• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.613-618
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• 2008

As one way of cost innovation and weight saving of the automobile, the one-piece typed lower control arm was developed for the purpose of replacing the box typed lower control arm. In order to overcome less buckling strength of the one-piece typed lower control arm, the design parameters such as the high strength steel grade, the thickness and the shape of main panel were optimized based on Taguchi method.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.188-191
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• 2005

Lower arm for automobile has been made in steel traditionally. Nowadays steel is being substituted fur aluminum to reduce weight of automobile. Widely applied production method of aluminum component has been casting processes or cast/forging processes. But casting or cast/forging processes have limits of application to parts which is required high strength durability like automotive component. In this research, hot forging process has been adopted to produce aluminum lower arm to ensure required mechanical properties. To reduce production cost, 2 pieces with 1 blow process was developed. Optimization and verification of hot forging process for aluminum lower arm was performed by computer aided engineering using finite volume methods.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-45
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• 1997

This study aims at designing sleeves which are suitable for arm shapes and arm movements. With the samples of of ordinary 24 women aged from 20 to 22, the arm shapes and movements were measured 3-dimensionally using a motion analyzer and a sonic digitizer, and then clasified into three characteristic types (A, B, and C). Our analysis leads to the following conclusion. The factors classifying arm shapes are the length from acromion to posterior armpit point, arm hole length, the cap height, difference in height between anterior and posterior armpit points, armhole circumference, upper arm circumferemce, armhole depth, and underarm circumference. The characteristics of arm type A is that the armhole depth and the length from acromion to posterior armpit point are the largest, while the circumference inbe- tween upper arm and elbow is the smallest among the three arm types. Thus, the large circumference difference between upper and lower arms is the most notable in arm type A. The factors classifying arm shapes for arm type B are the smallest except for the circumference inbetween upper arm and elbow which is larger than that for arm type A. The circumference difference betweemn upper and lower arms is small for arm type B. Arm type C has the smallest armhole depth, while other factors are similar to those for arm type B. In type C, the size of upper arm is comparatively small on the frontal plane, while it is the largest on the sagital plane.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.864-875
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• 1999

This study was done to classify type os arms and to correspond these types with partial somatotype of upper body such as lateral views of upper body shapes of shoulder. The subjects of this study were female college students of twenties 58 anthropometric and photographic data were measured. The results were as follows : 1. Form the factor analysis arm girth/armscye size factor arm length factor the slope of lower arm, arm factor the curves of armscye the roundness of arm/shapes of shoulder the slope of upper arm factor were obtained. 2. By using factor scores 4 clusters of arm types were extracted. The characteristics of these clusters were projections of armscy slant of lower arm thick-set canelike. 3. Four types of arm were corresponded with the specified lateral views of upper body directions of shoulder slopes of shoulder.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2009

Recently developed automotive components are getting lighter providing a higher fuel efficiency and performance. Following the current trend, this study proposes a structural optimization method for the lower control arm installed at the front side of a Vehicle. Lightweight design of lower control arm can be achieved through design and material technology. In this research, the shape of lower control arm was determined by applying the optimization technology and aluminum was selected as a steel-substitute material. Strength performance is the most important design requirement in the structural design of a control arm. This study considers the static strength in the optimization process. For the optimum design, the durability analysis is performed to predict its fatigue life. In this study, the kriging interpolation method is adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the strength constraint. Optimum designs are obtained by the in-house program, EXCEL-Kriging. Also, based on the optimum model obtained for the static strength, the optimization of Index of Fatigue Durability is carried out to get th optimum fatigue performance.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2011

In order to survive in turbulent and competitive markets, automotive part manufacturers try efforts to develop new manufacturing technologies for ultra-lightweight, high-intensity and environmentally-friendly parts. Most of front lower arm is manufactured by welding process between upper- and lower panel which are produced by press stamping process. Because lower arm mounted on the cross member parts is one of the important complementary parts. So, to improve safety and lightweight of these parts, hybrid technologies are used in this paper. As hybrid technologies are applied to be front sub-frame, rear cross member and other chassis parts as well as front lower arm, the 20% lightweight has been achieved compared with existing steel parts.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자가 한손 및 양손 활동을 수행하는 동안 가속도 측정을 통해 건측 및 환측, 위팔 및 아래팔의 활동량을 비교하여 일상생활활동의 정량적 측정도구로써 가속도계의 활용가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2017년 9월부터 11월까지 우측 편마비 환자 10명과 좌측 편마비 환자 10명을 대상으로 한손 활동과 양손 활동을 실시하였다. 한손 활동은 마시기로 건측과 환측을 따로 측정하였고, 양손 활동은 옷입기로 건측과 환측을 동시에 측정하였다. 삼축 가속도계를 위팔의 가쪽 위관절융기 아래 지점, 아래팔의 노뼈붓돌기 아래 지점에 착용하여 수행시간과 활동량을 측정하였다. 각 3회씩 반복 측정하여 평균값을 사용하였다. 결과 :　우측 편마비 환자에서는 양손 활동 수행 시 아래팔에서만 건측의 활동량이 유의하게 많았고(p<.05), 전체 활동에서 위팔보다 아래팔의 활동량이 유의하게 많았다(p<.01, p<.05). 좌측 편마비 환자에서 한손 활동과 양손 활동 수행 시 모두 환측과 건측의 활동량에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 양손 활동 시 환측을 제외한 모든 활동에서 건측 및 환측의 위팔보다 아래팔의 활동량이 유의하게 많았다(p<.05). 전체 환자에서 양손 활동 수행 시 건측의 위팔과 아래팔의 활동량이 유의하게 많았고(p<.05), 전체 활동에서 위팔보다 아래팔의 활동량이 유의하게 많았다(p<.001, p<.05). 결론 : 삼축 가속도계로 위팔 및 아래팔의 활동량을 측정한 결과, 한손 및 양손 활동 수행 시 아래팔의 활동량이 위팔보다 많았고, 양손 활동 수행 시에는 건측의 활동량이 더 많았다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.256-260
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• 2008

The Hybrid-Lower Arm, which has been developed for reducing cost and weight, was produced by three kinds of casting methods such as the high-pressure diecasting(HPDC), the squeeze casting(SC), and the H-NCM rheocasting process. The important factors for development of the Hybrid-Lower Arm are the integral feeding in Al casting for heat treatment and the high joinning ratio between the steel part and the Al part. In this study, effects of these casting processes on the quality of Hybrid-Lower Arm were investigated. Compared with HPDC and squeeze casting, the rheocasitng process using the H-NCM slurry had some advantages in joinning different materials of Al and steel pipe without deforming the steel pipe. X-ray analysis also showed the poreless microstructure in semisolid Hybrid-Lower Arm. In the torsion stress test, semisolid Hybrid-Lower Arm was satisfied with the requirements of automobile standard.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.345-348
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• 2001

Nowadays, cast ingots has been used as preforms for forging to reduce the cost and the number of processes. In this study, the forging ability of Al cast alloys was investigated by using hot compression tests. Hot compression behavior of the cast Al alloys has been studied The flow stress increased by decreasing the compression temperature and by increasing the strain rate. In case of melt treatment the flow stress decreased comparing to untreated A356.0 Al alloy. Also, We developed the various forged lower control arm using the cast preform. The optimum design of product and cast preform was investigated After Prototyping of Al forged lower arm, durability and buckling test were performed.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.336-346
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of low back pain and shoulder arm pain patients according to the Sasang Constitution. Method We classified Seventy-nine participants by their Sasang Constitution. We investigated various aspects of the participant's pain such as the location of pain, diseases and Syndrome Differentiation etc. then intended to confirm relationship the Sasang Constitution and these research items through the statistics analysis. Results The numbers of lower back pain patients was statistically higher in Soyangin group than any other groups and the number of shoulder arm pain patients was statistically higher in Taeeumin group or Eumin group (Taeeumin group and Soeumin group) than Soyangin group. The number of diabetes patients and obesity patients was statistically higher in Taeeumin lower back pain patients, and that of obesity patients was statistically higher in Taeeumin shoulder arm pain patients than any other groups. The numbers of shoulder arm pain patients due to blood stasis and lower back pain patients due to kidney deficiency were statistically higher in Soyangin group than any other groups. The numbers of shoulder arm pain patients due to phlegm fluid retention and lower back pain patients due to phlegm fluid retention were statistically higher in Taeeumin group than any other groups. Conculsions The characteristics of lower back pain and shoulder arm pain could be different according to Sasang constitution.