• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.266-273
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• 2017

In recent years, LNG bunkering terminals are needed to supply LNG as fuel to meet the emission requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). A floating LNG bunkering terminal (FLBT) is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly LNG bunkering systems for storing LNG and transferring it directly to an LNG fuel vessel. The FLBT maintains its position using mooring systems such as spread mooring and turret mooring. The loads on the vessel and mooring lines must be carefully determined to maintain their positions within the operable area. In this study, the wind loads acting in several side-by-side arrangements on the FLBT and LNG-BS were estimated using wind tunnel tests in the Force Technology, and the shielding effect due to the presence of ships upstream was evaluated. In addition, the empirical formulations proposed by Fujiwara et al. (2012) were used to estimate the wind force coefficients acting on the FLBT and those results were compared with experimental results.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.836-844
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• 1994

LNG 인수기지 건설에 있어 주요 기자재는 외국에서 구입하고 이들 설비의 설치 및 시운전은 제작사 기술진의 감리하에 이루어졌다. 그간 천연가스 사업의 계속적인 발전으로 가스설비의 국산화가 상당히 이루어졌고, 국내 건설기술의 향상으로 외국인 감리자의 수요가 많이 감소하 였으나 현재도 LNG 저장탱크의 건설감리는 외국인의 책임하에 수행되고 있다. LNG 설비의 운 전은 완전한 기술자립이 이루어졌으며, 설비의 점검\ulcorner보수 또한 우리 기술진이 수행하나, 핵심 부품의 고장이 발생한 경우는 제작사의 전문가가 보수를 시행하는 경우가 많다. 이에 대한 대 책으로서 설비의 운전\ulcorner유지\ulcorner보수 기술을 더욱 축적하여 설비의 안정적 운영을 확고히 하고, 설비의 안전을 향상시키는 기술개발을 계속 추구하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 1998

This study aims at examining the safety of the would-be approach channel of LNG Terminal at Kwangyang Harbour, by utilizing Captains 2000 port-design simulator. Six competent shipmasters or navigators participated in this study. The developed model ship was a 70,200DWT (138,000m3) LNG carrier. The environmental conditions were maximum flood-and-ebb current condition and wind condition. To evaluate the navigational safety, two categories were analyzed, which were measures of vessel's proximity and shiphandler's subjective evaluations. With respect to the effects of the worst environmental conditions on transit safety, it was concluded that the would-be approach channel was safe on basis of the support of four tugs of 3,200hp or more and current speed of 0.5knots or less.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2016

LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) bunkering has become an important issue with the enforcement of environment regulations in shipping industry required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). With increased attention on LNG bunkering, many studies that focus on safety, regulation, demand forecasting, and the feasibility of LNG fueled ships have been carried out. However, most of the existing research has not included considerations of the price of LNG bunkering and its competitiveness. This paper, therefore, suggests ways to increase price competitiveness in the LNG bunkering market in the Busan Port. This paper analyzes the LNG bunkering supply mechanism by investigating various LNG bunkering terminal business in the LNG supply market. Factors that determine LNG bunkering price and its elasticity are also identified. Market players who want to operate LNG bunkering terminals in the Busan Port should introduce a merchandising trade method that is able to exclude the "Korea premium" in order to increase price competitiveness. This paper also suggests adoptable strategies such as the use of TPS (Terminal to Ship via Pipeline) type of bunkering service and the importance of location for minimizing initial investment cost.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2015

Recently, LNG receiving terminals have been widely constructed and expanded for an increase in LNG demand. Selection of the storage tank for send-out and estimation of send-out flow rate have significant influence to process operation and economics. In this study, a send-out flow rate of each storage tank is optimized in order to minimize the total BOG generation rate. Considering a size and characteristic of each storage tanks, BOG flow rates are estimated using a dynamic simulation with varying liquid levels in the tanks. The regression model is developed fitting BOG flow rates and tank liquid levels, which are boil off rate model to predict BOG flow rates with particular level data. The objective function and constraints including required total send-out flow rate and level limit in the tanks are formulated to optimize a send-out flow rate of each tank. This method for optimization of send-out operation is applied to the Incheon LNG receiving terminal considering two scenarios for various liquid levels and maximum and minimum required send-out flow rates. For maximum required send-out flow rate, this method achieves BOG reduction of 9% comparing with assumed conventional operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.110-115
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• 2014

It is crucial for important facilities to withstand strong earthquakes because their damage may cause undesirable socio-economic effect. A liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminal is one of the lifeline facilities whose seismic safety needs to be guaranteed. Even though all operating LNG receiving terminals in Korea were seismically designed, old design codes do not guarantee to comply with the current seismic design codes. In addition, if the constructional materials have been deteriorated, the seismic capacity of facilities may be also deteriorated. Therefore, it is necessary that the seismic performance of LNG receiving terminals is evaluated and the facilities that lack of seismic capacity have to be rehabilitated. In this paper, a procedure of seismic performance evaluation of such facilities is developed such that the procedure consists of three phases, namely pre-analysis, analysis, and evaluation phases. In the pre-analysis phase, design documents are reviewed and walk-on inspection is performed to determine the current state of the material properties. In the analysis phase, a structural analysis under a given earthquake or a seismic effect is performed to determine the seismic response of the structure. In the evaluation phase, seismic performance of the structure is evaluated based on limit states. Two of the important facilities, i.e. the submerged combustion vaporizer (SMV) and pipe racks of one of the Korean LNG receiving terminals are selected and evaluated according to the developed procedure. Both of the facilities are safe under the design level earthquake.

• Plant Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.80-85
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• 2009

LNG stevedoring plant offshore pipelines requires human power and the longest construction period in constructing LNG storing terminal and influences on the success of the project absolutely. In this paper, the constructing procedures of LNG stevedoring plant offshore pipeline was established. Establishment of constructing procedures of LNG stevedoring plant offshore pipeline includes procurement of main equipments, iron frame and pipelines. To predict any expectable problems, that may occur by the stage of construction the application to the field works with a base of theoretical and practical contents for the constructing procedures of LNG stevedoring plant offshore pipelines can be established.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2017

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

Liquefied natural gas takes up six hundredths of the volume of natural gas, which makes storage and transportation much easier. To send out natural gas via a pipeline network across the nation, high-pressure LNG pumps supply highly compressed LNG to high-pressure vaporization facilities. The Number of high-pressure LNG pumps determined the send-out amount in LNG receiving terminal. So it is main equipment at LNG production process and should be maintained on best conditions. In this paper, to find out the cause of high beat vibration at cryogenic pumps, vibration and motor current signal analysis have been performed. High vibration of cryogenic pumps could be reduced due to the modification of motor rotor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.776-779
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• 2005

Liquefied Natural Gas takes up six hundredths of the volume of natural gas, which makes storage and transportation much easier. To send out natural gas via a pipeline network across the nation, high pressure LNG pumps supply highly compressed LNG to high-pressure vaporization facilities. The Number of high Pressure LNG pumps determined the send out amount in LNG receiving terminal. So it is main equipment at LNG production process and should be maintained on best conditions. In this paper, to find out the cause of high beat vibration at cryogenic pumps, vibration and motor current analysis have been performed. And high beat vibration of cryogenic pumps could be reduced due to the modification of motor rotor.