rotating speed of the shaft.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2001

In this paper, we initiate the study of some annihilator conditions on polynomials which were used by Kaplansky [4] to abstract algebras of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert spaces with Baer condition. On the other hand, p.p. rings were introduced by A. Hattori [3] to study the torsion theory. The purpose of this paper is to introduce near-rings with Baer condition and near-rings with p.p. condition which are somewhat different from the ring case, and to extend a results of Armendarz [1] to polynomial near-rings with Baer condition in somewhat different way of Birkenmeier and Huang [2].

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2001

In this paper, we initiate the investigation of ring in which all the additive endomorphisms are generated by ring endomorphisms (AGE-rings). This study was motivated by the work on the Sullivan’s Research Problem [11]: Characterize those rings in which every additive endomorphism is a ring endomorphism (AE-rings). The purpose of this paper is to obtain a certain characterization of AGE-rings, and investigate some relations between AGE and LSD-generated rings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.285-290
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• 1999

This paper describes that the leaf spring damper(LSD) developed by authors can be controled by side clearance between side cover and leaf spring. The test rig and two prototype dampers with different side clearance were manufactured. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of side clearance on the damping of leaf spring damper. The stiffness and damping coefficients are obtained from the displacements and the reaction forces generated by rotating the eccentric shaft. All dynamic coeffficients are plotted with the excitation frequency which is adjusted by rotating speed of shaft.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1829-1836
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• 2010

The district heating system distributes the heat generated from a cogeneration plant to wider locations. In this process, the district heating pipe (DHP) is subjected to internal and external loadings. The internal loadings are generally caused by the operating conditions such as water temperature and internal pressure. Frictional interactions between the pipes and the soil contribute to the external loadings. Thus, investigation of the mechanisms of failure of DHPs will help to guarantee both mechanical stability and heating efficiency. In this study, we investigate the local buckling of DHPs using limit state design (LSD). Two methods are considered: the use of the limit state for the width-thickness ratio and the use of the limit state for the strain. The results are used to confirm that the DHP is stable under local buckling. Finally, we suggest a minimum preheating temperature for avoiding local buckling.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.767-774
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• 2010

In this study, the problems of high caloric content, increased maturation time, and off-flavors in commercial beer manufacture arising from residual sugar, diacetyl, and acetaldehyde levels were addressed. A recombinant industrial brewing yeast strain (TQ1) was generated from T1 [Lipomyces starkeyi dextranase gene (LSD1) introduced, ${\alpha}$-acetohydroxyacid synthase gene (ILV2) disrupted] by introducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucoamylase (SGA1) and a strong promoter (PGK1), while disrupting the gene coding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2). The highest glucoamylase activity for TQ1 was 93.26 U/ml compared with host strain T1 (12.36 U/ml) and wild-type industrial yeast strain YSF5 (10.39 U/ml), respectively. European Brewery Convention (EBC) tube fermentation tests comparing the fermentation broths of TQ1 with T1 and YSF5 showed that the real extracts were reduced by 15.79% and 22.47%; the main residual maltotriose concentrations were reduced by 13.75% and 18.82%; the caloric contents were reduced by 27.18 and 35.39 calories per 12 oz. Owing to the disruption of the ADH2 gene in TQ1, the off-flavor acetaldehyde concentrations in the fermentation broth were 9.43% and 13.28%, respectively, lower than that of T1 and YSF5. No heterologous DNA sequences or drug resistance genes were introduced into TQ1. Hence, the gene manipulations in this work properly solved the addressed problems in commercial beer manufacture.