• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2003

The concept of hydrogen enriched LPG fuelled engine can be essentially characterized as low emissions and reduction of backfire for hydrogen engine. The purpose of study is obtaining low-emission and high-efficiency in LPG engine with hydrogen enrichment. In order to determine the ideal compression ratio, a variable compression ratio single cylinder engine was developed. The objective of this paper is to clarify the effects of hydrogen enriched LPG fuelled engine on exhaust emission, thermal efficiency and performance. The compression ratio of 8 was selected to minimize abnormal combustion. To maintain equal heating value, the amount of LPG was decreased, and hydrogen was gradually added. In a similar manner, the relative air-fuel ratio was increased from 0.8 to 1.3 in increment of 0.1, and the ignition timing was controlled to be at MBT each case.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2024

This study investigates the performance of 2.0L hybrid vehicles equipped with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel engines, using energy flow analysis. By incorporating a direct LPG injection system (LPDi), the research aims to overcome the reduced maximum output commonly associated with LPG engines. Moreover, the integration of a hybrid system is explored as a means to enhance vehicle fuel economy while reducing CO₂ and emissions. The study employs data from FTP-75 and HWFET driving cycle to inform future research efforts focused on predicting CO₂ emissions and fuel economy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles utilizing LPG Direct Injection. The findings offer insights into optimizing fuel systems for better environmental and operational performance in hybrid vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

This thesis suggests ways for ensuring the safety of domestic autogas (liquefied petroleum gas) vehicles by conducting comparison and analysis on the status of market diffusion and safety management scheme in foreign countries as well as in Korea. According to the result of the survey on the status of domestic autogas safety management, the national scheme to secure the safety of autogas vehicles seems neither well-organized nor sufficiently-controlled. Actually, the gas leakage check-ups conducted for 5,000 autogas cars revealed that about 4 percent of them had leakage problems. As a result, it was acknowledged that the autogas safety regulations being operated in advanced countries need to be selectively introduced for the domestic autogas industry. Consequently, in line with the recent permission to use autogas as a fuel for subcompact cars etc., this thesis is recommending some methods to enhance the safety management scheme for autogas cars such as the amendment of facility regulations including the ventilation of underground parking lots, mandatory attachment of labels claiming autogas cars and indicating periodical inspections etc.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2009

The regulations for exhaust emission from vehicles have become much more stringent in recent years. These more stringent regulations require vehicle manufacturers to develop alternative fuels that reduce exhaust emission. This research is to analyze the characteristics of exhaust gas emission of same level vehicles that use gasoline, diesel, and LPG fuels. As for the test mode, we used the CVS-75 mode, which is the driving mode of the current domestic and North American emissions. The characteristics of the exhaust gas emitted under this driving condition was studied. We examined the emissions of THC, CO, and NOx of vehicles that use gasoline, diesel, and LPG fuels. As a result, vehicle exhaust gas emissions increased 9.8 % for vehicles using gasoline and it decreased 12.2 % for diesel-powered vehicles compared to vehicles using LPG fuel. Using gasoline and LPG fuel in the CVS-mode, over 80 % of THC and CO emission was produced for the cold start Phase 1.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2023

To limit greenhouse gas emissions from ships, numerous environmental regulations and standards have been taken into effect. As a result, alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ammonia, and biofuels have been applied to ships. Most of these alternative fuels are low flashpoint fuels in the form of liquefied gas. Their use is predicted to continue to increase. Thus, management regulations for using low flash point fuel as a ship fuel are required. However, they are currently insufficient. In the case of LNG, ISO standards have been prepared in relation to bunkering. The Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF), a non-governmental organization (NGO), has also prepared and published a guideline on LNG bunkering. The classification society also requires safety management areas to be designated according to bunkering methods and procedures for safe bunkering. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a procedure for setting a safety management area according to the type of fuel, environmental conditions, and leakage scenarios and verify it with a numerical method. In this study, as a feasibility study for establishing these procedures, application status and standards of the industry were reviewed. Classification guidelines and existing preceding studies were analyzed and investigated. Based on results of this study, a procedure for establishing a safety management area for bunkering in domestic ports of Korea can be prepared.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is regarded as an alternative fuel for spark ignition engine due to similar or even higher octane number. In addition, LPG has better fuel characteristics including high vaporization characteristic and low carbon/hydrogen ratio leading to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. Recently, development of LPG direct injection system started to improve performance of vehicles fuelled with LPG. However, spray characteristics of LPG were not well understood, which is should be known to develop injector for LPG direct injection engines. In this study, effects of operation condition including ambient pressure, temperature, and injection pressure on spray properties of n-butane were evaluated and compared to gasoline in a multi-hole injector. As general characteristics of both fuels, spray penetration becomes smaller with an increase of ambient pressure as well as a reduction in the injection pressure. However, it is found that evaporation of n-butane was faster compared to gasoline under all experimental condition. As a result, spray penetration of n-butane was shorter than that of gasoline. This result was due to higher vapor pressure and lower boiling point of n-butane. On the other hand, spray angle of both fuels do not vary much except under high ambient temperature conditions. Furthermore, spray shape of n-butane spray becomes completely different from that of gasoline at high ambient temperature conditions due to flash boiling of n-butane.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.1093-1096
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• 2010

자동차 연료로서 LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas)의 사용은 대기오염을 줄이는데 효과적으로 사용이 빠르게 확산되고 있다. 가스사용이 늘어나면서 폭발과 화재에 의한 인명피해가 해마다 발생하고 있으며, 특히 대규모 저장시설에서의 가스사고는 사회적으로 심각한 문제를 야기하고 있다. 이를 최소화하기 위한 방안으로 지하격납형 저장탱크를 대안으로 제시하고 있다. 본 연구는 LPG를 대량으로 취급 저장하는 시설에서 운용하는 저장탱크의 설치방법을 개선하기 위한 것으로, 지상형과 지하매몰형, 지하격납형에 대하여 누출가능성, 경제성, 토지이용률, 안전성, 점검편리성, 시공용이성을 인자로 다구찌(Taguchi) 실험계획법으로 분석하면 토지이용률, 경제성, 안전성순으로 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 최적의 시공법은 지하격납형 저장탱크인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.654-661
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• 1999

This is fundamental study to improve performance of the SI engine,. In this study a conven-tional kerosene engine was modified to LPG dedicated engine which can be operated with LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) The modified model were tested in accordance with various compression ratios. Also the engine performance with modified model was compared with the conventional one. The results are sum-marized as follow; 1. In comparison with the conventional kerosene Gasoline engine and LPG dedicated engine can be operated with lower exhaust emission better fuel economy and better thermal efficiency. 2. But is produce a slightly lower brake horse power.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2003

In a bi-fuel engine using gasoline and LPG fuel, with the current ignition timing for gasoline being used, the effective performance could not be taken in LPG fuel supply mode. The ignition timing in LPG fuel mode must be advanced much more than that of gasoline mode for the compensation of its lower flame speed, due to engine torque drop. This study aims to develop the control system for ignition spark timing conversion which is composed of hardwares and control algorithm for gasoline/LPG engine. We propose the control system which can advance the ignition spark timing in LPG fuel mode more than used in gasoline fuel mode. The advance of ignition timing is achieved by change of the ignition dwell time of coil igniter. The engine torque and F/E(Fuel-Economy) in LPG fuel mode are measured to evaluate the difference of engine performance between before and alter changing ignition spark timings. The engine torque and F/E are increased respectively, which proves the developed control system is effective so much for gasoline and LPG bi-fuel engine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.5 no.2 s.14
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

The number of gas containers and the period of exchanging gas containers are vsy important in designing liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) supply system for small capacity domain. And also the evaluation of remaining LPG in containers to be exchanged is very useful information in commerce. However seldon has been studied on calculating method about those with respect to gas consumption pattern. In this study, a simulation method was developed to estimate the evaporation capacity of LPG container, the mass gas flow rate from LPG container, the temperature and vapor pressure of LPG, and the remained LPG at containers to be exchange by using LPG property equations, mass balance equation, and heat balance equation. The simulation results were correlated well with experimental data. The overall heat transfer coefficient from air to LPG is approximately $9{\~}13 kcal/m^2{\cdot}hr{\cdot}^{\circ}C$ and does not strongly affect on the evaporation capacity of LPG container. The mass gas flow rate from LPG container is constant when the vapor pressure of LPG is within pressure regulator's control range. While, out of range, it suddenly reduce to a evaporation rate which is balanced with heat transfer from air. The evaporation capacity of LPG container increased with surrounding temperature and the composition of propane, and decreased drastically with continuous gas consumption. The number of gas containers divided the number of houses using gas supply system was reduced by using automatic gas feeding device.