• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2018

A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance affects the activity of a drug, synergistically or antagonistically, when both are administered together. It has been shown that orally taken ginsenosides are deglycosylated by intestinal bacteria to give ginsenosides metabolites, which has been considered to be genuine pharmacological constituents and to exhibit drug interactions. Animal experimental results demonstrated that ginsenoside metabolites play an important role in the inhibitory or inductive action of both CYPs (cytochrome p450) and P-gp (p-glycoprotein), thereby can be applied as metabolic modulator to drug interactions. Very few are known on the possibility of drug interaction if taken the recommended dose of ginseng, but it has been found to act as CYPs inductor and P-gp inhibitor in any clinical trial, suggesting the risk that side effects will occur. It has been recently reported that interactions might also exist between ginseng and drugs such as warfarin, phenelzine, imatinib and raltegravir. Moreover, medicinal plants are increasingly being taken in a manner more often associated with prescription medicines. Therefore, considering the extensive applications of ginseng for safety, the aim of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of ginseng and drug interactions based upon pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evidences.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2017

A metallic oxide layer of a heat-resistant element contributes to the high-temperature oxidation resistance by delaying the oxidation and has a positive effect on the increase in electrical resistivity. In this study, green compacts of Fecralloy powder mixed with amorphous and crystalline silica are oxidized at $950^{\circ}C$ for up to 210 h in order to evaluate the effect of metal oxide on the oxidation and electrical resistivity. The weight change ratio increases as per a parabolic law, and the increase is larger than that observed for Fecralloy owing to the formation of Fe-Si, Fe-Cr composite oxide, and $Al_2O_3$ upon the addition of Si oxide. Si oxides promote the formation of $Al_2O_3$ and Cr oxide at the grain boundary, and obstruct neck formation and the growth of Fecralloy particles to ensure stable electrical resistivity.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.85-106
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• 2019

Recently, there have been increasing cases of collective petitions filed in the electronic petitions system. However, there is no efficient management system, raising concerns on side effects such as increased administrative workload and mass production of social conflicts. Aimed at suggesting a methodology for estimating electronic collective petitions using anomaly detection and corpus linguistics-based content analysis, this study conducted the followings: i) a theoretical review of the concept of collective petitions, ii) estimation of electronic collective petitions using anomaly detection based on nonparametric unsupervised learning, iii) a content similarity analysis on petitions using n-gram cosine angle distance, and iv) a case study on the Voice of Citizens of Changwon City, through which the utility of the proposed methodology, policy implications and future tasks were reviewed.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.426-431
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• 2016

The Fe-Cr-Al alloy system shows an excellent heat resistance because of the formation of an $Al_2O_3$ film on the metal surface in an oxidizing atmosphere at high temperatures up to $1400^{\circ}C$. The Fecralloy needs an additive that can act as a binder because of its bad compactability. In this study, the green compacts of STS434L and Al powder added to Fecralloy are oxidized at $950^{\circ}C$ for up to 210 h. Fecralloy and Al is mixed by two types of ball milling. One is vented to air and the other was performed in a sealed jar. In the case of Al addition, there are no significant changes in the electrical resistance. Before the oxidation test, Al oxides are present in the Fecralloy surface, as determined from the energy dispersive spectroscopy results. The addition of Al improves the compactability because of an increased density, and the addition of STS434L increases the electrical resistivity by forming a composite oxide.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2018

A lean alloy is defined as a low alloy steel that minimizes the content of the alloying elements, while maintaining the characteristics of the sintered alloy. The purpose of this study is to determine the change in microstructure and mechanical properties due to the addition of silicon or tin in Fe-Mo-P, Fe-Mn-P, and Fe-Mo-Mn-P alloys. Silicon- or tin-added F-Mo-P, Fe-Mn-P, and Fe-Mo-Mn-P master alloys were compacted at 700 MPa and subsequently sintered under a $H_2-N_2$ atmosphere at $1120^{\circ}C$. The sintered density of three alloy systems decreases under the same compacting pressure due to dimensional expansion with increasing Si content. As the diffusion rate in the Fe-P-Mo system is higher than that in the Fe-P-Mn system, the decrease in the sintered density is the largest in the Fe-P-Mn system. The sintered density of Sn added alloys does not change with the increasing Sn content due to the effect of non-dimensional changes. However, the effect of Si addition on the transverse rupture strengthening enhancement is stronger than that of Sn addition in these lean alloys.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.122-130
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify current states and trends of convergence researches by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the papers in the Convergence Society for SMB. After 792 papers from 2012 to 2019 were collected, we analyzed network analysis by using centrality through extracting of nouns and compound nouns with text mining and 3 times of pre-processing and purification processing. According to the results, first, quantitative and qualitative aspects of the researches since 2016 improved, studies focused on words such as influence, convergence, mediating effect, satisfaction, and effect. Second, in the first half (2012-2015), engineering and technical studies were intensively conducted based on topics such as information, system, and security. Third, in the period of the second half (2016-2019), the research scope was expanded to college students, parents, teenagers under the topics of job, self-efficacy, education, satisfaction, depression, and stress. The results of this study are meaningful in identifying existing research trends and in providing information which requires the expansion of new research areas.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2014

In this paper, we study the complex mobile antenna for WPT(Wireless Power Transfer) with NFC(Near Field Communication) of inductive coupling using FPCB which has half thickness compared with the existing coil type antennas. Considering the pattern thickness of loop antenna, the analysis of electromagnetic wave absorber and battery's influence, absorber thickness, the ranges of design parameters are obtained. The proposed antenna has 0.45 mm thickness using single layer 3 oz FPCB and absorber. From measurement, the characteristics of NFC antenna can be satisfied with the specifications of EMVCo. and domestic mobile telecommunication and the transmission efficiency of the proposed WPT antenna is 68.1 % which is competitive with the existing coil type antenna. From the results of this paper, it has been confirmed that the proposed antenna can be used as the WPT and NFC antenna for mobile phone. Key words: Wireless Power Transfer, Near Field Communication, Mobile Phone Antenna, Absorber, FPCB.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.465-469
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of torrefied OPF (oil palm fronds) as the fuel. The torrefaction was performed at 200, 250, 300 and $350^{\circ}C$ during 1 and 2 hours, respectively. As raising the torrefaction temperature and increasing the processing time, the GHV (gross heating value) of torrefied OPFs was increased. Moreover, we found that the torrefaction temperature is more important factor than the processing time. However, the proper torrefaction temperature was asked because the higher torrefaction temperature leaded to the lower torrefied OPF yield. TGA (thermo-gravimetric analysis) data released that the torrefaction at $250^{\circ}C$ could significantly decompose the hemicellulose and the almost cellulose was decomposed at $300^{\circ}C$. In addition, the grindability of biomass was improved after torrefaction, so that it can reduce energy consumption in comminution.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2014

Rubber air spring (RAS) is a special suspension device for the industries of automobile, railroad car and other transportation. A RAS serves as a spring component with the elastic effect of compression and expansion of air in a composite rubber bag. The main component of RAS is the rubber sleeve. Rubber sleeve is the composite which is made up of combination of chloroprene rubber (CR) and nylon 6 cord, and the adhesive strength between CR and nylon 6 cord is very important. In this study, considering the effects of additives in rubber sleeve, various physical properties were tested to find the optimal combination of composition and conditions. Further, in order to select the optimum orientation of the reinforcing fibers, numerical analysis was performed using the finite elements method. After assembling all components of RAS, it was mounted on an actual vehicle, and then it was tested air leakage, fatigue life and fundamental properties.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2016

Background: Sanguisorba officinalis has been used in traditional Asian medicine owing to its beneficial effects on various diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of S. officinalis on the antioxidant system of Streptozotocin (STZ) and Alloxan (ALL) induced diabetic rats. Methods and Results: Triglyceride and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels decreased in the STZ-induced diabetic groups treated with S. officinalis extract (SOE) compared to the corresponding levels in the control groups. Moreover, in the ALL-induced diabetic groups, SOE reduced triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly in the STZ and ALL-induced groups treated with SOE compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Further, Glutathione (GSH) levels increased but did not reach statistical significance. The levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) showed a tendency to recover with SOE treatment in the STZ and ALL-induced diabetic groups. In addition, Catalase (CAT) levels in the SOE treatment group decreased significantly compared to those in the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that SOE might be an effective agent in attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic patients by improving blood lipid profiles and inducing the anti-oxidative enzyme systems.